The Style of Commedia dell'Arte Acting: Observations Drawn from the Scenarios of Flaminio Scala

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Crohn Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Golden Age ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Renaissance Drama ◽  
Commedia Dell'arte ◽  
John Cage ◽  
English Drama ◽  
University Of Illinois ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Source Of Information

The only collection of commedia dell'arte scenarios to have been published in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries is that of the actor-manager Flaminio Scala, in 1611. This can serve, among other things, as a primary source of information about the style of acting in commedia dell'arte performance in its golden age, from 1570 to 1630. While English drama of the same period provides us, in the main, with only the words the actors were to have spoken, the Scala collection rarely provides us with these, but rather, with a wealth of descriptions of actions and emotions. These descriptions enable us to make inferences about the style in which they were acted – that is, about the particular way in which the stories the actors presented were said, performed, or expressed. Natalie Crohn Schmitt is Professor of Theatre, Emerita, University of Illinois at Chicago. She has published on commedia dell'arte in Viator, Renaissance Drama, and Text and Performance Quarterly, and previously in New Theatre Quarterly on Stanislavsky (NTQ 8), on theatre in its historic moment (NTQ 23), and on John Cage (NTQ 41).

Dissimulation in the Commedia dell’Arte Scenarios of Flaminio Scala, 1611

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-328
Author(s):  
Natalie Crohn Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Commedia Dell'arte ◽  
John Cage ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Considerable Part ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
University Of Illinois ◽  
Ways Of Coping ◽  
University Of Toronto

Commedia dell’arte was the most influential and widespread theatre movement in sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century Europe. A considerable part of its popularity can be accounted for by its comic representations of stressful occurrences within everyday life in early modern Europe, including its representations of the period’s widespread dissimulation. Among other things, the theatricality of commedia dell’arte provided a way for the audience briefly to dissociate itself from and to fantasize about ways of coping with dissimulation. A number of characteristics of commedia dell’arte, including disguise, lying,tricks, spying and gossip, and portrayals of honour, previously seen as separate, cohere in the concept of dissimulation. Natalie Crohn Schmitt is Professor of Theatre and of English, Emerita, University of Illinois at Chicago. She recently published Befriending the Commedia dell’Arte of Flaminio Scala: the Comic Scenarios (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2014). In New Theatre Quarterly she has published ‘Stanislavski, Creativity, and the Unconscious’ (Vol. II, No. 8); ‘Theorizing about Performance: Why Now’ (Vol. VI, No. 23);‘ “So Many Things Can Go Together”: the Theatricality of John Cage’ (Vol. XI, No. 41); and ‘The Style of Commedia dell’Arte Acting’ (Vol. XXVIII, No. 4).

REPRESENTATIONS OF POVERTY IN THE COMMEDIA DELL' ARTE

2007 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Henke
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Commedia Dell'arte ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Performance Tradition ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Mendicant Orders

This essay explores the socioeconomic resonance of Italian professional theatre in the early modern period by considering a few records of performance by indigent entertainers, and by exploring the persistent theatrical and textual presence of poverty and hunger in texts both central and adjacent to the professional actors. Whether or not a given troupe or actor directly experienced or even cared about poverty, famine, destitution, or other social issues, by the time of the commedia's “golden age” these themes had by dint of theatrical tradition and performance sedimentation become part of the actors' repertoire, much more central to their performance tradition than they were in English and Spanish early modern theatres. Partly because of the medieval legacy of the itinerant mendicant orders in Italy, the commedia dell'arte inherited a culture in which poverty, begging, itinerancy, and a certain disposition to perform degradation were in the air, and this was absorbed into the grammar of their performance. Not only were tropes and gags of hunger and destitution continually deployed in the commedia, but some of the actors assumed, for their own rhetorical purposes, the histrionic pose of destitution. In other words, whatever their professional fortunes, they “played” poverty both onstage and in their offstage personae.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Internal Shariah Audit Effectiveness: Evidence From Bahrain

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Azam Abdelhakeem Khalid Ahmed ◽  
Adel M. Sarea
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Supervisory Board ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Internal Auditing ◽  
Islamic Financial Institutions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Questionnaire Method ◽  
Audit Effectiveness ◽  
Source Of Information

