DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF ORAL AND WRITTEN CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK IN THE ESL CLASSROOM

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Younghee Sheen
Keyword(s):  
First Language ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Written Corrective Feedback ◽  
Grammatical Accuracy ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
English Articles ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
And Control

This article examines whether there is any difference between the effect of oral and written corrective feedback (CF) on learners’ accurate use of English articles. To this end, the current research presents the results of a quasi-experimental study with a pretest, immediate-posttest, delayed-posttest design, using 12 intact intermediate English-as-a-second-language classes with adult learners of various first language backgrounds. Five groups were formed: oral recasts (n= 26), oral metalinguistic (n= 26), written direct correction (n= 31), written direct metalinguistic (n= 32), and control (n= 28). All four experimental groups completed two 30-min communicative narrative tasks. For the oral CF groups, students were asked to retell a story during which CF was provided. For the written CF groups, students were first asked to rewrite a story and then given CF. The acquisition of English articles was measured by means of a speeded dictation test, a written narrative test, and an error correction test. One-way ANOVAs with post hoc comparisons indicated that all CF groups, except for oral recasts, significantly outperformed the control group in the immediate and delayed posttests. These findings show that, whereas implicit oral recasts that involve article errors were not facilitative to learning, the other CF types were effective in helping learners improve the grammatical accuracy of English articles irrespective of language analytic ability. Overall, these results suggest that the degree of explicitness of both oral and written CF—rather than the medium in which the CF is provided—is the key factor that influences CF effectiveness.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Direct and Indirect Written Corrective Feedback on English Collocation Competency: A Quasi – Experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Abang Fhaeizdhyall
Keyword(s):  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Written Corrective Feedback ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group A ◽  
And Control ◽  
Esl Learners ◽  
Positive Effect

The primary aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of direct and indirect written corrective feedback (WCF) on English collocational competency of high-performing ESL learners. The study also sought to compare possible differences in the effect of two WCF strategies that help the researcher in identifying the appropriate WCF strategy in improving learners’ collocational competency in the context of the study. Additionally, retention effect of WCF is also investigated in delayed post-tests. Eighty-eight high-performing ESL learners of a public university participated in the quasi-experimental study of two experimental groups and one control group. A series of test namely pre-test, immediate post-test and delayed post-test was administered to collect the data. The groups are labelled ‘Direct group’ that received direct WCF treatment (n=33), ‘Indirect group’ that received indirect WCF (n=25), and ‘Control group’ that received no treatment (n=25). A set of collocation test that was developed by Gyllstad (2009) was adopted and a pilot test was conducted prior to the actual study. The participants were tested in three point of time (pre-test, immediate post-test, and delayed post-test). The findings indicate that there is a positive effect of direct and indirect WCF strategies on collocational competence. Furthermore, direct WCF has the most effect in improving collocational competency of the participants. Finally, both WCF strategies are proven statistically in retaining their effects as demonstrated in the results of delayed post-test. Suggestion for future studies are also discussed.

The relative effects of metalinguistic explanation and direct written corrective feedback on children’s grammatical accuracy in new writing

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Gorman ◽  
Rod Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Present Perfect ◽  
Written Corrective Feedback ◽  
Grammatical Accuracy ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Metalinguistic Knowledge ◽  
Group 1

Abstract There has been little research investigating the effects of form-focused instruction (FFI) on the second language acquisition of children. This article reports a quasi-experimental study of integrated form-focused instruction for 33 children aged 9–12 years. They completed four dictogloss tasks designed to elicit the use of the Present Perfect Tense and received instruction consisting of either explicit metalinguistic explanation (group 1), direct written correction (group 2) or no form-focused instruction (the comparison group) between performing the tasks. Accuracy in the production of the target structure across the four tasks was variable and showed no improvement from the first to the last. Nor were there any statistically significant differences in accuracy among the three groups. The results support some earlier studies of young children (e.g. Fazio, 2001) that have failed to show that FFI benefits young children. This may be because children fail to make use of their metalinguistic knowledge of grammatical features when undertaking meaning-focused writing tasks.

scholarly journals The Effects of Corrective Feedback on Chinese Learners’ Writing Accuracy: A Quantitative Analysis in an EFL Context

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Xin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Grammar Instruction ◽  
College Level ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
L2 Learners ◽  
Grammatical Accuracy ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Writing Accuracy

