Cooling management effects on dry matter intake, metabolic hormones levels and welfare parameters in dairy cows during heat stress

AbstractThis research paper addresses the hypothesis that intensive cooling management during the summer improves the secretion of metabolic hormones in dairy cows. To test this hypothesis, we characterized the effect of different cooling managements on the different ghrelin isoforms and leptin secretion of 20 Israeli-Holstein dairy cows during 5 weeks during heat stress. The cows were divided into two groups: one was exposed to 5 cooling sessions per day (5 CS) and the other to 8 cooling sessions per day (8 CS). Blood was collected and leptin and ghrelin isoforms level were radioimmunoassayed. Analysis of the interaction between coolings and the week of the experiment showed that the 8 CS group consumed more food and produced more milk, although neither difference was statistically significant. In addition, the 8 CS group exhibited higher blood levels of acyl-ghrelin and leptin as compared to the 5 CS group. Conversely, the blood levels of total ghrelin were lower in the cows exposed to 8 CS as compared to cows from the 5 CS treatment. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found only between total ghrelin levels and the weeks, but not with other parameters examined. We further compared digestibility as well as stress parameters between the groups. We found that the 8 CS group cows ruminated and lay down more hours during a day and simultaneously had better activity time. No significant difference was detected between groups in milk yield and digestibility parameters. Our results suggest that intensive cooling management during the hot season influences the levels of metabolic hormones in the circulation and helps to mitigate the detrimental effect of heat stress on dairy cow welfare and production.

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Effect of heat stress on milk production and its composition of Holstein Friesian crossbred dairy cows

Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ◽

10.3329/ajmbr.v2i2.29060 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 190-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mahmud Al Reyad ◽

Md Abid Hasan Sarker ◽

Md Elias Uddin ◽

Raihan Habib ◽

Md Harun Ur Rashid

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Management Practices ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Dairy Farm ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Mustard Oil ◽

Holstein Friesian ◽

Significant Difference

The aim of this research was to observe the effect of heat stress on milk yield and milk compositions of Holstein Friesian crossbred (HF) dairy cows. To fulfill the objectives, a total of 9 Holstein Friesian crossbred cows were selected for this study. Green grasses (German, Para) were supplied adlibitum and concentrate feeds (mixture of wheat bran, rice polish, mustard oil cake, di-calcium phosphate and salt) were supplied at the rate of 2.0 kg/day/cow. Management practices for all the cows were similar following the BAU Dairy farm practices. Data were collected on milk yield (l/h/d), relative humidity (%) and barn temperature (0C). The obtained temperature humidity index (THI) of July, August, September and October were 84.95, 81.99, 81.40 and 79.57, respectively. The highest THI was found in July which indicated higher heat stress during this month. A significant difference (p<0.05) in milk yield of cows was found among different months of July to October. The highest milk yield (6.10±0.50 l/h/d) was found in October among observed months. The compositions of milk such as total solids (TS), solids-not-fat (SNF), fat, protein, lactose, and ash also differed significantly (p<0.01). The highest values (%) of TS, SNF, fat, protein, lactose and ash content of milk were found in October as 12.63, 8.80, 3.83, 3.69, 4.39 and 0.72, respectively and lowest values (%) were in July as 12.20, 8.50, 3.71, 3.50, 4.30 and 0.69, respectively due to the high THI value. From these results, it is concluded that heat stress has strong effect on milk yield and milk composition of HF cows in Bangladesh. Management strategies are needed to minimize heat stress and attain optimal dairy animal performance.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2016, 2(2): 190-195

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Plasma leptin concentration and its interrelation with some blood metabolites, metabolic hormones and the resumption of cyclic ovarian function in postpartum dairy cows supplemented with monensin or inert fat in feed

BSAP Occasional Publication ◽

10.1017/s0263967x00034005 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 405-409 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Gy. Huszenicza ◽

M. Kulcsar ◽

J. A. Nikolic ◽

J. Schmidt ◽

P. Korodi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Low Dose ◽

Ovarian Function ◽

Metabolic Hormones ◽

Delayed Onset ◽

Wide Range ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Minimal Concentration ◽

