Spanish diminutives in mother–child conversations

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
GIGLIANA MELZI ◽  
KENDALL A. KING
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Age Patterns ◽  
Early Acquisition

The present study examined gender and age patterns of diminutive use in conversations between 32 Spanish-speaking Peruvian mothers and their three- and five-year-old children. Results confirm previous findings concerning both parents' greater use of diminutives with younger children and children's early acquisition of this complex aspect of morphology. However, findings do not support previous studies on gender differences in parental use of diminutives with young children. Results also revealed that mothers' and children's imitations of their interlocutors' diminutized words promoted their interlocutors' overall diminutive use. This finding highlights the acute sensitivity of both speakers to each others' language and the potential role of imitation in older children's language development.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Identities and Their Sociostructural Correlates: How Gendered Lives Shape Parental and Work Identities

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (13) ◽  
pp. 1852-1877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Gaunt ◽  
Jacqueline Scott
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Work Identity ◽  
Dual Earner ◽  
Identity Centrality ◽  
Parental Identity ◽  
Moderating Role

This study draws on identity theory to explore parental and work identities. It examined gender differences in identities, as well as the moderating role of gender in the effects of individuals’ sociostructural characteristics. A sample of 148 couples with young children completed extensive questionnaires. As hypothesized, couples’ paid-work strategy moderated gender differences in the salience and centrality of parental and work identities. Whereas significant differences in identities were found between stay-at-home mothers and their breadwinning husbands, no differences were found among dual-earner couples. Moreover, men’s work identity centrality increased when they had more and younger children, whereas women’s work identity centrality decreased. Finally, men’s parental identity centrality increased with their income, whereas women’s parental identity centrality decreased the more they earned. These findings attest to the importance of examining differences within as well as between genders, by taking into account the interactive effects of gender with other sociostructural characteristics.

scholarly journals Gender differences in audio-vestibular disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 205873842092917
Author(s):  
Virginia Corazzi ◽  
Andrea Ciorba ◽  
Piotr Henryk Skarżyński ◽  
Magdalena B Skarżyńska ◽  
Chiara Bianchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Vestibular Disorders ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Vestibular Tests ◽  
Medical Disciplines ◽  
The Relationship

In the last years, the attention to the role of gender in physiopathology and pharmacology of diseases in several medical disciplines is rising; however, the data on the relationship between gender and audio-vestibular disorders are still inconclusive and sometimes confusing. With this letter to the editor, we would like to review the role of gender in audio-vestibular disorders. Literature data show that anatomic variances of the inner ear do exist in men and women and that the different physiology and/or hormonal influence between genders could produce different clinical outcome of routine audiological and vestibular tests. Beyond the epidemiological gender-related differences, the clinical data suggest that the gender has a potential role as an etiopathogenetic factor in audio-vestibular disorders and it is probably responsible for the different clinical features observed between male and female subjects.

What Regulates Gratitude Response of Women and Men? The Role of the Received Good, Psychosocial Factors, and Repayment

2018 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna E. Preś ◽  
Jacek Kurpisz ◽  
Justyna Pełka-Wysiecka ◽  
Katarzyna Adamowicz ◽  
Daria Suchecka-Fidura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Good Material ◽  
Quasi Experimental

This paper touches upon gender differences concerning psychosocial factors related to the emotional reaction of gratitude and forms of expressing gratitude in quasi-experimental conditions. It is based on findings from a study conducted on 576 participants of both sexes, aged 14 to 86 years. There were used three versions of the same questionnaire, depending on the type of the received good—material, intangible, or none. The participants’ gratitude level (as a trait), self-esteem, and emotional intelligence were measured. The findings revealed that women and young adults experience the highest levels of gratitude. Gender and age significantly differentiated the preferred ways of showing gratitude. Gratitude level was found to be positively correlated with self-esteem, emotional intelligence, and readiness to help people—both the benefactor and others. Getting an intangible good was associated with the strongest urge to reciprocate the benefactor. The preferred way of showing gratitude significantly varied between the investigated groups.

