scholarly journals Measuring productive vocabulary of toddlers in low-income families: concurrent and predictive validity of three sources of data

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
BARBARA ALEXANDER PAN ◽  
MEREDITH L. ROWE ◽  
ELIZABETH SPIER ◽  
CATHERINE TAMIS-LEMONDA
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Parental Report ◽  
Communicative Development ◽  
Language Assessments ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Language Measures

This study examined parental report as a source of information about toddlers' productive vocabulary in 105 low-income families living in either urban or rural communities. Parental report using the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory – Short Form (CDI) at child age 2;0 was compared to concurrent spontaneous speech measures and standardized language assessments, and the utility of each source of data for predicting receptive vocabulary at age 3;0 (Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test) was evaluated. Relations between language measures of interest and background variables such as maternal age, education, and race/ethnicity were also considered. Results showed that for the sample as a whole, parental report was moderately associated with other language measures at age 2;0 and accounted for unique variance in PPVT at age 3;0, controlling for child language skills derived from a standard cognitive assessment. However, predictive validity differed by community, being stronger in the rural than in the urban community. Implications of significant differences in background characteristics of mothers in the two sites are discussed.

scholarly journals Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Skills and Their Correlates in Mandarin-Speaking Infants with Unrepaired Cleft Lip and/or Palate

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3015
Author(s):  
Si-Wei Ma ◽  
Li Lu ◽  
Ting-Ting Zhang ◽  
Dan-Tong Zhao ◽  
Bin-Ting Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vocabulary Skills ◽  
Communicative Development

Background: Vocabulary skills in infants with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) are related to various factors. They remain underexplored among Mandarin-speaking infants with CL/P. This study identified receptive and expressive vocabulary skills among Mandarin-speaking infants with unrepaired CL/P prior to cleft palate surgery and their associated factors. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving patients at the Cleft Lip and Palate Center of the Stomatological Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University between July 2017 and December 2018. The Putonghua Communicative Development Inventories-Short Form (PCDI-SF) was used to assess early vocabulary skills. Results: A total of 134 children aged 9–16 months prior to cleft palate surgery were included in the study. The prevalences of delays in receptive and expressive vocabulary skills were 72.39% (95% CI: 64.00–79.76%) and 85.07% (95% CI: 77.89–90.64%), respectively. Multiple logistic regression identified that children aged 11–13 months (OR = 6.46, 95% CI: 1.76–23.76) and 14–16 months (OR = 24.32, 95% CI: 3.86–153.05), and those with hard/soft cleft palate and soft cleft palate (HSCP/SCP) (OR = 5.63, 95% CI: 1.02–31.01) were more likely to be delayed in receptive vocabulary skills. Conclusions: Delays in vocabulary skills were common among Mandarin-speaking CL/P infants, and age was positively associated with impaired and lagging vocabulary skills. The findings suggest the necessity and importance of early and effective identification of CL/P, and early intervention programs and effective treatment are recommended for Chinese CL/P infants.

scholarly journals Assessing the productive vocabulary of Spanish–English bilingual toddlers from low-income families

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEANNETTE MANCILLA-MARTINEZ ◽  
BARBARA ALEXANDER PAN ◽  
SHAHER BANU VAGH
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Old Spanish ◽  
English Bilingual ◽  
Communicative Development ◽  
Low Income Families

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the utility and validity of the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventory (CDI) for use with low-income parents and their 24- to 36-month-old Spanish–English bilingual children (n = 79). Issues in the interpretation of the integrated CDI/Inventarios del Desarrollo de Habilidades Comunicativas (IDHC) score to index bilingual children's overall conceptual knowledge are also considered. Results indicate that the CDI/IDHC can be used with this population through at least age 36 months and parents are accurate reporters of their children's Spanish and English vocabulary. The value of the integrated score was confirmed. However, given the lack of norms associated with the integrated score, the complexity of determining how best to interpret this score was underscored.

