Reasoning about structured objects: Knowledge representation meets databases

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Baader ◽  
Martin Buchheit ◽  
Manfred A. Jeusfeld ◽  
Werner Nutt
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Computer System ◽  
Database Design ◽  
System Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Structured Objects

Structured objects are items with defined properties that are to be represented in a computer system. Research in Knowledge Representation (KR) and in Database Design (DB) has produced languages for describing structured objects. Although different in the particular means for defining properties, both areas share the goal of representing a part of the world in a structured way. Moreover, the rise of object-centred formalisms in the last decade has significantly influenced the convergence of languages.

Biography as Scenario

2018 ◽  
pp. 261-269
Author(s):  
Maria Mandrik ◽  
Sergey Arustamov
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Database Design ◽  
Knowledge Based System ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Primary Key ◽  
Descriptive Knowledge ◽  
Data Scheme

Purely descriptive knowledge appears to have a structure that can be formalized using the newly developed tool of dynamic knowledge representation, the event bush. In its framework, a singular biography can be transformed into a knowledge-based system with an opportunity of creation of a database. However, the very approach to the database design may undergo quite a change thereafter. This change may concern the concept of primary key, composition of data scheme, and other fundamental issues of database design.

Helping Close the Digital Divide for Financially Disadvantaged Seniors

2006 ◽  
pp. 165-190
Author(s):  
Al P. Mizell
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Computer System ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The World ◽  
Nova Southeastern University ◽  
Individual Participant ◽  
The Individual

The Internet has become an essential element of all society today. Those who can access the World Wide Web have become active participants in the Information Age. Unfortunately, many individuals throughout the world do not have ready access to the needed technology. Furthermore, they do not have the required knowledge and skills to use the technology and cannot participate actively. As a result, this has created a world of information haves and have-nots. In this chapter, after examining the concept of the digital divide, data is presented that shows that those with low incomes and those who are older have little access to technology and the use of computers. Low-income seniors are especially limited in their opportunities to own a computer, and they seldom have the skills needed to use one for e-mail, search the Internet, and so forth, even if they visit a public library where they could use a computer without any cost. Various approaches being used to help seniors learn how to use computers are described, andthen the chapter focuses on two projects that have proved to be successful in this effort. SeniorNet is a national organization that helps establish learning centers around the country. The approach used at one such center, located at Nova Southeastern University in South Florida, requires seniors to pay for their courses. A second project is known as SeniorComp and is supported by private foundation funds. Ten low-income senior citizens are selected for each group of seniors in this project. They are given a complete Dell computer system, and their tuition is paid to take four of the SeniorNet courses. At the end of the fourth course, ownership of the computer system is turned over to the individual participant. To date, the completion rate has been 100%. The approaches used can serve as models for others to modify and use in their own communities. By adopting a similar approach, the impact of the digital divide can be significantly reduced for those low-income seniors that participate in the project. In this way, this portion of the marginal community can be empowered.

Just-in-Time Training

2011 ◽  
pp. 1167-1174
Author(s):  
Barbara Iannarelli
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Computer System ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Training Class ◽  
School History ◽  
The World ◽  
History Class ◽  
Distant Part

Did you ever read an article on some current issues in some distant part of the world and wish you had paid closer attention in your high school history class? Did you ever purchase a sophisticated computer system and six months later find yourself in need of one of those more illusive features and wish you had taken the free training class the salesman offered? When was the last time you waited “on hold for the next available operator” to get some technical assistance for new hardware or software only to lose the connection after waiting 45 minutes? Have you ever had a graduate tell you that while on the job they wish they had kept the handout from your 422 class?

scholarly journals In Memoriam: RAYMOND REITER June 12, 1939 – September 16, 2002

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. i-ix
Author(s):  
Jack Minker
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Theorem Proving ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Research Scientist ◽  
University Of Toronto ◽  
The World ◽  
In Memoriam ◽  
The University

Raymond Reiter, Professor of computer science at the University of Toronto, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, and winner of the 1993 – IJCAI Outstanding Research Scientist Award, died September 16, 2002, after a year-long struggle with cancer. Reiter, known throughout the world as “Ray,” made foundational contributions to artificial intelligence, knowledge representation and databases, and theorem proving.

scholarly journals The Double Register of History: Situating the Forgotten Woman and Her Household in Capitalist Commodity Chains

2001 ◽  
pp. 2-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilma A. Dunaway
Keyword(s):  
World System ◽  
Commodity Chains ◽  
System Research ◽  
System Perspective ◽  
The World ◽  
Gender Inequities

By analyzing research and theoretical foci in its three major publication venues, we can judge how much attention the world-system perspective has been paying to women. After 25 years, women are only a faint ghost in the world-system perspective. In the ?rst twenty volumes of Review, less than 5 percent (16) of the articles deal with gendered exploitation, women, or households. In the ?rst ?ve volumes of the Journal of World-System Research, less than 4 percent of the articles address women’s issues.2 By 1999, PEWS had published 21 annual monographs; yet less than 5 percent of the articles in those volumes integrated women or gender inequities.

scholarly journals On Knowledge Organization

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-256
Author(s):  
Alan Gilchrist
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
End Users ◽  
Knowledge Organization ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Knowledge Models ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
The World ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Information Professionals

It is argued that because knowledge is abstract and every person has a unique perception of his environment and the properties and behaviour of its components, it follows that those people engaged in Knowledge Organization (and less directly Knowledge Representation) must base their work on physical records, which we may call carriers of information, or messages. The products based on analysis of these messages can then be considered as models of knowledge. Models are created in order to reduce complexity and to gain a clearer understanding of aspects of the world around us, but they must be continuously tested and revised in a working environment. The testing of the products of Knowledge Organization is often carried out by information scientists in their provision of information retrieval, whereas while the products of Knowledge Representation also rely on Knowledge Organization, they may be considered, to some extent, to be self-testing. It follows that much can be gained by a closer collaboration between those engaged in Knowledge Organization, Knowledge Representation and various other information professionals engaged in delivering information to end users.

