scholarly journals Using the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) and Federated Virtual Observatory Archives for Multiwavelength Studies of AGNs

2002 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 379-388
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Mazzarella ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Present Status ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Virtual Observatory ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Multi Wavelength ◽  
Globally Distributed ◽  
The Universe

AbstractWe live in an exciting era that offers increasing opportunities for people all over the world to make discoveries about the Universe using interconnected archives on the Internet as a primary research tool. We review how NED (http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu) can be used in concert with globally distributed online archives to perform multi-wavelength, crosscorrelated studies of AGNs and other galaxy types. The present status and planned evolution of NED capabilities are discussed.

Semi-Structured Data Extraction from Heterogenous Sources

2000 ◽  
pp. 83-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Gao ◽  
Leon Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Accessible Information ◽  
The World ◽  
Machine Readable ◽  
The Universe

The World Wide Web is known as the “universe of network-accessible information, the embodiment of human knowledge” (W3C, 1999). Internet-based knowledge management aims to use the Internet as the world wide environment for knowledge publishing, searching, sharing, reusing, and integration, and to support collaboration and decision making. However, knowledge on the Internet is buried in documents. Most of the documents are written in languages for human readers. The knowledge contained therein cannot be easily accessed by computer programs such as knowledge management systems. In order to make the Internet “machine readable,” information extraction from Web pages becomes a crucial research problem.

scholarly journals Notes towards an anthropology of the internet

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 15-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Hart
Keyword(s):  
World History ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
The Third ◽  
Human Creativity ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Universe

What might an anthropology of the internet look like? It require a combination of introspection, personal judgment and world history to explore the universe of cyberspace. This world is not sufficient to itself, nor is it 'the world'. People bring their offline circumstances to behaviour online. The virtual and the real constitute a dialectic in which neither can be reduced to the other and 'virtual reality' is their temporary synthesis. Heidegger's metaphysics are drawn on to illuminate this dialectic. Before this, the internet is examines in the light of the history of communications, from speech and writing to books and the radio. The digital revolution of our time is marked by the convergence of telephones, television and computing. It is the third stage in a machine revolution lasting just 200 years. The paper analyses the political economy of the internet in terms of the original three classes controlling respectively increase in the environment (land), money (capital) and human creativity (labour). It ends with a consideration of Kant's great example for a future anthropology capable of placing human subjectivity in world history.

Causality and Filling the Ignorance Gap

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara E. Gorman ◽  
Jack M. Gorman
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The Public ◽  
Intravenous Drugs ◽  
The World ◽  
Full Capacity ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Two Bodies

There is an old adage: “What you don’t know can’t hurt you.” In the science denial arena, however, this adage seems to have been recrafted to something like: “What you don’t know is an invitation to make up fake science.” Before it was dis¬covered that tuberculosis is caused by a rather large bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis it was widely believed to be the result of poor moral character. Similarly, AIDS was attributed to “deviant” lifestyles, like being gay or using intravenous drugs. When we don’t know what causes something, we are pummeled by “experts” telling us what to believe. Vaccines cause autism. ECT causes brain damage. GMOs cause cancer. Interestingly, the leap by the public to latch onto extreme theories does not extend to all branches of science. Physicists are not certain how the force of gravity is actually conveyed between two bodies. The theoretical solutions offered to address this question involve mind-boggling mathematics and seemingly weird ideas like 12 dimensional strings buzzing around the universe. But we don’t see denialist theories about gravity all over the Internet. Maybe this is simply because the answer to the question does not seem to affect our daily lives one way or the other. But it is also the case that even though particle physics is no more or less complex than molecular genetics, we all believe the former is above our heads but the latter is within our purview. Nonphysicists rarely venture an opinion on whether or not dark matter exists, but lots of nonbiologists will tell you exactly what the immune system can and cannot tolerate. Even when scientific matters become a little more frightening, when they occur in some branches of science, they register rather mild atten¬tion. Some people decided that the supercollider in Switzerland called the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) might be capable of producing black holes that would suck in all of Earth. Right before the LHC was scheduled to be tested at full capacity, there were a few lawsuits filed around the world trying to stop it on the grounds that it might induce the end of the world.

scholarly journals Optical Spectroscopy with the Technology of Virtual Observatory

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Škoda
Keyword(s):  
Optical Spectroscopy ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Heterogeneous Databases ◽  
Virtual Observatory ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Physical Knowledge ◽  
Multi Wavelength ◽  
The Universe

AbstractThe contemporary astronomy is flooded with an exponentially growing petabyte-scaled data volumes produced by powerful ground and space-based instrumentation as well as a product of extensive computer simulations and computations of complex numerical models. The efficient organization and seamless handling of this information avalanche stored in a world-wide spread heterogeneous databases and the facilitation of extraction of new physical knowledge about the Universe is a primary goal of the rapidly evolving astronomical Virtual Observatory (VO). We give an overview of current spectroscopic capabilities of VO and identify the future requirements indispensable for detailed multi-wavelength analysis of huge amounts of spectra in a semi-automatic manner.

