scholarly journals Shock wave generation in thin foils using lasers and ion beams. II 2-D expansion effects and planarity considerations

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Thompson ◽  
P. D. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Critical Density ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Ion Beams ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Composite Target ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
State Measurement ◽  
Hydrodynamic Code

The shock pressures generated in the interaction of lasers and light ion beams with thin foils are calculated using a two-dimensional, axisymmetric hydrodynamic code. For lasers, finite spot sizes produce a significant decrease in the pressure generated, compared to previous 1-D estimates. The effect is closely related to the coupling of the critical density with the ablation surface and is less important at shorter wavelengths, the appropriate parameter being Iλ2. For 0·5 TW red light and a 100 μm radius spot pressures are limited to 30 Mb. Perturbations across the beam profile are discussed and it is demonstrated that beam uniformity of 30% (25% for green light) is required to achieve velocity modulation of less than 2%, such as would be necessary for an equation of state measurement.For the larger targets used with light ion beams, two-dimensional effects prove to be less of a problem, and for high-Z materials the initial 1-D estimates of peak pressure are adequate. In order to obtain the shock planarity requisite for equation of state measurements in a high-Z target an intensity uniformity of ±15% would be required. However, use of a composite target enables this to be relaxed to ±25% whilst obtaining slightly higher pressures.

scholarly journals The role of mixed vibronic Qy-Qx bands in the light-harvesting dynamics of the major antenna complex, LHCII

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Arsenault ◽  
Yusuke Yoneda ◽  
Masakazu Iwai ◽  
Krishna Niyogi ◽  
Graham Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Vibrational Spectroscopy ◽  
Light Harvesting ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Light Harvesting Complex ◽  
Antenna Complex ◽  
Light Harvesting Complex Ii ◽  
Natural Photosynthesis

Abstract The importance of green light for driving natural photosynthesis has long been underappreciated, however, under the presence of strong illumination, green light actually drives photosynthesis more efficiently than red light. This green light is absorbed by mixed vibronic Qy-Qx states, arising from chlorophyll (Chl)-Chl interactions, although almost nothing is known about these states. Here, we employ polarization-dependent two-dimensional electronic-vibrational spectroscopy to study the origin and dynamics of the mixed vibronic Qy-Qx states of light-harvesting complex II. We show the states in this region dominantly arise from Chl b and demonstrate how it is possible to distinguish between the degree of vibronic Qy versus Qx character. We find that the dynamics for states of predominately Chl b Qy versus Chl b Qx character are markedly different, as excitation persists for significantly longer in the Qx states and there is an oscillatory component to the Qx dynamics, which will be discussed. Our findings demonstrate the central role of electronic-nuclear mixing in efficient light-harvesting and the different functionalities of Chl a and Chl b.

scholarly journals The role of mixed vibronic Qy-Qx states in green light absorption of light-harvesting complex II

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Arsenault ◽  
Yusuke Yoneda ◽  
Masakazu Iwai ◽  
Krishna K. Niyogi ◽  
Graham R. Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Light Harvesting ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Light Harvesting Complex ◽  
Complex Ii ◽  
Absorption Of Light ◽  
Light Harvesting Complex Ii ◽  
Natural Photosynthesis

AbstractThe importance of green light for driving natural photosynthesis has long been underappreciated, however, under the presence of strong illumination, green light actually drives photosynthesis more efficiently than red light. This green light is absorbed by mixed vibronic Qy-Qx states, arising from chlorophyll (Chl)-Chl interactions, although almost nothing is known about these states. Here, we employ polarization-dependent two-dimensional electronic-vibrational spectroscopy to study the origin and dynamics of the mixed vibronic Qy-Qx states of light-harvesting complex II. We show the states in this region dominantly arise from Chl b and demonstrate how it is possible to distinguish between the degree of vibronic Qy versus Qx character. We find that the dynamics for states of predominately Chl b Qy versus Chl b Qx character are markedly different, as excitation persists for significantly longer in the Qx states and there is an oscillatory component to the Qx dynamics, which is discussed. Our findings demonstrate the central role of electronic-nuclear mixing in efficient light-harvesting and the different functionalities of Chl a and Chl b.