Gender Differences in the Endotoxin-Induced Inflammatory and Vascular Responses: Potential Role of Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Activation

2005 ◽  
Vol 315 (2) ◽  
pp. 812-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon G. Mabley ◽  
Eszter M. Horváth ◽  
Kanneganti G. K. Murthy ◽  
Zsuzsanna Zsengellér ◽  
Anne Vaslin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Vascular Responses

Potential Role of Intrapulmonary Shunting in the Genesis of Hypoxemic Episodes in Infants and Young Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian F. Poets ◽  
Martin P. Samuels ◽  
David P. Southall
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Intrapulmonary Shunting ◽  
Infants And Young Children

A number of physiologic phenomena during some apneic/cyanotic episodes in infants and young children cannot be explained sufficiently on the basis of a cessation or reduction in aveolar ventilation alone. These include (1) the extremely rapid development of hypoxemia during some episodes, (2) the occurrence of hypoxemic episodes despite continuous ventilation, (3) differences in the speed of desaturation between different forms of apneic episodes, (4) the presence of continued breathing efforts and yet absent airflow despite bypass of the upper airway, and (5) evidence that apnea and hypoxemia may begin simultaneously. Potential mechanisms to explain these phenomena include the sudden development of an unevenness in the matching between ventilation and lung perfusion, the flow of blood through unventilated areas of lung, and a sudden impairment in gas diffusion. Evidence from physiological and morphological studies suggests that all of these mechanisms, although to a different extent, may be involved in apneic/cyanotic episodes. The recognition that nonapneic mechanisms can cause sudden profound hypoxemia may alter our approach to the identification, treatment, and prevention of these episodes.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Beliefs about Infant-Directed Speech: The Role of Family Dynamics

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelia M. Kennison ◽  
Jennifer Byrd-Craven
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Family Dynamics ◽  
Infant Care ◽  
Verbal Interaction ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Relationship

The research investigated the relationship between family dynamics and the beliefs about the benefits of talking to infants. Prior research has shown that language development is enhanced by verbal interaction with others. We tested two hypotheses: (a) men may view talking to infants as less beneficial than women and (b) one’s relationships with parents would be related to the extent to which young adults view talking to infants as beneficial. In a study with 301 undergraduates (181 women, 120 men), we confirmed both hypotheses, showing that (a) men were less likely than women to view talking to infants as beneficial and (b) for both men and women, the more negative their relationship with their mother, the less likely they were to view talking to infants as beneficial. Implications for infant care are discussed.

The role of morphophonological regularity in young Spanish-speaking children's production of gendered noun phrases

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-776
Author(s):  
BRITTANY A. LINDSEY ◽  
LOUANN GERKEN
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Congruity Effect ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
English Bilingual ◽  
High Predictability

ABSTRACTAdult Spanish speakers generally know which form a determiner preceding a noun should have even if the noun is not in their lexicon, because Spanish demonstrates high predictability between determiner form and noun form (la noun-a and el noun-o). We asked whether young children learning Spanish are similarly sensitive to the correlation of determiner and noun forms, or whether they initially learn determiner–noun pairings one-by-one. Spanish–English bilingual children and adults repeated Spanish words and non-words preceded by gender congruous and incongruous determiners. If children learn determiner–noun pairings one-by-one, they should show a gender congruity effect only for words. In contrast with this prediction, both children and adults demonstrated congruity effects for words and non-words, indicating sensitivity to correlated morphophonological forms. Furthermore, both age groups showed more facility in producing phrases with nouns ending in -a, which are more frequent and predictable from the preceding determiner.

The who, when and where of early narratives

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Very Young Children ◽  
Parental Scaffolding

ABSTRACTTo be well understood, narratives need to be embedded within appropriate contextual information. The early development of key orientation (participants, location and time) was traced with an 18-month longitudinal study of real-experience narratives produced by 10 children aged approximately 2–3; 6. Listener knowledge or inference was required to decode most named participants and many were not specified at all. There was no developmental improvement. Orientation to when was rare at first and involved formula words indiscriminately applied. There was steady developmental improvement in frequency as well as differentiation of time references. where information was more common at all ages, particularly when the narrated events occurred away from home. It also showed developmental improvement, but only for away-from-home locations. Overall, very young children can produce narratives in an unscaffolded context to adults unfamiliar with their experiences. The potential role of parental scaffolding in teaching orientation skills is discussed.

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