Plasma leptin concentration and its interrelation with some blood metabolites, metabolic hormones and the resumption of cyclic ovarian function in postpartum dairy cows supplemented with monensin or inert fat in feed

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gy. Huszenicza ◽  
M. Kulcsar ◽  
J. A. Nikolic ◽  
J. Schmidt ◽  
P. Korodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Metabolic Hormones ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Minimal Concentration ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
Ovarian Cyclicity

AbstractThe postpartum changes in plasma leptin levels of dairy cows ovulated within 35 days after calving were compared to of those with delayed onset of cyclicity in two experiments. The cows were sampled for leptin, insulin, IGF-1, thyroid hormones (T4, T3, rT3), Cortisol and also for some metabolites (glucose, NEFA, BHB and TCH) on day 1-3 after calving and again four times 7 days apart (Exp. 1), or in weeks 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 postpartum (Exp. 2). In Exp. 1 also the standard low dose ACTH-induced Cortisol response and TRH-stimulated T4/T3 responses were determined on days 1-3 and 28-35. In cows of Exp. 1 the leptin level varied within a wide range with a mean of about 4 ng/ml HE in the first samples. Up to week 5 it remained unchanged in cows ovulated within day 35 but reduced in those with delayed onset of cyclicity, resulting in significant difference between the two group means.In cows of Exp. 2 the week 1 leptin levels were lower and less variable than that of Exp. 1. In weeks 2 and 3 a slightly increasing tendency of leptin pattern was seen in cows resuming their ovarian cyclicity within 35 days whereas in those with delayed onset of cyclicity the leptin level remained unchanged. Up to week 5 this tendency resulted in exactly the same leptin values as seen in Exp. 1 with significant differences between the group means in both of the weeks 5 and 10. It was concluded that the plasma leptin concentration in postpartum dairy cows may interfere with resumption of cyclic ovarian function, but its influence may be only permissive (e.g. a minimal concentration above a supposed threshold seems to be the prerequisite of the onset of cyclicity)

Effect of site of starch digestion on metabolic hormones and ovarian function in dairy cows

2009 ◽  
Vol 125 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.C. Garnsworthy ◽  
J.G. Gong ◽  
D.G. Armstrong ◽  
G.E. Mann ◽  
K.D. Sinclair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Starch Digestion ◽  
Metabolic Hormones

Effects of lactational level on reactivation of ovarian function, and interval from parturition to first visual oestrus and conception in high-producing holstein cows

1989 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. O. Harrison ◽  
J. W. Young ◽  
A. E. Freeman ◽  
S. P. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate ◽  
Ovarian Cyclicity ◽  
Average Glucose Concentration ◽  
Average Glucose

ABSTRACTData were collected on 19 high-producing Holstein dairy cows from day 20 post partum until they were either determined pregnant or reached 150 days post partum. Blood metabolites (progesterone (P4), glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and free fatty acids (FFA)) were related to the interval from parturition to first luteal phase, first visual oestrus and conception. Prior to data analysis, cows were divided into two groups based on their 120-day milk production and designated as below herd average (BHA; no. = 9) or above herd average (AHA; no. = 10). Average 120-day milk productions for BHA, AHA and herdmates (no. = 56) were 3932 (s.e. 157), 4841 (s.e. 60) and 4353 (s.e. 96) kg, respectively. Days from parturition to first luteal phase were not different between the BHA and AHA groups (31·7 (s.e. 1·7) and 31·5 (s.e. 6·9), respectively). In contrast, days from parturition to first visual oestrus and to conception oestrus were less for the BHA group than for the AHA group (46·8 (s.e. 4·6) and 76·9 (s.e. 7·5) v. 67·7 (s.e. 5·2) and 102·5 (s.e. 9·2) days, respectively (P < 0·05)). Further, average glucose concentration from day 20 to first luteal phase was higher (P < 0·05) for the BHA group than for the AHA group (64·1 (s.e. 1·6) v. 58·4 (s.e. 1·6) mg/dl). From day 20 to first visual oestrus, plasma glucose concentration increased while BHBA and FFA declined; all three metabolites then remained relatively constant until conception. These data suggest that as the amount of milk a dairy cow produces increases, the interval from parturition to first visual oestrus and conception increases. These data are consistent with a suppression of oestrus behaviour rather than with a delayed interval to ovarian cyclicity.