Perancangan Sistem Kontrol Lampu Lalulintas Cerdas Dengan Menggunakan Mikrokontroler dan Kamera

Jurnal MIPA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Tjerie Pangemanan ◽  
Arnold Rondonuwu
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
Traffic System ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Adjustment System ◽  
System Time

Masalah lalu lintas  merupakan salah satu  masalah yang sangat sulit diatasi dengan hanya menggunakan system waktu (timer). Oleh sebab itu diperlukan suatu system pengaturan otomatis yang bersifat real-time sehingga waktu pengaturan lampu lalu lintas dapat disesuaikan dnegan keadaan di lapangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan suatu simulasi sistem yang mampu mengestimasi panjang antrian kendaraan menggunakan metoda pengolahan citra digital hanya dengan menggunakan satu kamera untuk dijadikan parameter masukan  dalam menghitung lama waktu nyala lampu merah dan lampu hijau. Oleh karena itu, sistem lalulintas sangatlah diperlukan, sebagai sarana dan prasarana untuk menjadikan lalulintas lancar, aman, bahkan sebagai media pembelajaran disiplin bagi masyarakat pengguna jalan raya. Penelitian ini penulis menggunakan sistem pengontrolan berbasis citra digital dimana camera sebagai sensor. Untuk aplikasi dari  semua metode dalam penelitian ini digunakan Microcontroller AurdinoTraffic problems is one of the problems that is very difficult to overcome by only using the system time (timer). Therefore we need an automatic real-time adjustment system so that the time settings for traffic lights can be adjusted according to the conditions on the ground. This study aims to develop a system simulation that is able to estimate the length of the vehicle queue using a digital image processing method using only one camera to be used as input parameters in calculating the length of time the red light and green light. Therefore, the traffic system is very necessary, as a means and infrastructure to make traffic smooth, safe, even as a medium for disciplined learning for road users. In this study the authors used a digital image-based control system where the camera as a sensor. For the application of all methods in this study, Aurdino Microcontroller is used

Reduction of partially invariant submodels of rank 3 defect 1 to invariant submodels

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.T. Siraeva
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Lie Algebra ◽  
Lie Algebras ◽  
Gas Dynamics ◽  
Hydrodynamic Type ◽  
System Of Equations ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Equations Of Gas Dynamics ◽  
Entropy Functions

Equations of hydrodynamic type with the equation of state in the form of pressure separated into a sum of density and entropy functions are considered. Such a system of equations admits a twelve-dimensional Lie algebra. In the case of the equation of state of the general form, the equations of gas dynamics admit an eleven-dimensional Lie algebra. For both Lie algebras the optimal systems of non-similar subalgebras are constructed. In this paper two partially invariant submodels of rank 3 defect 1 are constructed for two-dimensional subalgebras of the twelve-dimensional Lie algebra. The reduction of the constructed submodels to invariant submodels of eleven-dimensional and twelve-dimensional Lie algebras is proved.

scholarly journals Modeling Energy LED Light Consumption Based on an Artificial Intelligent Method Applied to Closed Plant Production System

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2735
Author(s):  
Ernesto Olvera-Gonzalez ◽  
Martín Montes Rivera ◽  
Nivia Escalante-Garcia ◽  
Eduardo Flores-Gallegos
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Light Component ◽  
Gp Model

Artificial lighting is a key factor in Closed Production Plant Systems (CPPS). A significant light-emitting diode (LED) technology attribute is the emission of different wavelengths, called light recipes. Light recipes are typically configured in continuous mode, but can also be configured in pulsed mode to save energy. We propose two nonlinear models, i.e., genetic programing (GP) and feedforward artificial neural networks (FNNs) to predict energy consumption in CPPS. The generated models use the following input variables: intensity, red light component, blue light component, green light component, and white light component; and the following operation modes: continuous and pulsed light including pulsed frequency, and duty cycle as well energy consumption as output. A Spearman's correlation was applied to generate a model with only representative inputs. Two datasets were applied. The first (Test 1), with 5700 samples with similar input ranges, was used to train and evaluate, while the second (Test 2), included 160 total datapoints in different input ranges. The metrics that allowed a quantitative evaluation of the model's performance were MAPE, MSE, MAE, and SEE. Our implemented models achieved an accuracy of 96.1% for the GP model and 98.99% for the FNNs model. The models used in this proposal can be applied or programmed as part of the monitoring system for CPPS which prioritize energy efficiency. The nonlinear models provide a further analysis for energy savings due to the light recipe and operation light mode, i.e., pulsed and continuous on artificial LED lighting systems.

scholarly journals Artificial complementary chromatic acclimation gene expression system in Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Ariyanti ◽  
Kazunori Ikebukuro ◽  
Koji Sode
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
Multiple Gene ◽  
Gene Expression System ◽  
Chromatic Acclimation

