scholarly journals Misrecognition in the making of a state: Ghana’s international relations under Kwame Nkrumah

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 882-901
Author(s):  
Julia Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Early Years ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
The West ◽  
Complex State ◽  
Kwame Nkrumah ◽  
The One ◽  
Struggle For Recognition

AbstractThis article draws on a Kleinian psychoanalytic reading of Hegel’s theory of the struggle for recognition to explore the role of international misrecognition in the creation of state subjectivity. It focuses on Ghana’s early years, when international relations were powerfully conceptualised and used by Kwame Nkrumah in his bid to bring coherence to a fragile infant state. Nkrumah attempted to create separation and independence from the West on the one hand, and intimacy with a unified Africa on the other. By creating juxtapositions between Ghana and these idealised international others, he was able to create a fantasy of a coherent state, built on a fundamental misrecognition of the wider world. As the fantasy bumped up against the realities of Ghana’s failing economy, fractured social structures, and complex international relationships, it foundered, causing alienation and despair. I argue that the failure of this early fantasy was the start of Ghana’s quest to begin processes of individuation and subjectivity, and that its undoing was an inevitable part of the early stages of misrecognition, laying the way for more grounded struggles for recognition and the development of a more complex state-subjectivity.

scholarly journals The missing Other: a review of Linklater’sViolence and Civilization in the Western States-System

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. M. Ling
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The West ◽  
Las Casas

AbstractAs Andrew Linklater has shown, Europeans have decreased their tolerance for, or endorsement of, violence over the centuries. Various international and domestic conventions demonstrate the point. This accomplishment rightfully deserves celebration. But herein lies the rub. While Linklater recognises the role of imperialism and colonialism in perpetrating global violence, he does not grant equal opportunity to the Rest in contributing to the world’s new moral heights. Linklater assumes, for instance, that Las Casas never talked with indigenes to realise that they, too, warrant recognition as human beings; Catholic piety alone sufficed. The West thus towers in singular triumph, embedding International Relations (IR) in what I call Hypermasculine Eurocentric Whiteness (HEW). Still, the Other retains a sense of its Self. An effervescent spirit of play enables resilience and creativity toco-produceour world-of-worlds. Come out and play!, I urge. It’s time to shed IR’s ‘tragedy’ for the sparkle within.

scholarly journals Global IR and Western Dominance: Moving Forward or Eurocentric Entrapment?

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melody Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Global South ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
Global Power ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Methodological Tool ◽  
Four Books ◽  
The One ◽  
The Ideal

Over the last decade, a call for decolonisation has challenged IR scholarship. The call has advocated for the need to decolonise the epistemology and ontology of the discipline, critically engaging with the legacies of imperialism, colonialism, racism, and patriarchy in global power relations. Parallel to the decolonial project, a call to globalise International Relations has been made by well-known scholars in recent years predominantly through the Global IR project. In this review essay of four books I briefly engage with the debates around Global IR and its critics drawing on a decolonial perspective. On the one hand, I discuss the potentialities and limitations of historiographical deconstruction as a methodological tool, raising issues with the current silencing of the ‘present’ due to the continued coloniality of knowledge. On the other hand, I delve into the wide range of possibilities that a serious and critical commitment to diversifying the discipline of IR might bring to academics in the so-called non-West/Global South. I analyse current critiques of Global IR considering them necessary though, in some cases, agents for the reification and silencing of the interests of the non-West/Global South. I argue that, whilst coloniality operates in multiple ways, decoloniality is also a project that surpasses the ideal total exteriority as imagined through the West/non-West dichotomy. Relaciones Internacionales Globales y Dominación Occidental: ¿Avance o entrampamiento eurocéntrico?

scholarly journals Symbolic power in diplomatic practice: Matters of style in Brussels

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merje Kuus
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Social Resources ◽  
The Other ◽  
Symbolic Power ◽  
Empirical Observation ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
The One ◽  
Foreign Ministries

This paper investigates the workings of symbolic power in diplomatic practice. At the level of empirical observation, it focuses on the intangible and incalculable ‘feel for the game’ that distinguishes a well-informed and relaxed insider from an ill-informed and ill-at-ease outsider in European Union (EU) diplomatic circles in Brussels. By highlighting the play of social resources, such as reputation, presence, poise, and composure in these circles, I examine EU diplomacy from an angle – symbolic power – that is often overlooked in the existing work on that field. Conceptually, the analysis focuses on the role of informal social resources rather than formal institutional structures in diplomatic practice. It also outlines the potential synergies between the study of diplomacy in international relations (IR) on the one hand and geography, anthropology, and sociology on the other. The paper thereby advances the analytical toolbox of diplomatic studies and practice theory. Such conceptual sharpening is needed, especially now that diplomacy is becoming more transnational and less linked to the foreign ministries of states.

