Within-habitat heterogeneity of euglossine bee populations: a re-evaluation of the evidence

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 929-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athayde Tonhasca Jr ◽  
Jacquelyn L. Blackmer ◽  
Gilberto S. Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Habitat Heterogeneity ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Keystone Species ◽  
Sampling Station ◽  
Euglossine Bees ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Euglossine Bee ◽  
Bee Community

Euglossine bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini) are considered keystone species in the neotropics because of their role as pollinators of several plant species, particularly orchids (Dodson et al.1969, Roubik 1992). Pollination by male euglossine bees occurs when they visit flowers to collect fragrances, which may be used for courtship (Eltz et al. 1999) or attraction of other males and females (Peruquetti 2000). Synthetic products that mimic those fragrances have been used frequently in studies of euglossine bee ecology and population structure (Armbruster & McCormick 1990, Powell & Powell 1987, Roubik & Ackerman 1987). The ability of euglossine bees to disperse and find isolated flowers and distant baits (Dressler 1968, Janzen 1971) has led Janzen (1981) and Janzen et al. (1982) to suggest that bees attracted to fragrances come from a wide area that may include different habitats. According to this hypothesis, individuals collected at baiting stations are part of the same pool of bees. However, Armbruster (1993) found significant variation in the number of bees collected at nearby baiting stations, and he considered these differences as demonstration of within-habitat heterogeneity of the euglossine bee community. In Armbruster's model, results of bait collections are strongly affected by the concentration of resources in ‘hot spots’, therefore a sampling station would not necessarily represent the habitat, but only particular microhabitats.

Microsatellite population structure of Newfoundland black bears (Ursus americanus hamiltoni)

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 831-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Dawn Marshall ◽  
Edward S. Yaskowiak ◽  
Casidhe Dyke ◽  
Elizabeth A. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Ursus Americanus ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Black Bears ◽  
Postglacial Colonization ◽  
Correct Assignment ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
F Statistics

We investigated population structure of black bears ( Ursus americanus hamiltoni Cameron, 1957) from insular Newfoundland using the microsatellite profiles of 12 loci from three broadly distributed areas (Northern, Baie Verte, and Bonavista peninsulas). Our goals were to revisit earlier findings of low heterozygosity in Newfoundland and increase knowledge of intraspecific variability in black bears, and make inferences about postglacial colonization and contemporary movements of island black bears. Ninety-three individuals (42 males) were identified among 543 hair samples: 21 from Bonavista, 25 from Northern Peninsula, and 47 from Baie Verte. Genetic diversity is relatively low (HE = 0.42) and decreases from northwest to southeast. Small but significant subpopulation differentiation revealed by F statistics is greatest between Northern and Baie Verte peninsulas; it is lower and comparable in the remaining pairwise comparisons. We hypothesize that postglacial colonization proceeded from the Northern Peninsula southeastward. Bears migrated from the Northern Peninsula to Baie Verte at some more distant time in the past, then diverged by genetic drift. More recently, migration occurred from these two populations to Bonavista, characterized by positive FIS indicative of admixture. Tests of biased dispersal and posterior probability of correct assignment to locality reveal contemporary movements of both males and females with historical dispersal attributable to males.

scholarly journals Population dynamics of mantis shrimp Harpiosquilla harpax and Oratosquillina sp. in the waters south of Madura Island, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yenni Arista ◽  
ZAIRION ◽  
YUSLI WARDIATNO
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Fishery Resource ◽  
Growth Coefficient ◽  
Mantis Shrimp ◽  
Exploitation Rate ◽  
L Value ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract. Ekalaturrahmah YAC, Zairon, Wardiatno Y. 2020. Population dynamics of mantis shrimp Harpiosquilla harpax and Oratosquillina sp. in the waters south of Madura Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1458-1466. Mantis shrimps are a potential fishery resource in Indonesia, but information about their population dynamics in the southern waters of Madura is limited. This study aimed to determine the population structure, growth, life span, and rate of exploitation for two taxa of mantis shrimp (Harpiosquilla harpax and Oratosquillina sp.). The research was conducted from September 2018 to February 2019 in the southern waters of Madura. The results showed that for H. harpax the majority of males caught ranged in length between 132.50 and 139.37 mm while the majority of females were between 153.45 and 160.22 mm. For Oratosquillina sp., the majority of males caught ranged from 84.70 and 89.60 mm while the majority of females were between 89.85 and 95.30 mm. The Growth Coefficient (K) for H. harpax was estimated to be 0.65 per year for males and 0.60 per year for females; while for Oratosquillina sp. the estimates were 0.81 and 0.78 per year, respectively. The L∞ value for H. harpax males was 183.00 mm and for females 250.55 mm, while the L∞ values for Oratosquillina sp. were 112.64 mm for males and 137.02 for females. The life span of H. harpax was estimated at 5 years, while for Oratosquillina sp. it was 4 years. The exploitation rate (E) for H. harpax males and females was 0.65 and 0.67 respectively, while for Oratosquillina sp. it was 0.54 and 0.58. These estimations indicated overexploitation of the resource, particularly in the case of H. harpax.

