Facilitation of semantic comprehension at the one-word stage of language development

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet J. Fritz ◽  
George J. Suci
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Test Series ◽  
Simple Sentence ◽  
Visual Events ◽  
Development Of Language ◽  
The One ◽  
Semantic Comprehension

Early in the development of language, children must learn to relate the language they hear to objects and events in their immediate perceptual environment. Gilmore (1977) found that infants at the two-word stage of language production and, under certain conditions, some infants at the one-word stage as well, seemed to map a simple sentence (e.g. The bunny hugs the kitty) onto a visual event (which, for example, showed a puppet rabbit hugging a puppet cat). In Gilmore's experiment, a habituation series of trials, presenting either appropriate pairings of a variety of sentences with visual events (as in the above example), or inappropriate pairings (e.g. The kitty hugs the bunny, when, in fact, the reverse was true) were presented repeatedly until subjects habituated. A test series of trials followed with an inappropriate/appropriate pairing, whichever was not used during habituation. Two-word subjects seemed to discriminate between the test and habituation pairings in either case. One-word subjects seemed to discrimi- nate only when they received the appropriate pairing during habituation and the inappropriate during the test.

Prelinguistic predictors of language development in children with autism spectrum disorders over four–five years

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAREN D. BOPP ◽  
PAT MIRENDA
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Growth Curve Modeling ◽  
Curve Modeling ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Development Of Language

ABSTRACTThis study examined relationships between prelinguistic variables from the MacArthur-Bates CDI and the development of language comprehension and production in children with autism. Forty-four children were assessed at baseline and 6, 12, 24, 33 and 53 months later. Growth Curve Modeling was used to examine the extent to which three composite CDI variables and three CDI item groupings predicted language development over 4–5 years. When examined individually, prespeech and early gestures were significant predictors of change for both comprehension and production, but late gestures were not. In addition, initiating joint attention and games and routines predicted comprehension and production over 4–5 years, and conventional gestures also predicted production. When all factors were considered simultaneously, children's ability to participate in games and routines was the only significant predictor of language production over time. The results are discussed with regard to their implications for understanding the complex factors that affect developmental outcomes.

New Car, Same Principles: Using Language Development Theories to Drive the Design of Supportive Augmentative and Alternative Communication System Interfaces

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 40-54
Author(s):  
Jamie B. Boster ◽  
Joann P. Benigno ◽  
John W. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Developmental Theory ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Complex Communication Needs ◽  
Communication Devices ◽  
Development Of Language ◽  
Communication Needs ◽  
System Interfaces ◽  
Language Content

Innovations in technology have resulted in increased use of tablets, mobile devices, and applications as augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems for children with complex communication needs (CCN). Although research has been conducted on the specific characteristics of AAC technologies, many interfaces remain replications of prior communication devices with little consideration of the features of newer platforms. A greater concern is that these interfaces may not be based on empirical evidence or derived from key developmental language theories. As such, these interfaces may place additional demands on children with CCN instead of supporting their development of language content, form, and use. The purpose of this paper is to discuss potential interface supports for AAC systems that capitalize on current technologies and draw upon key tenets of developmental theory.

Predictions of Actions and Their Justifications in False-Belief Tasks: The Role of Executive Function

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Putko ◽  
Agata Złotogórska
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Mental States ◽  
False Belief ◽  
Current Location ◽  
False Belief Tasks ◽  
Development Of Language

Abstract The main objective of this study was to examine whether children’s ability to justify their action predictions in terms of mental states is related, in a similar way as the ability to predict actions, to such aspects of executive function (EF) as executive control and working memory. An additional objective was to check whether the frequency of different types of justifications made by children in false-belief tasks is associated with aforementioned aspects of EF, as well as language. The study included 59 children aged 3-4 years. The ability to predict actions and to justify these predictions was measured with false-belief tasks. Luria’s hand-game was used to assess executive control, and the Counting and Labelling dual-task was used to assess working memory capacity. Language development was controlled using an embedded syntax test. It was found that executive control was a significant predictor of the children’s ability to justify their action predictions in terms of mental states, even when age and language were taken into account. Results also indicated a relationship between the type of justification in the false-belief task and language development. With the development of language children gradually cease to justify their action predictions in terms of current location, and they tend to construct irrelevant justifications before they begin to refer to beliefs. Data suggest that executive control, in contrast to language, is a factor which affects the development of the children’s ability to justify their action predictions only in its later phase, during a shift from irrelevant to correct justifications.

Perkembangan Bahasa Anak Usia 12 Hingga 24 Bulan di Semarang

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Marini Marini ◽  
Khasanah Khasanah
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Model Checking ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Development Of Language

Abstract The  problem  of this research is : How is the language development of children age 12 to 24 months in Semarang ?. The purpose of this study is to describe widely and deeply about language development the children age 12 to 24 in Semarang. The method used in this research is qualitative method. Data collection is done by observation, interviews, and questionnaire. Data analysis techniques using Miles Hubermen’s model. Checking the validity of the data using triangulation data. The results showed that the development of language of children aged 12 to 24 months in Semarang in expressive is: can produce sound almost perfect in several words; Some of the letters of the words missing from the pronunciation; The missing letters are usually consonants; Haven't been able to pronounce the letter s and r; In General, most people are able to understand the speech of the children is an adult who is close to the child; There is a word that can be spelled perfectly by the child. The words are by and large is the words that are simple and close to the children's daily lives. As for the generally receptive: children can follow and obey what is spoken by adults; The children seem to understand when the adults were talking about them; and children  can understand  to the words that they  heard more than that they can speak.   Keywords: Language, children, expressive, receptive, word.    