It is this research’s objective to analyze factors that cause an effective internal Shariah audit among the Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) in Bahrain. The questionnaire method has been employed to examine the said topic. The questionnaire’s primary source of information was the Accounting and Auditing Organizations for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) Governance Standards. Meanwhile, the respondents are consisted of 52 IFIs’ head of internal Shariah audit department. These IFIs are registered with the Central Bank of Bahrain. To analyze those relationships the structural equation method (SEM) via SmarPLS3.0 has been adopted. The study has found that the effective execution of internal Shariah audit is positively linked with the competency and performance of internal Shariah audit. Meanwhile, the other two variables, i.e. being independent and Shariah supervisory board have been discovered to be positively related with internal Shariah audit effectiveness. Nonetheless, there is no significant contribution. Overall, all the variables contribute 63.2% to IFIs’ internal Shariah audit effectiveness. The regulatory and professional bodies may benefit from this study in their assessment of factors that result in a successful and meaningful internal auditing of Shariah matters.

Staging the Spanish Golden Age

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Jeffs
Keyword(s):  
Golden Age ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
Collaborative Model ◽  
Spanish Golden Age ◽  
Creative Processes ◽  
Collaborative Strategies ◽  
And Performance

This book offers first-hand experiences from the rehearsal room of the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 2004–5 Spanish Golden Age season in order to put forth a collaborative model for translating, rehearsing, and performing Spanish Golden Age drama. Building on the RSC season, the volume proposes translation and communication methodologies that can feed the creative processes of working actors and directors, while maintaining an ethos of fidelity with regards to the original texts. A successful theatrical ensemble thrives on the mingling of these different voices directed towards a common goal. The work carried out during this season has repercussions in the areas comedia critics debate on the page; each of the chapters engages with one area of these overlapping disciplines. Now that the Royal Shakespeare Company’s Spanish Golden Age season has closed, this book posits a model for future productions of the comedia in English, one that recognizes the need for the languages of the scholar and the theatre artist to be made mutually intelligible by the use of collaborative strategies, mediated by a consultant or dramaturg proficient in both tongues. This model applies more generally to theatrical collaborations involving a translator, writer, and director, and is intended to be useful for translation and performance processes in any language.

Nutrient supplementation among pregnant women in China: an observational study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Tao Han ◽  
Jingwen Dong ◽  
Jiangtao Zhang ◽  
Chenxiao Zhang ◽  
Yuxuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutrient Supplementation ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Source Of Information

Abstract Objective: To clarify nutrient supplementation usage and primary source of information among pregnant women in China. Design: This cross-sectional study used information on nutrient supplementation and primary source of information collected via face-to-face interviews. Data on the usage of folic acid, calcium/vitamin D, iron, vitamins, docosahexaenoic acid, and other dietary supplements were collected. Primary source of information were categorized as family/relatives, friends/co-workers, the Internet, books/magazines, television/radio, doctors, other people, and oneself. Setting: Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Chengdu, China. Participants: 1081 Chinese pregnant women aged ≥ 20 years with singleton pregnancies. Results: In all three trimesters of pregnancy, usage was highest and most stable for folic acid (81.7%), followed by vitamins (vitamin A, B-group vitamins, vitamin C, and multivitamins; 75.0%), whereas calcium/vitamin D (51.4%) and iron (18.1%) usage was low, potentially indicating a deficiency risk. All supplementation usage percentages increased with pregnancy duration (p < 0.05). Notably, approximately 10% of the pregnant women in our study did not use any nutrient supplementation, and this was especially common in early pregnancy. More than 50% of the women reported getting information on nutrient supplementation from family members, and about 30% reported getting this information from doctors. Conclusions: Among pregnant women in China, awareness about nutrient supplementation increases as the pregnancy progresses, but some types of nutrient supplementation (such as calcium/vitamin D and iron) remain at low levels. It is necessary to pay more attention to the health education of pregnant women in China, and the influence of family members should be emphasized.