Plasma Leptin ◽

Ovarian Cyclicity

AbstractThe postpartum changes in plasma leptin levels of dairy cows ovulated within 35 days after calving were compared to of those with delayed onset of cyclicity in two experiments. The cows were sampled for leptin, insulin, IGF-1, thyroid hormones (T4, T3, rT3), Cortisol and also for some metabolites (glucose, NEFA, BHB and TCH) on day 1-3 after calving and again four times 7 days apart (Exp. 1), or in weeks 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 postpartum (Exp. 2). In Exp. 1 also the standard low dose ACTH-induced Cortisol response and TRH-stimulated T4/T3 responses were determined on days 1-3 and 28-35. In cows of Exp. 1 the leptin level varied within a wide range with a mean of about 4 ng/ml HE in the first samples. Up to week 5 it remained unchanged in cows ovulated within day 35 but reduced in those with delayed onset of cyclicity, resulting in significant difference between the two group means.In cows of Exp. 2 the week 1 leptin levels were lower and less variable than that of Exp. 1. In weeks 2 and 3 a slightly increasing tendency of leptin pattern was seen in cows resuming their ovarian cyclicity within 35 days whereas in those with delayed onset of cyclicity the leptin level remained unchanged. Up to week 5 this tendency resulted in exactly the same leptin values as seen in Exp. 1 with significant differences between the group means in both of the weeks 5 and 10. It was concluded that the plasma leptin concentration in postpartum dairy cows may interfere with resumption of cyclic ovarian function, but its influence may be only permissive (e.g. a minimal concentration above a supposed threshold seems to be the prerequisite of the onset of cyclicity)

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Impact of heat stress on milk yield and composition in early lactation of Holstein Friesian crossbred cattle

Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.3329/bjas.v46i3.36314 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 192-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

T Chanda ◽

GK Debnath ◽

KI Khan ◽

MM Rahman ◽

GC Chanda

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Rectal Temperature ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Lactation Period ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Cool Period ◽

Holstein Friesian ◽

Hot Season

The aim of the study was to know the effect of heat stress on milk yield and its composition of Holstein Friesian crossbred dairy cows rearing under intensive management system.Heat stress in dairy cows is caused by a combination of environmental factors i.e. temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation and air movement, etc. Grading-up of local cattle by temperate breeds for greater performance results to increase the sensitivity to heat stress. The trial was conducted during hot (May-July) and cool period (December-February) on a total of 12 crossbred dairy cows in early lactation period (first 60 days of lactation). The selected cows were divided into two groups namely as G1 (Holstein-Friesian 50% × Local 50%) and G2 (Holstein-Friesian 75% × Local 25%) and each group containing three cows of 3rd lactation in both periods of trail. Cows of each group were offered same quality and quantity of feed and reared in same management condition in both the trail periods. The mean average temperature humidity index (THI) of the stanchion barn were 70.83± 0.535 and 83.87± 0.375 in cool and hot period, respectively. The differences of THI of cool and hot season was significant (p<0.05). The average rectal temperature (0F) of G1 group was 101.51± 0.027and 102.15±0.049 in cool and hot period, respectively. On the other hand, the average rectal temperature (0F) of G2 group was 101.68± 0.035 and 102.5±0.052 in cool and hot period, respectively. The differences of rectal temperature of both groups between cool and hot season were significant (p<0.05). The average milk yield (Liter/day) of both groups was significantly (p<0.05) higher in cool period (14.92±0.019 and 19.54± 0.116 for G1 and G2 group, respectively) than in hot period (12.84±0.152 and 15±0.137 for G1 and G2 group, respectively). The milk yield of G2 group hampered more compare to G1 group due to higher THI during hot season. The milk fat, protein and lactose of both groups were significantly higher (p<0.05) during lower THI period compare to higher THI period, while the higher values of minerals detected in higher THI period but the differences were not statistically significant (p<0.05). From the result it is evident that the milk yield and composition are greatly affected by the heat stress during early lactation period.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2017. 46 (3): 192-197

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A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Finds Increased Blood Levels of All Forms of Ghrelin in Both Restricting and Binge-Eating/Purging Subtypes of Anorexia Nervosa

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020709 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 709

Author(s):

Maria Seidel ◽

Signe Markmann Jensen ◽

Darren Healy ◽

Aakriti Dureja ◽

Hunna J. Watson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Treatment Success ◽

Acute Stage ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Desacyl Ghrelin ◽

