Considerations in assessing pragmatic appropriateness in spoken language

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-202
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Classroom Instruction ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
The Given

AbstractThis paper is a revised version of a plenary prompted by the upsurge of interest in the role of pragmatics in teaching, learning, and assessment, and has as its purpose to take a fresh look at recent developments in the assessment of target-language (TL) pragmatics in spoken language. The first issue considered is the question of whether to attempt to assess pragmatics as it unfolds naturally in interactions, and if so, how to do it. Next, micro-level and macro-level factors in the assessment of TL pragmatics are considered. Third, a close look is given to the specific elements of TL pragmatics to assess. Fourth, there is attention to the matter of which instruments are most appropriate for collecting the desired data in the given context. Fifth, issues relating to data analysis are discussed. Finally, matters pertaining to the assessment of classroom instruction are looked at. Recommendations are given as to potentially viable directions for dealing with these issues both in terms of research studies and for assessment of classroom instruction.

18. Political Participation

2020 ◽  
pp. 318-335
Author(s):  
Herbert Kitschelt ◽  
Philipp Rehm
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Politically Active

This chapter examines four fundamental questions relating to political participation. First, it considers different modes of political participation such as social movements, interest groups, and political parties. Second, it analyses the determinants of political participation, focusing in particular on the paradox of collective action. Third, it explains political participation at the macro-level in order to identify which contextual conditions are conducive to participation and the role of economic affluence in political participation. Finally, the chapter discusses political participation at the micro-level. It shows that both formal associations and informal social networks, configured around family and friendship ties, supplement individual capacities to engage in political participation or compensate for weak capacities, so as to boost an individual’s probability to become politically active.

18. Political participation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Kitschelt ◽  
Philipp Rehm
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Politically Active

This chapter examines four fundamental questions relating to political participation. First, it considers different modes of political participation such as social movements, interest groups, and political parties. Second, it analyses the determinants of political participation, focusing in particular on the paradox of collective action. Third, it explains political participation at the macro-level in order to identify which contextual conditions are conducive to participation and the role of economic affluence in political participation. Finally, the chapter discusses political participation at the micro-level. It shows that both formal associations and informal social networks, configured around family and friendship ties, supplement individual capacities to engage in political participation or compensate for weak capacities, so as to boost an individual's probability to become politically active.

scholarly journals Role of Undergraduate Medical Students in Designing Teaching Module in Anatomy for Effective Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 729-734
Author(s):  
Preeti Prabhakarrao Thute ◽  
Sunita Jayant Vagha
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
First Year ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Interventional Study ◽  
Learning Resource ◽  
Effective Learning ◽  
Teaching Module ◽  
Teaching Learning

BACKGROUND The importance of the students in the development of the medical curriculum has been very well known. The valuable perspective and insight of the medical students is very essential in the development of new student-centred teaching modules with student friendly methodology, tools and learning resource materials to increase students’ interest improving their understanding and competence in anatomy and eventually create better doctors and for better patient outcomes. In view of this, an interventional study was carried out to study the role of undergraduate medical students in designing teaching module in anatomy for effective learning. METHODS An interventional study was carried out from October 2019 to March 2020 in the Department of Anatomy, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha. 230 first MBBS students and 50 students i.e., 25 students from each 2nd MBBS and 3rd MBBS participated voluntarily. A routine didactic lecture was conducted for first year MBBS students. Perception was taken with the structured proforma (using Likert scale) from all the students and data analysis was done. A panel was formed with 50 volunteered students from 2nd MBBS and 3rd MBBS who were given responsibility to form module (instructions for the teacher). Then lecture was again conducted for the first year MBBS students incorporating the instructions from the module framed after considering input from data analysis of perception of first MBBS students and from panel of second MBBS and third MBBS students. The data was analysed statistically, using descriptive and inferential statistics using chisquare test. Software used in the analysis were Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 24.0 version and GraphPad Prism 7.0 version. RESULTS After data analysis, it was observed that after implementation of instructions from module there was improvement in all parameters of teaching learning methodology, tools used and learning resource material. The difference was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS It is evident from the present study that when the teaching learning methodology, teaching learning tools and learning resource materials are designed considering the inputs from the techno savvy students, it is accepted and beneficial for effective learning while still keeping a tinge of the traditional methodology. KEY WORDS Challenges, Criticism, Inputs, Teaching Learning Methodology