Cooling management effects on dry matter intake, metabolic hormones levels and welfare parameters in dairy cows during heat stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alona Kleinjan-Elazary ◽  
Yehoshav Ben-Meir ◽  
Haim Gacitua ◽  
Harel Levit ◽  
Avia Fridman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Metabolic Hormones ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Ghrelin ◽  
Hot Season ◽  
Cow Welfare ◽  
Acyl Ghrelin ◽  
As Stress

AbstractThis research paper addresses the hypothesis that intensive cooling management during the summer improves the secretion of metabolic hormones in dairy cows. To test this hypothesis, we characterized the effect of different cooling managements on the different ghrelin isoforms and leptin secretion of 20 Israeli-Holstein dairy cows during 5 weeks during heat stress. The cows were divided into two groups: one was exposed to 5 cooling sessions per day (5 CS) and the other to 8 cooling sessions per day (8 CS). Blood was collected and leptin and ghrelin isoforms level were radioimmunoassayed. Analysis of the interaction between coolings and the week of the experiment showed that the 8 CS group consumed more food and produced more milk, although neither difference was statistically significant. In addition, the 8 CS group exhibited higher blood levels of acyl-ghrelin and leptin as compared to the 5 CS group. Conversely, the blood levels of total ghrelin were lower in the cows exposed to 8 CS as compared to cows from the 5 CS treatment. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found only between total ghrelin levels and the weeks, but not with other parameters examined. We further compared digestibility as well as stress parameters between the groups. We found that the 8 CS group cows ruminated and lay down more hours during a day and simultaneously had better activity time. No significant difference was detected between groups in milk yield and digestibility parameters. Our results suggest that intensive cooling management during the hot season influences the levels of metabolic hormones in the circulation and helps to mitigate the detrimental effect of heat stress on dairy cow welfare and production.

Metabolic characteristics associated with normal or abnormal progesterone profiles during the postpartum period of dairy cows

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-334
Author(s):  
P.G.A. Pushpakumara ◽  
N.H. Gardner ◽  
C.K. Reynolds ◽  
D.E. Beever ◽  
D.C. Wathes
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Abnormal Group

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that 35 — 40 % ofmodern dairy cows experience ovarian disturbances during early lactation. Even though negative energy balance (NEB) has been implicated as a regulator of ovarian function, the exact metabolite(s) or hormone(s), which mediate this effect is still not clear. In this study, we investigated the relationship between blood metabolites (NEFA, BHB and glucose) and plasma insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and ovarian dysfunction. Thirty three Holstein-Friesian cows were fed a lactational ration ad libtium and were inseminated at observed oestrus starting from 56 days post calving. Three times weekly milk samples and weekly blood samples were collected from cows from calving until confirmed pregnant. Cows were placed into “NORMAL” or “ABNORMAL” categories of ovarian activity based on their milk progesterone profiles. The days to first service were 71 ± 2 in “NORMAL” and 78 ± 6 in “ABNORMAL” animals. The calving to conception interval (days open) was shorter in the “NORMAL “ than the “ABNORMAL” group (90 ± 8.7 vs 119 ± 15.2 days). IGF-I levels were significantly lower in the “ABNORMAL” group from 2 until 7 weeks after calving (P<0.02) and NEFA concentrations were higher in the “ABNORMAL” cows in the early postpartum period (P<0.03). There was no significant difference in either plasma BHB or glucose. This study confirms that elevated plasma NEFA concentrations are associated with “ABNORMAL” ovarian activity. The most significant difference was in plasma IGF-I concentrations, which stayed lower for nearly 2 months in the “ABNORMAL” animals.

Restaging of patients with lymphoma

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (01) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Pfluger ◽  
V. Schneider ◽  
M. Hacker ◽  
N. Bröckel ◽  
D. Morhard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
18F Fdg ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

SummaryAim: Assessment of the clinical benefit of i.v. contrast enhanced diagnostic CT (CE-CT) compared to low dose CT with 20 mAs (LD-CT) without contrast medium in combined [18F]-FDG PET/CT examinations in restaging of patients with lymphoma. Patients, methods: 45 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 35) and Hodgkin's disease (n = 10) were included into this study. PET, LD-CT and CECT were analyzed separately as well as side-by-side. Lymphoma involvement was evaluated separately for seven regions. Indeterminate diagnoses were accepted whenever there was a discrepancy between PET and CT findings. Results for combined reading were calculated by rating indeterminate diagnoses according the suggestions of either CT or PET. Each patient had a clinical follow-up evaluation for >6 months. Results: Region-based evaluation suggested a sensitivity/specificity of 66/93% for LD-CT, 87%/91% for CE-CT, 95%/96% for PET, 94%/99% for PET/LD-CT and 96%/99% for PET/CE-CT. The data for PET/CT were obtained by rating indeterminate results according to the suggestions of PET, which turned out to be superior to CT. Lymphoma staging was changed in two patients using PET/ CE-CT as compared to PET/LD-CT. Conclusion: Overall, there was no significant difference between PET/LD-CT and PET/CE-CT. However, PET/CE-CT yielded a more precise lesion delineation than PET/LD-CT. This was due to the improved image quality of CE-CT and might lead to a more accurate investigation of lymphoma.