Scholars debate whether corrective feedback contributes to improving L2 learners’ grammatical accuracy in writingperformance. Some researchers take a stance on the ineffectiveness of corrective feedback based on theimpracticality of providing detailed corrective feedback for all L2 learners and detached grammar instruction inlanguage classrooms. On the other hand, many researchers promote the efficacy and significance of the role playedby corrective feedback in the process of L2 writing. This research employs a quasi-experimental design andexamines two major issues: (1) the extent to which CF facilitates or improves students’ writing accuracy; (2) students’expectations and preferences for CF. The research consists of 105 college level EFL learners from three intact classesin an Eastern Chinese University. One class was assigned to the control group which only received comments oncontent of their writing. The other two classes were then assigned to each of the two experimental groups whichreceived indirect or direct CF. Data collection includes student text/error analysis, treatments (i.e., provision ofcorrective feedback), examination of tests (i.e., pretest, posttest and delayed posttest), and questionnaires. Within aresearch period of ten weeks, this study did not reveal statistically significant group differences between the two CFgroups and the control group on overall error reduction. However, students believed CF was important and beneficial,although there is contradiction between what the students believed and their teachers’ actual practices in theclassroom. Pedagogical recommendations for EFL teachers are also discussed.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF FORM-FOCUSED PRACTICE AND FEEDBACK ON CHINESE EFL LEARNERS’ ACQUISITION OF REGULAR AND IRREGULAR PAST TENSE FORMS

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingli Yang ◽  
Roy Lyster
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chinese Learners ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group A ◽  
Improving Accuracy ◽  
The University ◽  
Post Hoc

Conducted in English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) classrooms at the university level in China, this quasi-experimental study compared the effects of three different corrective feedback treatments on 72 Chinese learners’ use of regular and irregular English past tense. Three classes were randomly assigned to a prompt group, a recast group, or a control group and then participated in form-focused production activities that elicited the target forms. In the two feedback groups, teachers consistently provided one type of feedback (i.e., either recasts or prompts) in response to learners’ errors during the activities, whereas in the control group, the teacher provided feedback only on content. Pretests, immediate posttests, and delayed posttests administered 2 weeks after the treatment assessed participants’ acquisition of regular and irregular past tense forms in both oral and written production. Comparisons of group means across testing sessions using a repeated-measures ANOVA consistently revealed large effects for time. Post hoc within-group analyses of the eight immediate- and delayed-posttest measures revealed significant gains by the prompt group on all eight measures, the recast group on four, and the control group on three. The effects of prompts were larger than those of recasts for increasing accuracy in the use of regular past tense forms, whereas prompts and recasts had similar effects on improving accuracy in the use of irregular past tense forms.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Search, Solve, Create, and Share dan Predict Observe Explain terhadap Hasil Belajar Biologi Siswa Kelas VIII SMPN 1 Gondangrejo Karanganyar Tahun Ajaran 2013/2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Djumadi Djumadi ◽  
Erfan Budi Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Learning Model ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
The Third ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
And Control

This study has objectives (1) to know the effect of SSCS learning model and POE toward the achievement of students learning biology, (2) the difference between the achievement of students learning biology using SSCS learning model and POE. This is quasi experimental research with randomized subjects posttest only control group design. The population are three classes randomly selected from SMP Negeri 1 Gondangrejo Karanganyar 2013/2014. The first class, VIIID, is thaught by POE learning model. The second class is SSCS learning model, and the third, as control class, is thaught by variative lecturing. Data are collected by test, quessionaire, observation, and documentation.Then data are analysed by validity, reliability, difficulty test index. The results are (1) there is an effect of SSCS learning model and POE toward the achievement of students learning biology at three aspects: cognitive, affective and psychomotoric. It can be seen on the average of students learning achievement at experiment class and control class with the significance value < 0,05. The proceed result of anova Post Hoc test Scheffe indicates that there is a difference the achievement of students learning biology using SSCS learning model and POE at affective and psichomototic domain, but it does not happen in cognitive domain. The conclusion is (1) there is an effect of the achievement of students learning biology using SSCS learning model and POE, (2) SSCS learning model is more effective than POE.

scholarly journals The Effect Of Indirect Coded Versus Indirect Non-Coded Corrective Feedback On Improving Students’ Grammatical Accuracy Of EFL Writing Class

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 619-630
Author(s):  
Maksimilianus Doi ◽  
Fransiskus Maria Separ ◽  
Febe F. Irawati Wanggai
Keyword(s):  
English Literature ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Content Organization ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Grammatical Accuracy ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Control