scholarly journals Learners as teachers? An evaluation of peer interaction and correction in a German Language MOOC

2019 ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Clifford ◽  
Christine Pleines ◽  
Hilary Thomas ◽  
Susanne Winchester
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Peer Interaction ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Massive Open Online Courses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mixed Method Study ◽  
Culture Of Learning ◽  
The One ◽  
Meaningful Interaction

The benefits of peer interaction, support, and feedback in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) for Languages (LMOOCs) are well documented, but there has been little research on peer correction in MOOCs. Classroom-based research suggests that peer corrective feedback has significant potential for language development, but it also identifies a number of conditions for the feedback to be effective, notably a ‘positive classroom atmosphere’; this may be hard to achieve on a MOOC, with its diverse cohort and large number of participants. Our mixed-method study reveals participants’ conflicting expectations of learning from their peers on the one hand and actively contributing to their peers’ learning on the other. Most participants believe they are not competent to provide helpful corrective feedback, and some think that the expectation to correct creates unwanted pressure and hinders communication. This paper encourages MOOC educators to address the challenge of creating a culture of learning through meaningful interaction whilst also finding ways of exploiting the opportunities offered by constructive peer correction.

scholarly journals Perkembangan Bahasa Anak dan Implikasinya dalam Pembelajaran

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
M. Syahran Jailani
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Social Relationship ◽  
Essential Factor ◽  
Development Of Language

This article aims to discuss the importance of language, where language is the ability to communicate with others. Language is an essential factor that distinguishes humans from animals. Language is closely related to individual thinking development. The development of individual thinking appears in the development of language, namely the ability to form understanding, compile opinions and draw conclusions. Whereas, development is a process that must be experienced by each individual, this development is qualitative and related to maturity and systematic. Language development in children is very important because through language, children can express thoughts, so that others understand it and create a social relationship. So, it is not surprising that language is considered as an indicator of a child's success

Parents' Perceptions about the Role of Hearing in the Development of Language and Speech in Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shukrije Baruti ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Schools ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Hearing Impairments ◽  
Development Of Language

The purpose of this research was to understand the perceptions of parents on the difficulties of children in language development and speech when they also have hearing impairments. The research focused on three cities in Kosovo, Gjilan, Prishtina and Prizren. Respondents of this research are 60 parents of children with hearing impairments, of the mentioned high schools. The questionnaire measured the opinions of parents regarding the topic we have for research, primary schools in the municipalities of Gjilan, Pristina and Prizren that are participants in this research. This questionnaire included 29 questions. In conclusion, it is understood that the lower the level of hearing in children, the lower is the development of language and speech in children, p <0.01, r = -531 **.

Communication and Language Development of Young Children With Autism: A Review of Research in Music

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Potheini Vaiouli ◽  
Georgia Andreou
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Young Children With Autism ◽  
Development Of Language ◽  
Therapy Interventions

Research demonstrates connections among children’s music actions, their engagement abilities, and their language development. Although the link between music and the engagement abilities of young children with autism is well established, there is not enough evidence on the effectiveness of music strategies and music therapy interventions to promote language development of young children with autism. The purpose of this review is to examine and analyze current literature on the systematic use of music and music therapy interventions as effective strategies for the development of language and preverbal and verbal communication abilities in young children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Findings align with previous reviews on the positive effects of music as an age-appropriate, communicative medium. Also, the review pinpoints to the collaboration of music therapists and speech and language pathologists for the design and implementation of interventions that embed music and target language development of young children with autism.

Attentional priority of the agent in the acquisition of word reference

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Grace ◽  
George J. Suci
Keyword(s):  
Language Production ◽  
Nonsense Word ◽  
Event Perception ◽  
Word Acquisition ◽  
Response Recovery ◽  
The One ◽  
Modification Condition

ABSTRACTThe role of agent priority in event perception in word acquisition was investigated using 24 infants at the one-word stage of language production. Nonsense words were presented in narrations referring to agent, recipient or stationary nonsense puppet-actors in filmed events. The nonsense stimuli along with a sense word referring to a sense puppet were presented in a habituation series. Word acquisition was measured by the extent of response recovery to an incorrect pairing of a nonsense word with a sense referent, and by the number of infants accurately choosing named puppets. Both measures were significantly greater for puppets in agent roles than for other puppets. A speech modification condition (exaggerated intonation with repetition) held attention longer but did not facilitate acquisition.

scholarly journals The influence of code-mixing and speaker information on perception and assessment of foreign language proficiency: An experimental study

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Berthele
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Assessment Scores ◽  
Swiss German ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Other Information ◽  
The One ◽  
Academic Potential

The study draws on different lines of research on the influence of social and other information on the evaluation of language production in school contexts. On the one hand, names or other background information is well known to influence teachers and other gatekeepers’ evaluations, and on the other hand, code-switching and other non-standard features in pupils’ language production are also known to affect assessment outcomes not only of linguistic skills but also of general academic potential. Taking into account these two research traditions, this study investigates the influence of different ethnically marked names and code-switches on teachers’ evaluations of pupils’ oral proficiency in French as a foreign language. Three authentic oral texts were rerecorded once by inserting German words and once without such inserts. Additionally, these samples were presented either as stemming from a bilingual Swiss German native or from a multilingual Swiss-German Serbian boy. A total of 157 future teachers rated the speech samples with respect to different dimensions (fluency, correctness, but also the pupil’s academic potential in general). The analyses provide evidence for positive and negative stereotyping of the Serbian first name, and there is also an unexpected interaction with code-mixing into German: without insertional mixing, the texts with a Balkan name are perceived as being superior, but with such mixing this superiority is lost and turns into significantly lower assessment scores.

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