The Beloved Disciple, the Fourth Evangelist, and the Authorship of the Fourth Gospel

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Thatcher
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Gospel Of John ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Fourth Gospel ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Individual ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Beloved Disciple

Discussions of the authorship of the Gospel of John must answer two questions: who is the Beloved Disciple who is portrayed as the book’s primary source of information, and how is this individual related to the author, John the evangelist? On the first question, scholars are divided on whether the Beloved Disciple is a real historical individual or an ideal symbolic figure. Data from the text itself and from social-science perspectives on the reputations of key figures from the past suggest that both are correct: the Beloved Disciple was a legendary associate of Jesus whose presentation reflects his reputation as a source of information that was critical to the Johannine theological outlook. On the second question, data suggests that the evangelist was not the Beloved Disciple but rather a disciple of that individual, perhaps basing his own book on an earlier document produced by the Beloved Disciple.

scholarly journals Covariance Structure of Compositional Tables

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Fačevicová ◽  
Karel Hron
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Covariance Structure ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Orthonormal Coordinates ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Special Case

Recent experiences with interpretation of orthonormal coordinates in compositionaldata show clearly a necessity of their better understanding in terms of logratios that formthe primary source of information within the logratio methodology. This is even morecrucial in the special case of compositional tables, where both balances and coordinateswith odds ratio interpretation are involved. The aim of the paper is to provide a decompo-sition of covariance structure of orthonormal coordinates in compositional tables in termsof logratio variances that could serve for this purpose. For their better interpretability,the formulas are also accompanied with appropriate comments and graphical illustrations,and implications for the prominent case of 2 2 compositional tables are discussed.

Influence of ethnicity, gender, and immigration status on millennials’ behavior related to seeking health information

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 621-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roofia Galeshi ◽  
Jyotsna Sharman ◽  
Jinghong Cai
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Immigration Status ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Source Of Information

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the behavior diversities that exist among young millennials’ subgroups in ways they seek health-related information. Design/methodology/approach The authors ran several sets of analyses on the 2012–2014 US Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) Data using Stata. The population was stratified into four specific subgroups based on their gender, ethnicity—blacks, Hispanics and whites—immigration status, college status—whether they were enrolled in a program of study at the time of the survey. The outcome variables were sources of health information including print (books/magazines/brochures), traditional media (Radio/TV), internet, family/friends/co-workers and health professionals. The independent variables were gender, ethnicity, educational status and immigration status. The authors utilized the appropriate sample weight derived by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development so the findings can be generalized to the populations. The analysis included several descriptive statistics and χ2 test of independence. Findings Despite similarities, young adults’ health seeking behavior is complex influenced by gender, ethnicity, immigration status and education. The results indicated that while the internet is the primary source of health-related information for all young adults, there are subtle differences in utilizing other available resources. For example while more educated young adults seek help from their family members, the less educated peers use the media to obtain health-related information. Ethnicity has also an effect on young adults’ information seeking behavior. The number of Hispanics and blacks that obtain their information from traditional media is significantly higher than their white counterparts. Research limitations/implications This study has several limitations. First, the authors did not consider the effect of young adults’ digital literacy skills, problem solving skills and numeracy skills on their health seeking approach. Including these cognitive skills could reveal key information about young adults approach to information seeking that is not apparent by race, ethnicity and gender only. Another limitation of this study is the lack of the ability to claim causation, PIAAC data are designed strictly for cross-sectional analysis. Practical implications Although, behaviors often do not change simply by presenting information, trying to change behavior without improving individuals’ understanding of the issue by providing accurate information is likely to fail. Providing standardized health-related information sources that are accessible to all is vitally important. The results indicate that while the majority of young adults use the internet as their primary source of information only a few percentage of young adults seek information from health professional. Consequently, there is a need for an easily accessible and standardized online health-related source of information. Social implications Healthcare facilities and health related industries have the resources and the ability to develop a reliable infrastructure that could potentially provide reliable information that is easy to understand and navigate for adults with a variety of literacy and skills to use. Perhaps adopting the Universal Design for Learning approach and providing information that is accessible to a variety of individuals regardless of their education, learning skills and language skills. Flexible learning resources provided within a standard infrastructure accessible to all can help individuals find trustworthy and consistent information that they can trust. Originality/value Despite the unique characteristics of the millennials and the profound change in the way young adults seek information, there is a paucity of research on the ways young adults seek health-related information. Most existing literature is based on locally developed surveys and convenient sampling with limited reliability and validity information. Consequently making a sweeping statement based on their findings is considered as hasty generalization. The PIAAC, on the other hand, is a nationally representative data, extensively examined for its validity and reliability.

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