Helping Close the Digital Divide for Financially Disadvantaged Seniors

2008 ◽  
pp. 2396-2402
Author(s):  
Al P. Mizell
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Computer System ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The World ◽  
Nova Southeastern University ◽  
Individual Participant ◽  
The Individual

The Internet has become an essential element of all society today. Those who can access the World Wide Web have become active participants in the Information Age. Unfortunately, many individuals throughout the world do not have ready access to the needed technology. Furthermore, they do not have the required knowledge and skills to use the technology and cannot participate actively. As a result, this has created a world of information haves and have-nots. In this chapter, after examining the concept of the digital divide, data is presented that shows that those with low incomes and those who are older have little access to technology and the use of computers. Low-income seniors are especially limited in their opportunities to own a computer, and they seldom have the skills needed to use one for e-mail, search the Internet, and so forth, even if they visit a public library where they could use a computer without any cost. Various approaches being used to help seniors learn how to use computers are described, andthen the chapter focuses on two projects that have proved to be successful in this effort. SeniorNet is a national organization that helps establish learning centers around the country. The approach used at one such center, located at Nova Southeastern University in South Florida, requires seniors to pay for their courses. A second project is known as SeniorComp and is supported by private foundation funds. Ten low-income senior citizens are selected for each group of seniors in this project. They are given a complete Dell computer system, and their tuition is paid to take four of the SeniorNet courses. At the end of the fourth course, ownership of the computer system is turned over to the individual participant. To date, the completion rate has been 100%. The approaches used can serve as models for others to modify and use in their own communities. By adopting a similar approach, the impact of the digital divide can be significantly reduced for those low-income seniors that participate in the project. In this way, this portion of the marginal community can be empowered.

Innovative Approach to Teaching Database Design through WWW

2011 ◽  
pp. 1056-1069
Author(s):  
Joanna Jedrzejowicz
Keyword(s):  
World Wide Web ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Database Design ◽  
Innovative Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
Approach To Teaching ◽  
The University

The objective of this chapter is to describe the Postcourse project, which is an e-course on database design. It can be reached via the World Wide Web and allows authorized students to create and work with their own databases placed on the university server. The system has been created from scratch, as no authoring package offered tools to interact with databases, which is the innovative feature of the project. The evaluation performed after the system had been used for two years proved that it is a valuable material for self-paced work.

Definition of a Pervasive Architecture for a Central Monitoring of Homecare Systems

2016 ◽  
pp. 412-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovani Rubert Librelotto ◽  
Leandro Oliveira Freitas ◽  
Ederson Bastiani ◽  
Cicero Ribeiro ◽  
Samuel Vizzotto
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
World Population ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Pervasive Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Pervasive System ◽  
Architecture Modeling ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
To Receive

Every year the queues in hospitals publics and privates grows due to, among others, the increasing of the world population and the delay in the patients service. This is a serious problem faced by administrators of hospitals, which believe that it is increasingly difficult to offer a service of quality to those who search for them. One of the ways to decrease these queues is through the development of homecare systems that allow the patient to receive the clinic treatment directly in his house. The development of these kinds of systems would help to decrease the queues and consequently, would improve the attendance of those who goes to the hospitals looking for assistance. Considering this, this work has as main purpose to present the architecture modeling of a pervasive system to be applied in homecare environments. The pervasive systems developed from this modeling aim to improve the services provided by healthcare professionals in the treatment of patients that are located in their houses. The architecture proposed by the methodology uses concepts of pervasive computing to provide access to information any- time and wherever the user is, once that a homecare environment has a high level of dynamicity. The knowledge representation of the homecare environment needed in the modeling of the architecture is made through ontologies due to the possibility of reuse of the information stored, as well as the interoperability of information among different computational devices. To validate the proposed methodology, we present two use cases, which are also used to demonstrate the workflow of the pervasive system of homecare.

Qualitative and Quantitative Formalisms for Knowledge Representation in the Theory of Multitudes

2018 ◽  
pp. 32-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyril Pshenichny
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Set Theory ◽  
Formal Method ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Logical System ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The World

The theory of multitudes pretends to be an alternative to virtually all existing versions of the set theory and claims to better handle the knowledge about changing and evolving world. Then, by analogy, one may expect an original logical system based on the theory of multitudes, and within this logic, an authentic calculus. This chapter presents such calculus. Moreover, a new mathematical methodology can be developed on top of it, which together with the underlying logic, should clearly separate qualitative and quantitative, static and dynamic concerns and offer a formal method to proceed from representation of expert knowledge to modeling the world this knowledge is about.

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