scholarly journals ACTUAL ISSUES OF RESEARCH OF ATTILA’S INVASION OF NOTHERN ITALY

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
K.T. Zhumagulov ◽  
◽  
R.O. Sadykova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Italian Campaign ◽  
The One

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the evolution of international relations in Europe in the middle of the 5th century, which involved a struggle for hegemony between the Hunnish Empire ruled by Attila on the one hand and both of the Roman Empires - on the other hand. By the late spring of 452, Attila had gathered capable troops and went ahead with launching a new campaign into Italy, the heart of the Roman Empire. The Byzantine diplomacy managed to send Attila against the West and may have played its role in this. The Hun aristocracy and hordes are thought to spur their ruler into launching the campaign to capture new spoils of war too. At all events, it is necessary for us to objectively reconstruct the events of the Italian campaign

scholarly journals PROFESSOR LOSEV'S EVERYDAY LIFE: ESPIONAGE IN SOVIET POST-WAR CINEMA

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Евгения Андреевна Долгова
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
The West ◽  
The Status ◽  
Post War ◽  
The One ◽  
Science In Society ◽  
The Ideal

В статье анализируется трансформация сюжета шпиономании в советских игровых кинокартинах о быте советских учёных конца 1940-х - начала 1950-х гг. Кинематограф этого времени внимателен к фигуре ученого: картины, посвященные героическим биографиям или научной повседневности, отражали статус науки в обществе, повседневность научных работников. Автор анализирует мифологию современного кинолентам общества, реконструирует представления власти об идеальном типе взаимоотношений ученого и государства. Делается вывод о том, что роль учёного в кинематографе тех лет специфична - с одной стороны, его образ часто приобретал черты нравственной максимы, с другой - оказывался в фокусе шпиономании. Мотив шпиономании, отрицание «низкопоклонства перед Западом» и космополитизма - специфичные черты кинематографа тех лет, нашедшие отражение и в конкретных исторических событиях - например, предвоенной дескридитирующей компании против Н. Н. Лузина, послевоенном деле «КР». В основу работы с аудиовизуальными источниками положен метод поэтапного структурированного наблюдения. The article aims to study the plot of espionage in Soviet films about the life of Soviet scientists in the late 1940s-early 1950s. The Cinema of this time is attentive to the figure of a scientist: the films are dedicated to heroic biographies or scientific everyday life, they reflected the status of science in society. The author analyzes the mythology of films, reconstructs the authorities ' ideas about the ideal type of relationship between the scientist and the state. It is concluded that the role of the scientist in the cinema of those years is specific - on the one hand, his image often acquired the features of a moral maxim, on the other-was in the focus of espionage. The close intertwining of the spy motif, the negation of «admiration for the West» and cosmopolitanism - specific feature of the cinema of those years, as reflected in specific historical events - for example, the defamatory company against Nikolay N. Luzin, post-war case «КR». The audio-visual sources were analyzed with the method of step-by-step structured observation.

The problem of woman’s emansipation in the feuilleton “Amazonia: a very inept story” by Mykola Chirsky

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Iryna Rusnak
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Understanding ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Compositional Structure ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Artistic Heritage

The author of the article analyses the problem of the female emancipation in the little-known feuilleton “Amazonia: A Very Inept Story” (1924) by Mykola Chirsky. The author determines the genre affiliation of the work and examines its compositional structure. Three parts are distinguished in the architectonics of associative feuilleton: associative conception; deployment of a “small” topic; conclusion. The author of the article clarifies the role of intertextual elements and the method of constantly switching the tone from serious to comic to reveal the thematic direction of the work. Mykola Chirsky’s interest in the problem of female emancipation is corresponded to the general mood of the era. The subject of ridicule in provocative feuilleton is the woman’s radical metamorphoses, since repulsive manifestations of emancipation becomes commonplace. At the same time, the writer shows respect for the woman, appreciates her femininity, internal and external beauty, personality. He associates the positive in women with the functions of a faithful wife, a caring mother, and a skilled housewife. In feuilleton, the writer does not bypass the problem of the modern man role in a family, but analyses the value and moral and ethical guidelines of his character. The husband’s bad habits receive a caricatured interpretation in the strange behaviour of relatives. On the one hand, the writer does not perceive the extremes brought by female emancipation, and on the other, he mercilessly criticises the male “virtues” of contemporaries far from the standard. The artistic heritage of Mykola Chirsky remains little studied. The urgent task of modern literary studies is the introduction of Mykola Chirsky’s unknown works into the scientific circulation and their thorough scientific understanding.