Rural-Urban Blood Lead Differences in North Carolina Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Edward H. Norman ◽  
W. Clayton Bordley ◽  
Irva Hertz-Picciotto ◽  
Dale A. Newton
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Local Public Health ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Income Families

Objective. To examine the prevalence of and risk factors for having a blood lead elevation among young children in a predominantly rural state. Methods. 20 720 North Carolina children at least 6 months and <6 years of age were screened between November 1, 1992 and April 30, 1993 using either capillary or venous measurements of blood lead. Children were tested through routine screening programs that target low-income families and, hence, were not randomly selected. Eighty-one percent of the children were screened through local public health departments, and 19% were tested at private clinics. Results. The estimated prevalences of having an elevated blood lead level among those tested were: 20.2% (≥10 µg/dL), 3.2% (≥15 µg/dL), and 1.1% (≥20 µdL). Black children were at substantially increased risk of having a blood lead ≥15 µ/dL (odds ratio (OR) 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7 to 2.5). Children aged 2 years old had an elevated risk (OR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.7) compared to 1-year-olds, and males were at slightly increased risk (OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.0 to 14). Living in a rural county was nearly as strong a risk factor as race (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.6 to 24). The effect of rural residence was even greater among certain subgroups of children already at highest risk of having an elevated blood lead. The type of clinic (public vs private) where a child was screened was not associated with blood lead outcome. These same trends were seen for children with blood lead levels ≥20 µ/dL. Conclusions. Among children screened from rural communities, the prevalence of elevated blood lead is surprisingly high. Though few physicians have embraced universal lead screening, these data support the need for greater awareness of lead exposure in children living outside of inner-cities.

scholarly journals Vocabulary size, translation equivalents, and efficiency in word recognition in very young bilinguals

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 760-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
JACQUELINE LEGACY ◽  
PASCAL ZESIGER ◽  
MARGARET FRIEND ◽  
DIANE POULIN-DUBOIS
Keyword(s):  
Vocabulary Development ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Word Retrieval ◽  
Parental Report ◽  
Vocabulary Size ◽  
Word Comprehension ◽  
English Bilingual ◽  
Communicative Development ◽  
Vocabulary Comprehension ◽  
L1 And L2

ABSTRACTThe present study examined early vocabulary development in fifty-nine French monolingual and fifty French–English bilingual infants (1;4–1;6). Vocabulary comprehension was assessed using both parental report (MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory; CDI) and the Computerized Comprehension Task (CCT). When assessing receptive vocabulary development using parental report, the bilinguals knew more words in their L1 versus their L2. However, young bilinguals were as accurate in L1 as they were in L2 on the CCT, and exhibited no difference in speed of word comprehension across languages. The proportion of translation equivalents in comprehension varied widely within this sample of young bilinguals and was linked to both measures of vocabulary size but not to speed of word retrieval or exposure to L2. Interestingly, the monolinguals outperformed the bilinguals with respect to accuracy but not reaction time in their L1 and L2. These results highlight the importance of using multiple measures to assess early vocabulary development.

Predictive validity of the New Zealand MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory: Words and Sentences

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELAINE REESE ◽  
STEPHANIE READ
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Vocabulary Test ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Peabody Picture Vocabulary ◽  
Educational Backgrounds ◽  
Communicative Development ◽  
Macarthur Communicative Development Inventory

This study assessed the long-term predictive validity of the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories: Words and Sentences (CDI[ratio ]WS; Fenson, Dale, Reznick, Thal, Bates, Hartung, Pethick & Reilly, 1993) for children's expressive and receptive vocabulary development. Sixty-one New Zealand children (31 females) were assessed with a New Zealand version of the CDI[ratio ]WS at 1;7 and 2;1 and with the Expressive Vocabulary Test (Williams, 1997) and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-III (Dunn & Dunn, 1997) at 2;8 and 3;4. Excellent reliability and good predictive validity was obtained for the NZ CDI[ratio ]WS even over a 21-month delay. Predictive validity of the NZ CDI[ratio ]WS for the PPVT-III was higher for children of mothers with less education. We discuss the implications of these results for use of the CDI[ratio ]WS with children from a broad range of cultural and educational backgrounds.

scholarly journals HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS AND POTENTIAL INDOOR AIR POLLUTION ISSUES IN RURAL INDONESIAN COMMUNITIES USING FUELWOOD ENERGY

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haryono Setiyo Huboyo
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Economic Reason ◽  
Household Characteristics ◽  
Low Income Families

Two rural communities using fuel wood energy in mountainous and coastal areas of Java island in Indonesia have been surveyed to know their household characteristics and the related potential indoor air pollution issues. By random sampling, we characterized fuel wood users only. The fuel wood use was mainly due to economic reason since some of the users were categorized as low-income families. Communities in the mountainous area were exposed to higher risk of indoor air pollution than those in coastal area due to their house characteristics and behavior during cooking. Both communities, however, were aware of indoor air pollution issues and indicated the sources. They also prioritized the factors to be controlled, which they perceived as the main cause of indoor air pollution problem.

