scholarly journals Astronomy Research via the Internet

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-290
Author(s):  
Kavan U. Ratnatunga
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Recent Preprints ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
On Line ◽  
Astronomical Research ◽  
Set Up ◽  
E Mail

AbstractSmall developing countries may not have a dark site with good seeing for an astronomical observatory or be able to afford the financial commitment to set up and support such a facility. Much of astronomical research today is however done with remote observations, such as from telescopes in space, or obtained by service observing at large facilities on the ground. Cutting-edge astronomical research can now be done with low-cost computers, with a good Internet connection to get on-line access to astronomical observations, journals and most recent preprints. E-mail allows fast easy collaboration between research scientists around the world. An international program with some short-term collaborative visits, could mine data and publish results from available astronomical observations for a fraction of the investment and cost of running even a small local observatory. Students who have been trained in the use of computers and software by such a program would also be more employable in the current job market. The Internet can reach you wherever you like to be and give you direct access to whatever you need for astronomical research.

A hitchhiker’s guide to microscopy and microanalysis using telecommunications, e-mail, and the Internet

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 390-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nestor J. Zaluzec
Keyword(s):  
The Internet ◽  
Information Superhighway ◽  
The World ◽  
Exchange Information ◽  
On Line ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
Communication Software ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
E Mail

The Information SuperHighway, Email, The Internet, FTP, BBS, Modems, : all buzz words which are becoming more and more routine in our daily life. Confusing terminology? Hopefully it won't be in a few minutes, all you need is to have a handle on a few basic concepts and terms and you will be on-line with the rest of the "telecommunication experts". These terms all refer to some type or aspect of tools associated with a range of computer-based communication software and hardware. They are in fact far less complex than the instruments we use on a day to day basis as microscopist's and microanalyst's. The key is for each of us to know what each is and how to make use of the wealth of information which they can make available to us for the asking. Basically all of these items relate to mechanisms and protocols by which we as scientists can easily exchange information rapidly and efficiently to colleagues in the office down the hall, or half-way around the world using computers and various communications media. The purpose of this tutorial/paper is to outline and demonstrate the basic ideas of some of the major information systems available to all of us today. For the sake of simplicity we will break this presentation down into two distinct (but as we shall see later connected) areas: telecommunications over conventional phone lines, and telecommunications by computer networks. Live tutorial/demonstrations of both procedures will be presented in the Computer Workshop/Software Exchange during the course of the meeting.

Does Distance Matter in the Age of the Internet?

Urban Studies ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (13) ◽  
pp. 2747-2783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Mok ◽  
Barry Wellman ◽  
Juan Carrasco
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Interpersonal Contact ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Frequency Of Contact ◽  
Linear Effects ◽  
E Mail

This study is part of the broad debate about the role of distance and technology for interpersonal contact. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that systematically and explicitly compares the role of distance in social networks pre- and post-Internet. An analysis is made of the effect of distance on the frequency of e-mail, phone, face-to-face and overall contact in personal networks, and the findings are compared with their pre-Internet counterpart whose data were collected in 1978 in the same East York, Toronto locality. Multilevel models with a spline specification are used to examine the non-linear effects of distance on the frequency of contact. These effects are compared for both very close and somewhat close ties, and for different role relationships: immediate kin, extended kin, friends and neighbours. The results show that e-mail contact is generally insensitive to distance, but tends to increase for transoceanic relationships greater than 3000 miles apart. Face-to-face contact remains strongly related to short distances (within five miles), while distance has little impact on how often people phone each other at the regional level (within 100 miles). The study concludes that e-mail has only somewhat altered the way people maintain their relationships. The frequency of face-to-face contact among socially close friends and relatives has hardly changed between the 1970s and the 2000s, although the frequency of phone contact has slightly increased. Moreover, the sensitivity of these relationships to distance has remained similar, despite the communication opportunities of the Internet and low-cost telephony.

scholarly journals In “Virtual Dialogue” with the Somali Community: The Value of Electronic Media for Research amongst Refugee Diasporas

Refuge ◽  
2006 ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy Horst
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Transnational Networks ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Academic Knowledge ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Set Up ◽  
E Mail

This article illustrates the methodological potential of electronic media such as the Internet and e-mail for research amongst refugee diasporas. It will first describe research amongst Somalis in Kenyan refugee camps, which demonstrated the importance of transnational networks in the survival of refugees in the camps. The intention of the research set-up was to provide an alternative approach to common depictions of refugees, which often ignore their agency. A focus on agency, referring to every individual’s level of choice and power, is as much a methodological decision as a theoretical or epistemological assumption, since people’s agency clearly manifests itself in knowledge creation. After describing the possible dialogical nature of academic knowledge creation, the article moves on to illustrate how electronic media can play an important role in this. There are a number of apparent advantages to the methodological use of the Internet and e-mail in research, though at the same time pitfalls should not be underestimated. Nevertheless, when studying refugee communities that are dispersed across the globe and make active use of electronic media, “virtual dialogues” provide fascinating new insights.