Total Ghrelin ◽

Acyl Ghrelin

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric condition associated with high mortality and chronicity. The hunt for state, trait, subtyping, and prognostic biomarkers is ongoing and the orexigenic hormone ghrelin and its different forms, acyl ghrelin and desacyl ghrelin, have been proposed to be increased in AN, especially in the restrictive subtype. A systematic literature search was performed using established databases up to 30 November 2020. Forty-nine studies met inclusion criteria for cross-sectional and longitudinal meta-analyses on total ghrelin, acyl ghrelin, and desacyl ghrelin. All forms of ghrelin were increased in the acute stage of anorexia nervosa during fasting compared to healthy controls. Previous notions on differences in ghrelin levels between AN subtypes were not supported by current data. In addition, a significant decrease in total ghrelin was observed pre-treatment to follow-up. However, total ghrelin levels at follow-up were still marginally elevated compared to healthy controls, whereas for acyl ghrelin, no overall effect of treatment was observed. Due to heterogeneity in follow-up designs and only few data on long-term recovered patients, longitudinal results should be interpreted with caution. While the first steps towards a biomarker in acute AN have been completed, the value of ghrelin as a potential indicator of treatment success or recovery status or its use in subtype differentiation are yet to be established.

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1083 Proteomic analysis reveals increased Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress response in adipose tissue of late pregnant dairy cows during summer heat stress

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/jam2016-1083 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽

pp. 519-520

Author(s):

M. Zachut ◽

G. Kra ◽

G. Friedlander ◽

Y. Levin

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Stress Response ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Proteomic Analysis ◽

Oxidative Stress Response ◽

Summer Heat

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Characterization of Short-Term Heat Stress in Holstein Dairy Cows Using Altered Indicators of Metabolomics, Blood Parameters, Milk MicroRNA-216 and Characteristics

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11030722 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 722

Author(s):

Jang-Hoon Jo ◽

Jalil Ghassemi Nejad ◽

Dong-Qiao Peng ◽

Hye-Ran Kim ◽

Sang-Ho Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Humidity Index ◽

Holstein Dairy Cows

This study aims to characterize the influence of short-term heat stress (HS; 4 day) in early lactating Holstein dairy cows, in terms of triggering blood metabolomics and parameters, milk yield and composition, and milk microRNA expression. Eight cows (milk yield = 30 ± 1.5 kg/day, parity = 1.09 ± 0.05) were homogeneously housed in environmentally controlled chambers, assigned into two groups with respect to the temperature humidity index (THI) at two distinct levels: approximately ~71 (low-temperature, low-humidity; LTLH) and ~86 (high-temperature, high-humidity; HTHH). Average feed intake (FI) dropped about 10 kg in the HTHH group, compared with the LTLH group (p = 0.001), whereas water intake was only numerically higher (p = 0.183) in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Physiological parameters, including rectal temperature (p = 0.001) and heart rate (p = 0.038), were significantly higher in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Plasma cortisol and haptoglobin were higher (p < 0.05) in the HTHH group, compared to the LTLH group. Milk yield, milk fat yield, 3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM), and energy-corrected milk (ECM) were lower (p < 0.05) in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Higher relative expression of milk miRNA-216 was observed in the HTHH group (p < 0.05). Valine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, lactic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, 1,5-anhydro-D-sorbitol, myo-inositol, and urea were decreased (p < 0.05). These results suggest that early lactating cows are more vulnerable to short-term (4 day) high THI levels—that is, HTHH conditions—compared with LTLH, considering the enormous negative effects observed in measured blood metabolomics and parameters, milk yield and compositions, and milk miRNA-216 expression.

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Influence of Menstrual Cycle or Hormonal Contraceptive Phase on Energy Intake and Metabolic Hormones—A Pilot Study

Endocrines ◽

10.3390/endocrines2020008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 79-90

Author(s):

Johanna K. Ihalainen ◽

Ida Löfberg ◽

Anna Kotkajuuri ◽

Heikki Kyröläinen ◽

Anthony C. Hackney ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Hormonal Contraceptive ◽

Group Differences ◽

Metabolic Hormones ◽

Recreational Athletes ◽

Total Ghrelin ◽

17Β Estradiol ◽

The Mean ◽

And Training

Sex hormones are suggested to influence energy intake (EI) and metabolic hormones. This study investigated the influence of menstrual cycle (MC) and hormonal contraceptive (HC) cycle phases on EI, energy availability (EA), and metabolic hormones in recreational athletes (eumenorrheic, NHC = 15 and monophasic HC-users, CHC = 9). In addition, 72-h dietary and training logs were collected in addition to blood samples, which were analyzed for 17β-estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), leptin, total ghrelin, insulin, and tri-iodothyronine (T3). Measurements were completed at four time-points (phases): Bleeding, mid-follicular (FP)/active 1, ovulation (OVU)/active 2, mid-luteal (LP)/inactive in NHC/CHC, respectively. As expected, E2 and P4 fluctuated significantly in NHC (p < 0.05) and remained stable in CHC. In NHC, leptin increased significantly between bleeding and ovulation (p = 0.030) as well as between FP and OVU (p = 0.022). No group differences in other measured hormones were observed across the MC and HC cycle. The mean EI and EA were similar between phases, with no significant differences observed in macronutrient intake over either the MC or HC. While the MC phase might have a small, but statistically significant effect on leptin, the findings of the present study suggest that the MC or HC phase does not significantly alter ad libitum EI or EA in recreational athletes.