scholarly journals Identifying Direct and Indirect Influences on Vocabulary Development of Children from Low-Income Families from Infancy to Grade 5

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Ober ◽  
Patricia J. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Joint Attention ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Vocabulary Development ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Vocabulary Knowledge ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Low Income Families

We used structural equation models to explore how a constellation of factors affected vocabulary development trajectories of infants (N = 556; 49.6% male) from low-income families who comprised the control group of the Early Head Start Research Evaluation project. Predictors assessed at age 14 months accounted for 23.5%, 25.8%, and 30.6% of variance in receptive vocabulary (Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test) at 36 months, Pre-K, and Grade 5, respectively. Joint attention, assessed during free play (3-bags task), and infant cognitive ability (Bayley Mental Development Index) had stable direct associations with vocabulary knowledge. Negative mother-infant interaction co-varied with joint attention but had no direct effect on vocabulary knowledge at any age. Gestational age was indirectly associated with vocabulary knowledge via infant cognitive ability. Home environment, maternal education, maternal distress, and child gender had variable direct and/or indirect effects. Latent factors and models were partially invariant for subgroups of children of Black/African American and White/European American mothers. The findings indicate long-term impact of joint attention and related factors on vocabulary growth at least through Grade 5, highlighting the importance of designing interventions to support mothers and infants living in poverty.

Reciprocal influences between maternal language and children's language and cognitive development in low-income families

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
LULU SONG ◽  
ELIZABETH T. SPIER ◽  
CATHERINE S. TAMIS-LEMONDA
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Lexical Diversity ◽  
Maternal Language ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Reciprocal Influences ◽  
Child Cognitive Development

ABSTRACTWe examined reciprocal associations between early maternal language use and children's language and cognitive development in seventy ethnically diverse, low-income families. Mother–child dyads were videotaped when children were aged 2;0 and 3;0. Video transcripts were analyzed for quantity and lexical diversity of maternal and child language. Child cognitive development was assessed at both ages and child receptive vocabulary was assessed at age 3;0. Maternal language related to children's lexical diversity at each age, and maternal language at age 2;0, was associated with children's receptive vocabulary and cognitive development at age 3;0. Furthermore, children's cognitive development at age 2;0 was associated with maternal language at age 3;0 controlling for maternal language at age 2;0, suggesting bi-directionality in mother–child associations. The quantity and diversity of the language children hear at home has developmental implications for children from low-income households. In addition, children's early cognitive skills further feed into their subsequent language experiences.

scholarly journals Proposal of a short-form version of the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 783-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Pozza dos Santos ◽  
Ivana Loraine Lindemann ◽  
Janaína Vieira dos Santos Motta ◽  
Gicele Mintem ◽  
Eliana Bender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Kappa Test ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Kappa Agreement

OBJECTIVE To propose a short version of the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. METHODS Two samples were used to test the results obtained in the analyses in two distinct scenarios. One of the studies was composed of 230 low income families from Pelotas, RS, Southern Brazil, and the other was composed of 15,575 women, whose data were obtained from the 2006 National Survey on Demography and Health. Two models were tested, the first containing seven questions, and the second, the five questions that were considered the most relevant ones in the concordance analysis. The models were compared to the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale, and the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy parameters were calculated, as well as the kappa agreement test. RESULTS Comparing the prevalence of food insecurity between the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale and the two models, the differences were around 2 percentage points. In the sensitivity analysis, the short version of seven questions obtained 97.8% and 99.5% in the Pelotas sample and in the National Survey on Demography and Health sample, respectively, while specificity was 100% in both studies. The five-question model showed similar results (sensitivity of 95.7% and 99.5% in the Pelotas sample and in the National Survey on Demography and Health sample, respectively). In the Pelotas sample, the kappa test of the seven-question version totaled 97.0% and that of the five-question version, 95.0%. In the National Survey on Demography and Health sample, the two models presented a 99.0% kappa. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that the model with five questions should be used as the short version of the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale, as its results were similar to the original scale with a lower number of questions. This version needs to be administered to other populations in Brazil in order to allow for the adequate assessment of the validity parameters.

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