Social and P2P Networks on the Internet

2008 ◽  
pp. 545-550
Author(s):  
Milica Stojmenovic
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Mail ◽  
Instant Messaging ◽  
Discussion Groups ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Mailing Lists ◽  
Bulletin Boards ◽  
On Line ◽  
Voice Chat ◽  
E Mail

This article studies social networks on the Internet created by popular applications such as e-mails, Web, chat, file sharing via peer-to-peer interaction, and online gaming. The Internet has its roots in military and academia. Connections are available around the world at academic institutions, military installations, government agencies, commercial enterprises, commercial information providers (AOL, CompuServe, and MSN), and Internet service providers. The Internet offers the following services: sending and receiving e-mail (electronic mail), transferring files between computers, participating in discussion groups through newsgroups and mailing lists, searching and retrieving information, chat, Internet relay chat, instant messaging, Internet telephony (voice chat), and on-line shopping. Newsgroups contain databases of messages on topics. They are similar to mailing lists, except that e-mail messages are posted to newsgroup sites. Bulletin boards and discussion groups offer similar services. People “surf the net” to find information and download files and connect directly to other computers. Web pages are used to communicate with customers and suppliers, describe organizations and products, tender documents, and provide services (banking, stocks, and software).

Internet Advertising

2012 ◽  
pp. 288-310
Author(s):  
Radomír Jakab
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Internet Advertising ◽  
The Internet ◽  
European Law ◽  
On Line ◽  
E Mail

As can be derived from its name, Internet advertising means any form of promoting products or services through the Internet. This form of advertising can be distinguished into more forms such as e-mail advertising, on-line advertisements, corporate and marketing websites. Such differentiation is important from a legal point of view as well. Besides the definition and classification of Internet advertising, this chapter is mainly aimed at an analysis of the applicable European law regulating this area: such as general requirements for advertising, including its Internet form or rules relating to unsolicited commercial communications (spam). Further, when advertising through the Internet, rules designed for the protection against unfair commercial practices or prohibited comparative advertisements may be challenged. The objective of this chapter is not only to analyze some relevant provision of the European law but also to submit proposals for its improvement if needed.

Low-cost telemedicine in the developing world

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 63-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Swinfen ◽  
P Swinfen
Keyword(s):  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Computer Viruses ◽  
Charitable Trust ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Medicolegal Issues

summary The Swinfen Charitable Trust uses digital cameras and email to provide specialist advice to doctors in developing countries. The first telemedicine link was set up in July 1999. By the end of a year there were three links to hospitals in Bangladesh, Nepal and the Solomon Islands. Initially the consultants, all of whom give their advice free of charge, were from the UK, but now are worldwide. At present there are 12 links in operation, including one on Tristan da Cunha, and two links approved and awaiting equipment. The advice given by the consultants has been found to be helpful to the referring doctors and to benefit their patients. Failures have been due to the use of obsolescent equipment, computer viruses, lack of communication with the referring hospital before setting up a link, and referring doctors not chasing up their own referrals. Problems yet to be solved include the unreliability of the Internet, certain medicolegal issues and assessing the quality of medical consultants. In future there will be the problem of managing a rapidly growing telemedicine network.

scholarly journals Telemicroscopy

1993 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 6-8
Author(s):  
Gary Fan ◽  
Phil Mercurio ◽  
Steve Young ◽  
Mark Ellisman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Computer Network ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Projection Screen ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscope ◽  
On Line ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Speed Computer

While many of us have used a computer network to send E-mail, how about using it to remotely control an electron microscope? That's exactly what Telemicroscopy refers to.Up to now electron microscopy (EM) has been conducted typically in a darkened enclosure, with the operator sitting in the dark for hours staring at a dim phosphor screen. This paradigm was not, however, closely followed during the telemicroscopy demonstration at the SIGGRAPH 1992 meeting in Chicago, where microscopic images were acquired on-line over the Internet high-speed computer network from the intermediate-high voltage electron microscope located at the San Diego Microscopy and Imaging Resource. Stereo-pairs were displayed on a color projection screen in front of many spectators and camera crews.