scholarly journals The Role of Literary Theory in Literary Translation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. p122
Author(s):  
Cheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Literary Theory ◽  
John Keats ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Literary Theories ◽  
Creative Role ◽  
The Given ◽  
Language Text

In literary translation, the way quality of translation is judged shows some special features. The translator’s understanding of the source language text and his creative reconstruction of the target language text place the whole process of translation under the influence of literary theories. With a case analysis of three different translation versions of John Keats’ Ode on a Grecian Urn, this paper argues that based on the given features of literary translation, the relationships between the translator and the text, and the creative role of the translator in the process of translation, literary theory plays an essential role in literary translation.

PART II: Ethics, Environment, and Migration: Immigration and the Ethics of Choice

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-104
Author(s):  
Teresa A. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Distance ◽  
The State ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Know How ◽  
Ethical Discourse ◽  
Making Choices ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Individual

This paper begins by developing a language for ethical discourse on immigration and then examining the extent to which choices may be made at the micro-level and at the macro-level. States and individuals are examined as actors who are variously described as making choices or being choiceless. The concepts of cultural distance, reciprocity, the role of the individual and of the state and their interrelationships are evaluated in the perspective of choice. Whether an ethics of immigration can be successfully developed hinges on the degree of choice that individuals and states have or perceive themselves to have. How sad and fraught with trouble is the state of those who yearly emigrate in bodies to America for the means of living…. It is, indeed, piteous that so many unhappy sons of Italy, driven by want to seek another land, should encounter ills greater than those from which they would fly…. When they reach the lands for which they are destined, ignorant as they are of the language and the place, and hired out for daily labor, they fall into the hands of the dishonest, and even into the snares of those powerful men to whom they enslave themselves. (Pope Leo XIII, 1888) You shall not oppress an alien. You well know how it feels to be an alien since you were once aliens yourselves in the land of Egypt. (Ex 23:9)

Sensory Extension as a Tool for Cognitive Learning

2015 ◽  
pp. 72-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Eisenberg ◽  
Ann Eisenberg
Keyword(s):  
Educational Technology ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Arts Education ◽  
Classroom Instruction ◽  
Cognitive Learning ◽  
Learning Tools ◽  
Scientific Instrumentation ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Bubble Chambers

The practice of educational technology has long been driven by a relatively restricted set of operational metaphors: typically, computers are identified as potential “teachers” or “tutors” of material or (arguably more productively) as “learning tools” for students. Recent developments in technology suggest the advent of another, perhaps still more fruitful metaphor – namely viewing educational technology (not limited to computers) as a means of sensory extension. In this view, technology is seen not as a repository of content, but rather as an extension of scientific instrumentation (telescopes, microscopes, bubble chambers) and prosthetics (eyeglasses, cochlear implants). This chapter is intended as an initial, partly speculative exploration of what it would mean for science and arts education to rethink the role of technology in terms of sensory extension rather than classroom instruction.