THE PECULIARITIES OF CRIME PREVENTION BY OPERATIONAL UNITS IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Ксения Ивановна Голубцова
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Meaningful Information ◽  
Penal Institutions ◽  
The One ◽  
Negative Factors

Статья посвящена рассмотрению проблем профилактики преступлений оперативными подразделениями исправительных учреждений (далее - ИУ). Автор, раскрывая роль оперативных отделов ИУ в общей профилактике правонарушений, указывает на ее двоякость, поскольку, с одной стороны, рассматриваемые подразделения обладают значительным преимуществом перед другими службами учреждения в выявлении негативных факторов (негласный метод получения оперативно значимой информации), с другой стороны - далеко не все условия, которые способствуют совершению преступлений в ИУ, можно устранить оперативным путем. Изучение специальной литературы позволило выявить в деятельности начальников ИУ определенные проблемы, связанные с оценкой состояния оперативной обстановки в ИУ, сложившейся ситуации; с отсутствием прогноза развития криминогенной ситуации в ИУ, а также с профессиональной некомпетентностью руководителей, неумением объективно оценивать результаты деятельности структурных подразделений. Автор особое внимание уделяет анализу статистических данных о совершенных и предотвращенных преступлениях лицами, находящимися в местах лишения свободы. The article is devoted to the consideration of problems of crime prevention by operational units of correctional institutions (hereinafter referred to as IA). The author, revealing the role of the operational departments of the IA in the general prevention of offences, points to its twofold. On the one hand, the units under consideration have significant advantages over other services of the institution in identifying negative factors (these are tacit methods of obtaining promptly meaningful information). On the other hand, not all conditions conducive to the commission of crimes in IA can be eliminated by operational means: For example, shortcomings in the activities of other departments and services (security department, duty shift, etc.). The study of special literature has made it possible to identify problems in the activities of heads of correctional institutions in the sphere of implementation of solutions in case of lack of objective and complete information on the state of the operational situation in IA, the current situation, the results of the activities of structural subdivisions; No forecast of the development of the crime situation in IE; Professional incompetence of managers, inability to objectively assess the results of activities of structural subdivisions. The author pays particular attention to the analysis of statistics on crimes committed and prevented by persons in detention.

JOHN JOHNSONS LETTERS: THE ACCOUNTING ROLE OF TUDOR MERCHANTS' CORRESPONDENCE

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Oldroyd
Keyword(s):  
Time Delays ◽  
The Other ◽  
Business Decisions ◽  
Accounting Systems ◽  
Agency Relationships ◽  
The One

This article examines the role that correspondence played in the accounting systems of Tudor merchants. Merchants relied heavily on letters as a means of controlling their businesses at a distance by making agents accountable. Written accountability, as well as information for business decisions, was encouraged by agency relationships in mercantile enterprises. The system could be undermined by the breakdown of communication through the negligence of a factor or the lack of involvement by the principal. The time delays between the sending and the receipt of letters, on the one hand, and the procurement and conveyance of goods, on the other, were additional problems.

Metaphor, Cognition, Culture

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Kövecses
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor Theory ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Culture And Cognition ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
The One ◽  
Cultural Reality ◽  
Metaphor And Metonymy

The chapter reports on work concerned with the issue of how conceptual metaphor theory (CMT) functions as a link between culture and cognition. Three large areas are investigated to this effect. First, work on the interaction between conceptual metaphors, on the one hand, and folk and expert theories of emotion, on the other, is surveyed. Second, the issue of metaphorical universality and variation is addressed, together with that of the function of embodiment in metaphor. Third, a contextualist view of conceptual metaphors is proposed. The discussion of these issues leads to a new and integrated understanding of the role of metaphor and metonymy in creating cultural reality and that of metaphorical variation across and within cultures, as well as individuals.

There Are No Such Things As Theories

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven French
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Musical Works ◽  
The One ◽  
Realism Debate

What is a scientific theory? Is it a set of propositions? Or a family of models? Or is it some kind of abstract artefact? These options are examined in the context of a comparison between theories and artworks. On the one hand, theories are said to be like certain kinds of paintings, in that they play a representational role; on the other, they are compared to musical works, insofar as they can be multiply presented. I shall argue that such comparisons should be treated with care and that all of the above options face problems. Instead, I suggest, we should adopt a form of eliminativism towards theories, in the sense that a theory should not be regarded as any thing. Nevertheless, we can still talk about them and attribute certain qualities to them, where that talk is understood to be made true by certain practices. This shift to practices as truth-makers for theory talk then has certain implications for how we regard theories in the realism debate and in the context of the nature and role of representation in science.

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