The aimed at investigating the effectiveness of indirect coded CF and indirect non-coded CF on improving grammatical accuracy at the fourth semester students of English Literature Study Program Flores University in 2013/2014. This research was quasi-experiment with pre-test-post-test non-equivalent design. As the sample, 54 students in three intact classes with 18 students of each class were randomly assigned to three groups; indirect coded CF, indirect non-coded CF, and control groups. Free writing was the major source of data. The scoring scheme adopted based on the five categories; content, organization, vocabulary, language use, and mechanics. The instrument reliability was assessed by the inter-rater technique. ANCOVA was to analyze data continued by post-hoc Scheffe. The upshots denote that (1) indirect-coded CF and indirect non-coded CF have a significant difference of effectiveness on grammatical accuracy in the second draft with self editing strategy: (2) indirect coded CF is more effective than indirect non-coded CF, and that of control group in the second draft with self-editing strategy; (3) indirect coded CF and indirect non-coded CF have a significant different in a new draft; (4) indirect coded CF is more effective than indirect non-coded CF, and that of control group in a new draft

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF WRITTEN CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK STRATEGIES ON COLLOCATION ERRORS OF LOW-PERFORMING ESL LEARNERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Abang Fhaeizdhyall ◽  
Collin Jerome
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Grammatical Aspect ◽  
Written Corrective Feedback ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Feedback Strategies ◽  
Esl Learners ◽  
Grammatical Structures

The studies on error correction have been laying their emphasis on grammatical structures of the language with lack of focus on non-grammatical aspect such as lexical collocation. Therefore, this study aims at investigating the effect of direct and indirect written corrective feedback on low-performing ESL learners. Ninety-two students of a public university involved in the study. Three intact groups that have equal proficiency were identified at the beginning of the university’s academic term. A quasi-experimental design was employed with two experimental groups receiving indirect WCF and direct WCF separately, and a control group deprived of any treatment. The groups were measured in three different time points with pre-test before the intervention, immediate post-test after the intervention, and delayed post-test to measure retention effect. One-way ANOVA and repeated-measures ANOVA were used to measure the effect. The findings reveal that significant differences were detected in immediate post-tests of direct and indirect WCF groups which indicate that both WCF strategies can enhance participants’ collocational competency. Additionally, the findings also show that direct WCF strategy greatly affects participants collocation errors despite both groups performed better than the control group. This study demonstrates that retention effect was detected in the group that received direct WCF while the indirect WCF group was not able to retain - in delayed post-test. Recommendation is also discussed for Future directions of studies.Â

scholarly journals Effects of Written Corrective Feedback on Explicit and Implicit Knowledge

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 74-85
Author(s):  
Mitra Samiei ◽  
Tam Shu Sim
Keyword(s):  
Explicit Knowledge ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Implicit Knowledge ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Past ◽  
Written Corrective Feedback ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

This study is an examination of the effect of the different degrees of explicitness of written corrective feedback (WCF) on implicit and explicit knowledge of the target structure (past simple tense) in the short term and long term. There were four experimental groups including a control group, in this quasi-experimental study which received different degrees of explicit WCF. This study sought to investigate whether or not written corrective feedback could also be effective in targeting the problematic error category in the texts of FL writers. Past simple test was known as the problematic structure based on the result of the pre-test, though their level of proficiency was intermediate. It was found that both metalinguistic and direct WCF could affect the participants’ explicit knowledge of the past simple tense in the short term and long term; the indirect WCF on the other hand, could only affect the explicit knowledge in the short term and the reformulation was the only kind of WCF that did not have any effect on the explicit knowledge of the past simple tense. Moreover, all the experimental groups’ implicit knowledge improved in the short term; however, this improvement was sustained in the long term for the metalinguistic and indirect groups only. Journal of NELTA, Vol. 21, No. 1-2, 2016, Page:74-85

Effect of Teachers’ Written Corrective Feedback on Saudi EFL University Students’ Writing Achievements

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sultan H. Alharbi
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
English Language ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
King Saud University ◽  
Written Corrective Feedback ◽  
Efl Students ◽  
And Control ◽  
Positive Effect

<p class="2"><span lang="X-NONE">The current study aims to examine the effect of teachers’ written corrective feedback (CF) on male Saudi EFL university students’ writing achievements. It also attempts to explore how these Saudi EFL students perceive their teachers’ CF. The sample of the current study comprised of 50 student participants chosen at random from the Department of English Language and Translation (DELT) in the College of Languages and Translation (COLT) at King Saud University (KSU). The students were distributed into two groups: experimental group (n=25) and control group (n=25). Data were gathered over a 10-week period through a pre-/posttest design for comparable groups. The results indicated that the students in the experiment group achieved better than the students in the control group on the measure, indicating that teachers’ written CF had a significant positive effect on participants’ writing achievements. The results also indicated that the participants revealed a positive attitude toward teachers’ written CF. The study concludes with the limitations and implications of the findings as well as recommendations for future research.</span></p>

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