Abstract Background The development of multiple gene expression systems, especially those based on the physical signals, such as multiple color light irradiations, is challenging. Complementary chromatic acclimation (CCA), a photoreversible process that facilitates the control of cellular expression using light of different wavelengths in cyanobacteria, is one example. In this study, an artificial CCA systems, inspired by type III CCA light-regulated gene expression, was designed by employing a single photosensor system, the CcaS/CcaR green light gene expression system derived from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, combined with G-box (the regulator recognized by activated CcaR), the cognate cpcG2 promoter, and the constitutively transcribed promoter, the PtrcΔLacO promoter. Results One G-box was inserted upstream of the cpcG2 promoter and a reporter gene, the rfp gene (green light-induced gene expression), and the other G-box was inserted between the PtrcΔLacO promoter and a reporter gene, the bfp gene (red light-induced gene expression). The Escherichia coli transformants with plasmid-encoded genes were evaluated at the transcriptional and translational levels under red or green light illumination. Under green light illumination, the transcription and translation of the rfp gene were observed, whereas the expression of the bfp gene was repressed. Under red light illumination, the transcription and translation of the bfp gene were observed, whereas the expression of the rfp gene was repressed. During the red and green light exposure cycles at every 6 h, BFP expression increased under red light exposure while RFP expression was repressed, and RFP expression increased under green light exposure while BFP expression was repressed. Conclusion An artificial CCA system was developed to realize a multiple gene expression system, which was regulated by two colors, red and green lights, using a single photosensor system, the CcaS/CcaR system derived from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, in E. coli. The artificial CCA system functioned repeatedly during red and green light exposure cycles. These results demonstrate the potential application of this CCA gene expression system for the production of multiple metabolites in a variety of microorganisms, such as cyanobacteria.

scholarly journals Microfabrication with Very Low-Average Power of Green Light to Produce PDMS Microchips

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 607
Author(s):  
Lucero M. Hernandez-Cedillo ◽  
Francisco G. Vázquez-Cuevas ◽  
Rafael Quintero-Torres ◽  
Jose L. Aragón ◽  
Miguel Angel Ocampo Mortera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Coating Film ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimethyl Siloxane ◽  
Visible Laser ◽  
High Absorption

In this article, we show an alternative low-cost fabrication method to obtain poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) microfluidic devices. The proposed method allows the inscription of micron resolution channels on polystyrene (PS) surfaces, used as a mold for the wanted microchip’s production, by applying a high absorption coating film on the PS surface to ablate it with a focused low-power visible laser. The method allows for obtaining micro-resolution channels at powers between 2 and 10 mW and can realize any two-dimensional polymeric devices. The effect of the main processing parameters on the channel’s geometry is presented.

scholarly journals AB0612 THE FRACTURE PREVENTION UNIT OF THE VIRGEN MACARENA HOSPITAL REDUCES THE GAP IN THE MANAGEMENT OF OP, PARTICULARLY IN MALES AND MEETS IOF/ESCEO QUALITY STANDARDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1341.2-1341
Author(s):  
B. Hernández-Cruz ◽  
F. J. Olmo Montes ◽  
M. J. Miranda García ◽  
M. D. Jimenez Moreno ◽  
M. A. Vázquez Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fragility Fracture ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Type A ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Patient Identification ◽  
Reference Time ◽  
Fracture Liaison