Between Caves: From Plato to the Brain through the Internet

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Echeverria ◽  
Adolfo Plasencia
Keyword(s):  
Binary System ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
The World ◽  
Evolutionary Step ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
The Brain ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Modern Computing

In this dialogue, the philosopher of science and mathematician Javier Echeverria, begins by explaining how Leibniz created the first modern binary system, in which ‘1 and 0’ is capable of expressing everything, - something that marked the beginning of all modern computing and the subsequent digital revolution -, and why there would be no Internet without this language. He then argues why everything that is intelligible cannot be digitized. After, he explains why digitization is part of the invention of writing, how it transforms the world and might imply a great evolutionary step forward. He then rationalizes why we should speak of “intelligences”, in the plural, rather than just one intelligence and why, for him, intelligence is a question of degree. Later in the dialogue, he reflects on collective and “biosocial” intelligence, as well as explaining his vision of the Internet as Plato’s Cave, why he thinks metaverses are possible, and why he believes in the possibility that the universe is a huge hologram. Finally, he describes how our brains are starting to become bionic (“techno-brains”), thus enabling control technologies, and why this digital revolution poses a great challenge for the humanities

Bridging the Growing Digital Divide

2005 ◽  
pp. 284-291
Author(s):  
Ioannis Tarnanas ◽  
Vassilios Kikis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World Wide Web ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
World Wide ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Software Interface ◽  
The World ◽  
Worldwide Network ◽  
Globally Distributed

That portion of the Internet known as the World Wide Web has been riding an exponential growth curve since 1994 (Network Wizards, 1999; Rutkowski, 1998), coinciding with the introduction of NCSA’s graphically-based software interface Mosaic for “browsing” the World Wide Web (Hoffman, Novak, & Chatterjee, 1995). Currently, over 43 million hosts are connected to the Internet worldwide (Network Wizards, 1999). In terms of individual users, somewhere between 40 to 80 million adults (eStats, 1999) inthe United States alone have access to around 800 million unique pages of content (Lawrence & Giles, 1999), globally distributed on arguably one of the most important communication innovations in history.

The Legal Ramifications of Oral History

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Neuenschwander
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Institutional Review Board ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
The World ◽  
American Law

Oral history has become a research tool in virtually every country in the world. While the vast majority of oral history programs have not and likely never will be confronted with a lawsuit, the implementation of legally and ethically sound procedures are the best ways to insure that this does not happen. All oral historians should make themselves familiar with the legal issues that relate to the practice of oral history, such as legal release agreements, challenges to interview restrictions, defamation, the privacy torts, copyright, the Internet, and institutional review board. The focus of this article is American law, but the issues discussed is relevant to oral historians from other nations and encourage practitioners to consider how their own legal systems address them. The memories that an interviewer records begin as the intellectual property of the interviewee. People own the copyright to their words. The importance of various legal documents pertaining to oral history is presented in detail.

Bridging the Growing Digital Divide

2008 ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Ioannis Tarnanas ◽  
Vassilios Kikis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World Wide Web ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
World Wide ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Software Interface ◽  
The World ◽  
Worldwide Network ◽  
Globally Distributed

That portion of the Internet known as the World Wide Web has been riding an exponential growth curve since 1994 (Network Wizards, 1999; Rutkowski, 1998), coinciding with the introduction of NCSA’s graphically-based software interface Mosaic for “browsing” the World Wide Web (Hoffman, Novak, & Chatterjee, 1995). Currently, over 43 million hosts are connected to the Internet worldwide (Network Wizards, 1999). In terms of individual users, somewhere between 40 to 80 million adults (eStats, 1999) inthe United States alone have access to around 800 million unique pages of content (Lawrence & Giles, 1999), globally distributed on arguably one of the most important communication innovations in history.

Entropy

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-138
Author(s):  
James P. Sethna
Keyword(s):  
Information Entropy ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Heat Engine ◽  
Black Hole Entropy ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Residual Entropy ◽  
Phase Conjugate ◽  
Entropy Measures ◽  
The World ◽  
The Universe

This chapter explores irreversibility, disorder, and ignorance as manifestations of entropy. Entropy measures irreversibility. The inevitable increase of entropy was discovered by analyzing a reversible heat engine, and implied the heat death of the Universe. Entropy measures disorder. Osmotic pressure is the entropy of ions in water; the residual entropy of glasses measures their atomic disorder. Entropy measures our ignorance about the world. Information entropy is used to compress messages and files on the Internet. Exercises span information entropy (burning information and Maxwell’s demon, reversible computation, card shuffling, Shannon entropy, entropy of DNA and aging, entropy of messy bedrooms, data compression), fundamentals of equilibration (Arnol’d cat map, proofs for and against entropy increase, phase conjugate mirrors), materials science (rubber bands and glasses), and astrophysics and cosmology (life at the end of the Universe, black hole entropy, Dyson spheres, cosmic nucleosynthesis and the arrow of time).

A hitchhiker’s guide to microscopy and microanalysis using telecommunications, e-mail, and the Internet

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 390-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nestor J. Zaluzec
Keyword(s):  
The Internet ◽  
Information Superhighway ◽  
The World ◽  
Exchange Information ◽  
On Line ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
Communication Software ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
E Mail

The Information SuperHighway, Email, The Internet, FTP, BBS, Modems, : all buzz words which are becoming more and more routine in our daily life. Confusing terminology? Hopefully it won't be in a few minutes, all you need is to have a handle on a few basic concepts and terms and you will be on-line with the rest of the "telecommunication experts". These terms all refer to some type or aspect of tools associated with a range of computer-based communication software and hardware. They are in fact far less complex than the instruments we use on a day to day basis as microscopist's and microanalyst's. The key is for each of us to know what each is and how to make use of the wealth of information which they can make available to us for the asking. Basically all of these items relate to mechanisms and protocols by which we as scientists can easily exchange information rapidly and efficiently to colleagues in the office down the hall, or half-way around the world using computers and various communications media. The purpose of this tutorial/paper is to outline and demonstrate the basic ideas of some of the major information systems available to all of us today. For the sake of simplicity we will break this presentation down into two distinct (but as we shall see later connected) areas: telecommunications over conventional phone lines, and telecommunications by computer networks. Live tutorial/demonstrations of both procedures will be presented in the Computer Workshop/Software Exchange during the course of the meeting.

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