Methods and Models for Surveying Using the Internet

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Nachila Catalin
Keyword(s):  
The Internet ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
On Line ◽  
E Mail

If the Internet was able to modify economic relations and the concept of communication, it can also make it possible to improve the process of research in fields like management, statistical, and marketing. The researchers can use the Internet in order to improve or to facilitate the collection of data necessary for its work. As the number of users is growing and the technology is rapidly developing, the Internet can provide various methodologies similar to the researcher’s studies. The goal of the article is to present the existing methods of surveying via Internet (off-line and on-line) and to propose two models for conducting these surveys based on traditional methods (e-mail for off-line and Computer Assisted Web Interviewing for on-line).

The Economics of Community Networking

2011 ◽  
pp. 568-583
Author(s):  
Mark Surman
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Discussion Forums ◽  
Group Of Seven ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Uk ◽  
E Mail ◽  
The U.S

It was a special moment. Non-profits were still figuring out the fax machine. No one had heard of the Internet. A few brave souls were stringing computers together, hanging modems and activists off the other end. The information — and the shifting political tide — were beginning to flow. News and passion trickled from the ANC headquarters in London to every nook and cranny of South Africa. Meetings were planned and new social movements dreamed over a few modems and a 286 in Toronto. Lobbying tactics, grand visions and messages home all emanated from a little computer room as thousands of environmentalists converged on Rio. At the center of all this was a band of computer activists calling themselves the Association for Progressive Communications (APC). The APC is a global coalition of nonprofit organizations who supply Internet content and connectivity services to civil society. APC was founded by a group of seven organizations who had all been providing e-mail and on-line discussion forums to non-profits and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) since the mid-1980s. This group included Alternex in Brazil, GreenNet in the UK, Nicarao in Nicaragua, IGC (PeaceNet and EcoNet) in the U.S., NordNet in Sweden, Pegasus in Australia and Web Networks in Canada. APC now includes 25 member networks located on six continents.

Characteristics, Limitations, and Potential of Advergames

2009 ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calin Gurau
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Computer Games ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Viral Marketing ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
Large Audience ◽  
Internet Platform ◽  
E Mail

Advergames can be defined as online games that incorporate marketing content. Initially, many companies have placed their brands or logos in the virtual environment of computer games launched by specialised gaming firms. However, this form of advergaming is rather static and ineffective, since the player is concentrated on the task required by the game and might not acknowledge the brand image displayed in the background. This limitation has encouraged the firms to create their own advergames, which are developed around a theme or a character directly related with their products and/or brands. In order to ensure a large diffusion of these games, they were made freely available on the Internet. The facilities offered by the Internet platform have increased the interactiveness of the game, and have added a viral marketing dimension. Viral marketing describes any strategy that encourages individuals to pass on a marketing message to others, creating the potential for exponential growth in the message’s exposure and influence. The use of advergames corresponds well to a strategy of viral marketing, which incorporates the following principles: 1. Give away products or services 2. Provide for effortless transfer to others of these products/services 3. Scale easily from a small to a very large audience 4. Exploit common customer motivations and behaviours 5. Utilise existing communication networks to transfer the products/services, or messages about them 6. Take advantage of others’ resources (existing users/customers) The interest in advergames has substantially increased in the last 5 years because of its perceived advantages (FreshGames, 2002; WebResource, 2004): • Low-cost marketing in comparison with the traditional advertising channels, such as TV and radio • A captured audience that can transmit valuable personal information about its demographic profile, behaviour, needs, attitudes, and preferences • Customer retention: the average time spent in an advergame is 7 to 30 minutes, which cannot be reached in the case of a classical TV advertisement • Viral marketing: 81% of the players will e-mail their friends to try a good game All these data demonstrate the huge potential of advergames (Rodgers, 2004). However, despite the hype created by this new advertising method, most of the information describing or debating advergames is professionally-oriented, often written in an advertising style (DeCollibus, 2002; Hartsock, 00 ; Intrapromote, 2004). Very few academic studies have been initiated to investigate the characteristics of advergames, and their influence on consumers’ perceptions and behaviour (Hernandez, Chapa, Minor, Maldonaldo, & Barranzuela, 2004; Nelson, 2002). This article attempts to identify, based on the existent professional literature, the specific characteristics of an efficient advergame, and to verify the existence of these characteristics in 70 advergames that are active online.

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