Comparison of the Effects of Fenugreek Vaginal Cream and Ultra Low- Dose Estrogen on Atrophic Vaginitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 815-822
Author(s):  
Maryam Safary ◽  
Sevil Hakimi ◽  
Noushin Mobaraki-Asl ◽  
Paria Amiri ◽  
Habib Tvassoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Conjugated Estrogens ◽  
Atrophic Vaginitis ◽  
Vaginal Cream ◽  
Intergroup Comparison ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Atrophic vaginitis is a common problem in postmenopausal women and results from decreased levels of blood estrogen. It is associated with symptoms of itching, burning, dyspareunia, and postmenopausal bleeding. The present study evaluated the effects of fenugreek extract on atrophic vaginitis. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was performed on 60 postmenopausal women in Ardabil, Iran, in 2018. The participants were selected using block randomization with the allocation ratio 1:1. Those in the intervention group received 0.5g (the applicator filled to the half-full mark) fenugreek vaginal cream 5% twice a week for 12 weeks. The control group received conjugated estrogens vaginal cream at the dose of 0.625 mg (the applicator filled to the half-full mark) containing 0.3 mg of conjugated estrogens. Atrophic vaginitis was evaluated before and after the treatment through clinical examination, clinical signs, and measurement of Vaginal Maturation Index (VMI). Findings: After the 12-week intervention and modification of the baseline score, the mean (standard error) score for atrophic vaginitis signs was 3.100 (1.43-4.75). This difference was statistically significant in intragroup comparison and in favor of the control group in intergroup comparison (p=0.001). VMI was less than 49% in 86.7% and 46.7% of the participants in the intervention and control groups, respectively. This was a significant difference in favor of the control group (p=0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that total fenugreek extract could be effective in treating signs of atrophic vaginitis, but it was not as effective as ultra-low-dose estrogen.

scholarly journals Biochemical and molecular characterization of Alternaria alternata isolates highly resistant to procymidone from broccoli and cabbage

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingran Wang ◽  
Tiancheng Lou ◽  
Lingling Wei ◽  
Wenchan Chen ◽  
Longbing Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Single Point Mutation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leaf Blights ◽  
High Level

AbstractAlternaria alternata, a causal agent of leaf blights and spots on a wide range of hosts, has a high risk of developing resistance to fungicides. Procymidone, a dicarboximide fungicide (DCF), has been widely used in controlling Alternaria leaf blights in China for decades. However, the resistance of A. alternata against DCFs has rarely been reported from crucifer plants. A total of 198 A. alternata isolates were collected from commercial fields of broccoli and cabbage during 2018–2019, and their sensitivities to procymidone were determined. Biochemical and molecular characteristics were subsequently compared between the high-level procymidone-resistant (ProHR) and procymidone-sensitive (ProS) isolates, and also between ProHR isolates from broccoli and cabbage. Compared with ProS isolates, the mycelial growth rate, sporulation capacity and virulence of most ProHR isolates were reduced; ProHR isolates displayed an increased sensitivity to osmotic stresses and a reduced sensitivity to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS); all ProHR isolates showed a reduced sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) except for the isolate B102. Correlation analysis revealed a positive cross-resistance between procymidone and iprodione, or fludioxonil. When treated with 10 μg/mL of procymidone, both mycelial intracellular glycerol accumulations (MIGAs) and relative expression of AaHK1 in ProS isolates were higher than those in ProHR isolates. Sequence alignment of AaHK1 from ten ProHR isolates demonstrated that five of them possessed a single-point mutation (P94A, V612L, E708K or Q924STOP), and four isolates had an insertion or a deletion in their coding regions. No significant difference in biochemical characteristics was observed among ProHR isolates from two different hosts, though mutations in AaHK1 of the cabbage-originated ProHR isolates were distinct from those of the broccoli-originated ProHR isolates.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Propyl Disulfide from Neem (Azadirachta indica) in Vapor and Agar Diffusion Assays against Anthracnose Pathogens (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum acutatum) in Mango Fruit