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Blood Micronutrient and Thyroid Hormone Concentrations in the Oldest-Old

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jcem.85.6.6627 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 85 (6) ◽

pp. 2260-2265 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Giovanni Ravaglia ◽

Paola Forti ◽

Fabiola Maioli ◽

Barbara Nesi ◽

Loredana Pratelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormone ◽

Thyroid Hormones ◽

Oldest Old ◽

Serum Zinc ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Elderly Age ◽

Blood Concentrations ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Plasma Retinol ◽

Age Range

Several micronutrients are involved in thyroid hormone metabolism, but it is unclear whether their marginal deficits may contribute to the alterations in thyroid function observed in extreme aging. The relationships among blood concentrations of thyroid hormones and selenium, zinc, retinol, and α-tocopherol were studied in 44 healthy Northern Italian oldest-old subjects (age range, 90–107 yr), selected by the criteria of the SENIEUR protocol. Control groups included 44 healthy adult (age range, 20–65 yr) and 44 SENIEUR elderly (age range, 65–89 yr) subjects. Oldest-old subjects had higher TSH (P < 0.01) and lower free T3 (FT3)/freeT4 (FT4) ratio, zinc, and selenium serum values (P < 0.001) than adult and elderly control subjects. No significant difference was found for plasma retinol and α-tocopherol values. The associations between micronutrients and thyroid hormones were evaluated by multivariate analysis. In oldest-old subjects, plasma retinol was negatively associated with FT4 (P = 0.019) and TSH serum levels (P = 0.040), whereas serum zinc was positively associated with serum FT3 (P = 0.010) and FT3/FT4 ratio (P = 0.011). In younger subjects, no significant association was found among thyroid variables and micronutrients. In conclusion, blood levels of specific micronutrients are associated with serum iodothyronine levels in extreme aging.

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PSV-6 Effects of chilled drinking water and cooled floor pads on behavior of lactating sows under heat stress

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.270 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 153-154

Author(s):

Yuzhi Li ◽

Yunhui Zhu ◽

Michael Reese ◽

Eric Buchanan ◽

Lee Johnston

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Time Budget ◽

Calculated Data ◽

Video Recordings ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Lactating Sows ◽

Effect Of Treatment ◽

Drinking Frequency ◽

And Control

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate effects of chilled drinking water and cooled floor pads on behavior of lactating sows under heat stress. Sows were housed in individual farrowing stalls in two rooms with temperatures being controlled at 29.4°C (0700h to 1900h) and 23.9°C (1900h to 0700h). Sows in one room (treatment), but not in the other room (control) were provided with chilled drinking water (13 to 15°C) and cooled floor pads (15 to 18°C). Behavior of sows (n=15 sows/treatment; parity=1 to 6) was video recorded during farrowing, and d 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 after farrowing. Videos were viewed to register birth time of each piglet. Number of drinking bouts and duration of each bout were registered for 2 h (1530h to 1730h) each day after farrowing. Postures (lying laterally, lying ventrally, sitting, and standing) were recorded by scanning video-recordings at 5-min intervals for 24 h each day after farrowing, and time budget for each posture was calculated. Data were analyzed using the Glimmix Procedure of SAS. No effect of treatment was detected for litter size born, farrowing duration, or birth interval (P >0.33; Table 1). Neither frequency nor duration of drinking bouts was affected by treatment (P >0.27). No significant difference was observed in time budget for each posture (P >0.46) between treatment and control groups. As lactation progressed, sows increased drinking frequency (from 1.2 drinks/2h on d 1 to 4.9 drinks/2h on d 21; P< 0.001) and time spent lying ventrally (8% to 14%; P< 0.0001), standing (4% to 10%; P< 0.001), and sitting (2% to 4%; P< 0.0001), and decreased time spent lying laterally (86% to 67%; P< 0.0001) in both control and treatment rooms. These results indicate that chilled drinking water and cooled floor pads did not affect behavior of sows during farrowing and lactation in the current study.

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