Background:The Virgen Macarena University Hospital belongs to the Public Health System of Andalusia and serves 481,296 inhabitants in Seville, Spain. In 2018 the Fracture Liaison Service switched to a multidisciplinary unit.Objectives:To describe FLS, to know the characteristics of patients with emphasis on gender differences and to know the completion of International Osteoporosis Foundation quality standards.Methods:Prospective, observational, analytical, research of usual clinical practice. All the consecutive patients attended from May 2018 to October 2019, ≥50 years, with a fragility fracture (occurred in the previous 24 months) were included. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee, Code 1084-N-16.Results:Our FLS is a type A multidisciplinary Unit, with a high level of intervention in the evaluation, estimation of fracture risk and fall risk, treatment prescription and follow-up of the patients. We included 408 patients, 80% females, one third with ≥80 years. Fragility fractures recorded in 328 women were hip (132, 40%), clinical vertebral (81, 25%) and no hip no vertebral (115, 35%). Those recorded in 82 males were hip (53, 66%), clinical vertebral (20, 24%) and no hip no vertebral (9, 10%), p=0.0001. Males had a higher rate of secondary causes of OP, drinker, and smoking. The most relevant gender difference was the low percentage of patients receiving pre-FF OP treatment. Forty-nine (16%) women versus 9 (7%) males had received it at some point in their life, p=0.04. Two hundred and seventy-one (86%) women vs 48 males (63%) had received it at after their FF in their reference unit, and all them were treated after the FLS evaluation. The probability of a male not receiving prior treatment was 2.5 (95% CI 1.01- 6.51); p=0,04. This probability was 0.64 (0.38-1.09) after the FF. After twelve months of follow-up in FLs, 96% continued treatment, with no differences between men and women. The completion of IOF quality standards was bad (red light) for patient identification items and FLS reference time. It was poor (amber traffic light) for initial OP screening standard and was good (green light) for the remaining 10 indicators. The completion of IOF quality standards was bad (red light) for patient identification items and FLS reference time. It was poor (amber traffic light) for initial OP screening standard and was good (green light) for the remaining 10 indicators (Figure 1).Figure 1.Figure 1.Conclusion:The FLS is a multidisciplinary type A. Its operation has narrowed the gap in diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of FF patients, especially males. It is essential to improve patient recruitment, reduce referral times and increase the overall assessment of the patients.References:[1]Ganda K. et al. Models of care for the secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Osteoporos Int 2013;24:293-406.[2]Javaid MK et al. A patient-level key performance indicator set to measure the effectiveness of fracture liaison services and guide quality improvement: a position paper of the IOF Capture the Fracture Working Group, National Osteoporosis Foundation and Fragility Fracture Network. Osteoporos Int. 2020 Jul;31(7):1193-1204.Acknowledgements:Spanish Society of Research in Mineral and Bone Metabolism for its support through the competitive project FLS Excellence 2018 to obtain a training grant from the case management nurse.Disclosure of Interests:Blanca Hernández-Cruz Speakers bureau: Sociedad Española de Reumatología, Abbvie, Roche, Bristol, MSD, Lilly, Pfizer, Amgen, Sanofi, Consultant of: Abbvie, Lilly, Sanofi, STADA, UCB, Amgen, Galapagos., Grant/research support from: Fundación para la Investigación Sevilla, Junta de AndalucíaFundación Andaluza de Reumatología, Sociuedad Española de Reumatología., Francisco Jesús Olmo Montes: None declared., Maria José Miranda García: None declared., María Dolores Jimenez Moreno: None declared., María Angeles Vázquez Gómez: None declared., Mercedes Giner García: None declared., Miguel Angel Colmenero Camacho: None declared., José Javier Pérez Venegas: None declared., María José Montoya García: None declared.

scholarly journals Abundance Changes of the Response Regulator RcaC Require Specific Aspartate and Histidine Residues and Are Necessary for Normal Light Color Responsiveness

2008 ◽  
Vol 190 (21) ◽  
pp. 7241-7250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Li ◽  
David M. Kehoe
Keyword(s):  
Dna Binding ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Dna Binding Activity ◽  
Normal Light ◽  
Light Color

ABSTRACT RcaC is a large, complex response regulator that controls transcriptional responses to changes in ambient light color in the cyanobacterium Fremyella diplosiphon. The regulation of RcaC activity has been shown previously to require aspartate 51 and histidine 316, which appear to be phosphorylation sites that control the DNA binding activity of RcaC. All available data suggest that during growth in red light, RcaC is phosphorylated and has relatively high DNA binding activity, while during growth in green light RcaC is not phosphorylated and has less DNA binding activity. RcaC has also been found to be approximately sixfold more abundant in red light than in green light. Here we demonstrate that the light-controlled abundance changes of RcaC are necessary, but not sufficient, to direct normal light color responses. RcaC abundance changes are regulated at both the RNA and protein levels. The RcaC protein is significantly less stable in green light than in red light, suggesting that the abundance of this response regulator is controlled at least in part by light color-dependent proteolysis. We provide evidence that the regulation of RcaC abundance does not depend on any RcaC-controlled process but rather depends on the presence of the aspartate 51 and histidine 316 residues that have previously been shown to control the activity of this protein. We propose that the combination of RcaC abundance changes and modification of RcaC by phosphorylation may be necessary to provide the dynamic range required for transcriptional control of RcaC-regulated genes.

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