Current Language Maintenance Research in Jordan

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Abdelkader M. Alshboul
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
Language Maintenance And Shift ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Level Analysis ◽  
The Way

<p>This paper investigates the methodology utilized in Jordanian language maintenance and shift research on six minorities including Chechens, Armenians, Gypsies, Druze, Circassian, and Kurds. It argues that the methodology has been based on the macro-level analysis that examined the role of a number of sociodemographic factors in the LMLS process. However, this analysis does not offer a complex picture of immigrants’ language use and attitudes. It is suggested in this paper that the micro level analysis should also be employed to illuminate the way language is negotiated and used. </p>

scholarly journals Assessing the practical implementation of the EU’s values in EU–China dialogues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Roger Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Test Case ◽  
External Relations ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Impact

AbstractLiterature debating the role of the EU’s values in its external relations has neglected to adequately define and empirically explore the practical promotion or mainstreaming of these aspects in diplomatic dialogues with third countries, at the micro-level. Departing from an often abstract focus by scholars on policy outcomes at the macro-level, a concentration on micro-level processes enables an explanation of how value mainstreaming is actually taking place and the elements informing this. It encompasses the role of individual EU officials, the mechanisms guiding their activities, and the impact of interlocutors from third countries. Addressing this gap, this paper defines EU value mainstreaming and conducts a discourse analysis of a comprehensive sample of interviews with EU officials operationalising EU–China dialogues, arguably the hardest test case. It is found that value mainstreaming is rarely taking place in practice due to a nuanced combination of factors. These include EU officials’ perceived lack of responsibility for undertaking such activities, anticipated obstruction by Chinese interlocutors, and counterproductive mainstreaming approaches.

scholarly journals Developing the Cadets’ Communication Competence from an Intercultural Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-142
Author(s):  
Brândușa-Oana Niculescu ◽  
Georgeta Obilişteanu
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Communication Competence ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Content Areas ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Language Classes ◽  
Role Of Teachers ◽  
Teaching Learning

Abstract Traditionally, foreign language classes provide a systematic presentation and acquisition of knowledge and skills under the guidance and monitoring of a teacher. However, language is unquestionably related to culture. Being competent in a foreign language requires not only possessing the linguistic competence, but also understanding the culture that has defined and shaped it. The process of learning a foreign language involves an awareness of the culture of the target language, as well as the way it relates to one’s own culture. This paper aims, first, to deal with major issues in the foreign language classes related to creating the conditions for students to acquire and develop the skills necessary to cope with the difficulties of the intercultural situations, and second, to determine the culture-related content areas and give practical tips for teachers to employ in preparing their students for the intercultural challenge. It also points to the important role of teachers in conceiving and producing the teaching-learning resources that will enable students to gain the relevant cultural background knowledge and skills, as well as to the benefits of using culture-focused activities along with the grammar-based tasks.

scholarly journals PERANAN BMT TERHADAP PEMBERDAYAN USAHA MIKRO ( Studi Kasus BMT Al-Furqon Padang Sibusuk Kab. Sijunjung Prop. Sumatera Barat)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arwin Arwin
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Business Customers ◽  
The Village ◽  
Micro Enterprises

The aim of this research is to explain the role of BMT in empowering micro businesses in the village / Nagari Padang Sibusuk Sijunjung West Sumatra. The role of BMT in providing financing opportunities for people to get financing as capital to open and develop micro businesses. This research is field research, while the data sources are obtained from observations, interviews, documentaries. While the data analysis used semi quantitative analysis. The results of this study regarding the role of BMT in empowering micro-businesses in Padang Sibusuk Village / Nagari, Kupitan District, Sijunjung Regency, West Sumatra are: One, the empowerment of Micro Enterprises in the field of micro business is growing rapidly. Two, the role of BMT Al-furqon Padang Sibusuk provides facilities in providing financing to increase the empowerment of Micro Enterprises in 2017 by 14.92 percent. In 2018 it was 24.76 percent and increased in 2019 to 38.73 percent. Meanwhile, at the macro level, the role of BMT Al-Furqon in Sijunjung Regency is 2.82 percent in 2017, 2.57 percent in 2018 and increased to 4.30 percent in 2019. Three, the HR BMT Al-furqon Padang Sibusuk also provides training and coaching to customers. micro business customers who can be financed from BMT Al-Furqon Padang Sibusuk.

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