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 839
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rafiullah Khan ◽  
Vanee Chonhenchob ◽  
Chongxing Huang ◽  
Panitee Suwanamornlert
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Agar Diffusion ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Diffusion Assay

Microorganisms causing anthracnose diseases have a medium to a high level of resistance to the existing fungicides. This study aimed to investigate neem plant extract (propyl disulfide, PD) as an alternative to the current fungicides against mango’s anthracnose. Microorganisms were isolated from decayed mango and identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum acutatum. Next, a pathogenicity test was conducted and after fulfilling Koch’s postulates, fungi were reisolated from these symptomatic fruits and we thus obtained pure cultures. Then, different concentrations of PD were used against these fungi in vapor and agar diffusion assays. Ethanol and distilled water were served as control treatments. PD significantly (p ≤ 0.05) inhibited more of the mycelial growth of these fungi than both controls. The antifungal activity of PD increased with increasing concentrations. The vapor diffusion assay was more effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of these fungi than the agar diffusion assay. A good fit (R2, 0.950) of the experimental data in the Gompertz growth model and a significant difference in the model parameters, i.e., lag phase (λ), stationary phase (A) and mycelial growth rate, further showed the antifungal efficacy of PD. Therefore, PD could be the best antimicrobial compound against a wide range of microorganisms.

INR Response to Low-Dose Vitamin K in Warfarin Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 106002802199323
Author(s):  
Caitlin E. Kulig ◽  
A. Joshua Roberts ◽  
A. Shaun Rowe ◽  
Hahyoon Kim ◽  
William E. Dager
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin K ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
International Normalized Ratio ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Observational Cohort Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
Retrospective Observational Cohort Study

Background Literature suggests that 2 mg of vitamin K intravenously (IV) provides a similar effect as 10 mg to reverse warfarin. Doses <5 mg haven’t been studied in depth. Objective The objective was to determine the international normalized ratio (INR) reduction effect of ultra low-dose (ULD) IV vitamin K. Methods This retrospective, observational cohort study compared IV vitamin K doses of 0.25-0.5 mg (ULD) versus 1-2 mg (standard low dose [SLD]). The primary outcome assessed ΔINR at 36 hours; secondary outcomes assessed ΔINR at 12 hours and 30-day venous thromboembolism (VTE) and mortality rates. Results Of 88 patients identified (median baseline INR [IQR], 5.1 [3.1, 7.3] vs 4.5 [2.8, 8.2], ULD vs SLD, respectively), 59 had an INR at 12 hours. The ULD had fewer 12-hour INR values <2, with no statistical difference in the ΔINR at 12 hours between the ULD and SLD cohorts (median ΔINR, 2.2 [1.1, 3.4] vs 2.2 [1.1, 6.3]; P = 0.54; median INR, 2.3 vs 1.8). A total of 41 patients had both a 12- and 36-hour INR. No significant difference in the ΔINR between the 12- and 36-hour values occurred (median ΔINR, 0.52 [0.2, 0.91] vs ΔINR, 0.46 [0.18, 0.55]; P = 0.61), suggesting no rebound or excessive reversal and no difference in 30-day rates of VTE ( P > 0.99) or death ( P = 0.38). Conclusion and Relevance ULD IV vitamin K reversed INR similarly to doses of 1-2 mg without rebound. A ULD strategy may be considered in patients requiring more cautious reversal.

scholarly journals A Threat of Farmers’ Suicide and the Opportunity in Organic Farming for Sustainable Agricultural Development in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthikeyan Mariappan ◽  
Deyi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Input Cost

Agriculture is the main sources of income for humans. Likewise, agriculture is the backbone of the Indian economy. In India, Tamil Nadu regional state has a wide range of possibilities to produce all varieties of organic products due to its diverse agro-climatic condition. This research aimed to identify the economics and efficiency of organic farming, and the possibilities to reduce farmers’ suicides in the Tamil Nadu region through the organic agriculture concept. The emphasis was on farmers, producers, researchers, and marketers entering the sustainable economy through organic farming by reducing input cost and high profit in cultivation. A survey was conducted to gather data. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been used to test the hypothesis regards the cost and profit of rice production. The results showed that there was a significant difference in profitability between organic and conventional farming methods. It is very transparent that organic farming is the leading concept of sustainable agricultural development with better organic manures that can improve soil fertility, better yield, less input cost and better return than conventional farming. The study suggests that by reducing the cost of cultivation and get a marginal return through organic farming method to poor and small scale farmers will reduce socio-economic problems such as farmers’ suicides in the future of Indian agriculture.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document