Detecting density dependence from spatial patterns in a heterogeneous subtropical forest of central China

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 710-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yili Guo ◽  
Zhijun Lu ◽  
Qinggang Wang ◽  
Junmeng Lu ◽  
Yaozhan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Density Dependence ◽  
Habitat Heterogeneity ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Subtropical Forest ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Central China ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Level Variation

Accumulating evidence suggests that density dependence, whether at early or late life stages, is an important mechanism regulating plant population structure. However, the opposing effects of habitat heterogeneity and species-level variation might have confounded the prevalence of density dependence in natural forests. These compatible ideas were rarely considered simultaneously. In this study, we applied a spatial statistical technique to examine (i) the prevalence of density dependence at late life stages after controlling for habitat heterogeneity and (ii) the relationships between species traits and the strength of density dependence in a newly established, 25 ha subtropical mountain forest plot in central China. Of the 88 (75%) tree species analyzed, 66 were found to exhibit density dependence predominantly at very close distances among neighbors in the species-rich subtropical forest. In addition, the strength of density dependence was associated with species traits. Our findings identified strong density dependence among trees that had greater stature and were rarer. We concluded that density dependence was a prevalent mechanism for regulating the population structure of most tree species and both habitat heterogeneity and species-level variation played crucial roles in shaping the strength of density dependence in natural forests.

scholarly journals Diversity of the euglossine bee community (Hymenoptera, Apidae) of an Atlantic Forest remnant in southeastern Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme do Carmo Silveira ◽  
Anderson Machado Nascimento ◽  
Silvia Helena Sofia ◽  
Solange Cristina Augusto
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Forest Remnant ◽  
Euglossine Bee ◽  
Bee Community

Allometry and population structure of Nicolea uspiana (Polychaeta: Terebellidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 877-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R.S. Garraffoni ◽  
L.Q. Yokoyama ◽  
A.C.Z. Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Size Frequency Distribution ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Size

The relative growth and population structure of the terebellid Nicolea uspiana were investigated in the intertidal zone of a rocky shore on the south-east coast of Brazil, from May 2006 to May 2007. Eight hundred and forty-seven individuals of N. uspiana were analysed: 391 males, 163 females, and 293 immatures. Although significant differences in some morphometric parameters were found, there was no sexual dimorphism between males and females. There were differences in total length, width of segment 5, and length of the notopodial region between matures and immatures. The negative allometry of the total length in relation to five other parameters showed that this feature is a good measure for estimating the individual size, which was then used in the analysis of population structure. This population of N. uspiana showed a bimodal size–frequency distribution, with immature and mature individuals found during the entire year. This pattern indicates continuous reproduction, with each cohort growing for at least three to four months and being responsible for two consecutive settlement peaks.

Thyroxine levels in male and female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 945-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Bubenik ◽  
A. B. Bubenik
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Odocoileus Virginianus ◽  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Annual Rhythm ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Juvenile Males

Four major findings are described: (1) The episodic secretion of thyroxine in mature male white-tailed deer is most pronounced in the warmer months (June and September) and least demonstrated during the coldest months (November and January); (2) no clear annual rhythm of thyroxine was demonstrated in juvenile or mature male or mature barren female white-tailed deer. The monthly mean levels in mature males and females oscillate between 11 and 14 μg/100 ml throughout the year; (3) the seasonal levels of thyroxine in mature males are almost identical with the thyroxine levels of adult barren females; (4) the seasonal thyroxine levels of juvenile males are constantly higher than levels found in mature males. However, when these deer reach the age of 3 years, their thyroxine levels decrease to those of the adult.The collected data could serve as a tool of evaluation of population structure for wildlife management purposes.

scholarly journals Phenological Differences, Genetic Diversity, and Population Structure of Genotypes Obtained from Seeds of Kaman-1 Walnut Cultivar

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mehmet Sütyemez ◽  
Şakir Burak Bükücü ◽  
Özlem Keleş ◽  
Akide Özcan ◽  
Esra Yıldırım ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Population Structure Analysis ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽  
Issr Primers

Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a diploid (2n = 32), deciduous, monoecious, and generally open-pollinated tree with nuts of high nutrient content. In this study, the phenological differences, genetic diversity, and population structure of Kaman-1 and its 79 progenies obtained by open pollination were characterized by ISSR primers and some important phenological traits. As a result of the phenological observations, it was determined that the progenies differ significantly from Kaman-1. Besides, using ISSR primers, walnut genotypes were found to have genetic similarities ranging from 0.52 to 0.99. UPGMA cluster analysis showed that accessions from 2 different groups were classified, and population structure analysis confirmed this finding. Based on the results, a significant variation both phenologically and genetically was found within the walnut accessions. Also, this study confirmed that the progenies obtained from the Kaman-1 walnut cultivar have a quite wide variation and that ISSR primers and phenological traits are an important tool in determining genetic diversity.

scholarly journals Light dependent courtship behavior in Drosophila simulans and D. melanogaster

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9499
Author(s):  
Michael P. Shahandeh ◽  
Cameryn Brock ◽  
Thomas L. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Courtship Behavior ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Drosophila Simulans ◽  
Behavioral Variation ◽  
Wide Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Courtship Signals ◽  
Behavioral Assays

Differences in courtship signals and perception are well-known among Drosophila species. One such described difference is the dependency on light, and thus presumably vision, for copulation success. Many studies have described a difference in light-dependent copulation success between D. melanogaster and D. simulans, identifying D. simulans as a light-dependent species, and D. melanogaster as a light-independent one. However, many of these studies use assays of varying design and few strains to represent the entire species. Here, we attempt to better characterize this purported difference using 11 strains of each species, paired by collection location, in behavioral assays conducted at two different exposure times. We show that, while there is a species-wide difference in magnitude of light-dependent copulation success, D. melanogaster copulation success is, on average, still impaired in the dark at both exposure times we measured. Additionally, there is significant variation in strain-specific ability to copulate in the dark in both species across two different exposure times. We find that this variation correlates strongly with longitude in D. melanogaster, but not in D. simulans. We hypothesize that differences in species history and demography may explain behavioral variation. Finally, we use courtship assays to show that light-dependent copulation success in one D. simulans strain is driven in part by both males and females. We discuss potential differences in courtship signals and/or signal importance between these species and potential for further comparative studies for functional characterization.

Population structure of the intertidal crab Cyrtograpsus altimanus (Brachyura: Varunidae) in a northern Patagonia mussel bed

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Guadalupe Vázquez ◽  
Claudia C. Bas ◽  
Eduardo D. Spivak
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
San Antonio ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Size At Maturity ◽  
Mussel Bed ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Northern Patagonia ◽  
Intertidal Crab ◽  
Intertidal Mussel ◽  
Males And Females

The population structure, size at maturity, reproductive period, recruitment and habitat use were studied in a population of the grapsoid crab Cyrtograpsus altimanus in an intertidal mussel bed at San Antonio Bay, Argentina. Samples were taken from October 2000 to January 2002. Crabs were sized and sexed to estimate size–frequency distributions (SFD). Modal groups of males and females were the same. Growth, evidenced by the shift to right of SFD modal classes, was observed in spring, summer and autumn. Size at maturity of females varied seasonally. Ovigerous females were found in winter, spring and summer, but two discrete recruitment events (in spring and autumn) are proposed. Based on the maximum male and female sizes found in the mussel bed, a size constraint is proposed that forces large crabs to migrate to cobblestone adjacent habitats.

scholarly journals Population structure, distribution and abundance patterns of the patagonian smoothhound Mustelus schmitti Springer, 1939 (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii, Triakidae) in the rio de La Plata and inner continental shelf , sw Atlantic ocean (34º30'-39º30'S)

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Cristina Oddone ◽  
Laura Paesch ◽  
Walter Norbis ◽  
Gonzalo Velasco
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
La Plata ◽  
Abundance Patterns ◽  
Sw Atlantic ◽  
Inner Continental Shelf ◽  
Mustelus Schmitti

A total number of 4824 Mustelus schmitti was sampled. Females ranged from 25 to 93 cm in spring and from 28 to 90 cm in summer. Males ranged from 34 to 82 and from 28 to 77 cm, respectively. Length composition of the population showed significant differences between spring and summer being females larger than males. Total length distribution did not show significant differences between cruises. Males density varied significantly between cruises while for the females no significant variation was observed. In the spring cruise, both sexes occurred at depths lower than 50 m. Females occurred in the whole area with adult occurrence only above 35°30'S. Mature males occurred throughout the area, immature males occurring in two trawls in Samborombón Bay. The summer cruise showed a discontinuous distribution of the species along the study area resulting in spatial segregation in two groups with immature females predominating in both of them.

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