Long-term effects of preterm birth on language and literacy at eight years

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 865-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNALISA GUARINI ◽  
ALESSANDRA SANSAVINI ◽  
CRISTINA FABBRI ◽  
SILVIA SAVINI ◽  
ROSINA ALESSANDRONI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Literacy Development ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Language And Literacy ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Preterm Children ◽  
Reading And Writing

ABSTRACTThe aims of this study were to investigate whether specific linguistic difficulties in preterm children persist at eight years and to examine the interrelationships between language and literacy in this population, compared with a control group of full-term children. Sixty-eight monolingual Italian preterms and 26 chronologically matched controls were recruited. Language (grammar comprehension, lexical production and phonological awareness), literacy (reading comprehension, reading and writing) and general cognitive development were investigated. Results showed no general delay in preterms, but slight difficulties in specific linguistic abilities (grammar, lexicon, phoneme synthesis and deletion of the first syllable), more difficulties in literacy (speed in reading and accuracy in writing) and certain correlations among competencies turning out to be different from the control group. In conclusion, our study established that a partially atypical trajectory emerged in preterms, showing specific long-term effects of preterm birth on language and literacy development.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of premature birth on somatic development in women through adolescence and adulthood

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kaczmarczyk ◽  
Aleksandra Pituch-Zdanowska ◽  
Ida Wiszomirska ◽  
Andrzej Magiera ◽  
Aleksander Ronikier
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Somatic Development ◽  
Waist Hip Ratio ◽  
Preterm Born

Objectives To evaluate the long-term consequences of preterm birth on anthropometric parameters in women in adolescence and into adulthood. Methods Seventy girls born preterm (age 12.22 ± 1.52 years) and 48 born at term participated in the first stage. Eighteen years later, 13 of the same women participated in a follow-up and were compared with a control group of 27 women. We compared anthropometric results across the two examinations, and in the second stage, also assessed body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Results No significant differences were found in anthropometric parameters or the content of individual components of the body between the preterm-born and control groups. However, the preterm-born group showed a tendency for higher average fat mass and lower fat-free and soft lean mass compared with the control group, and had a significantly higher mean waist–hip ratio. Conclusions Preterm birth does not adversely affect somatic development in girls during adolescence, but shows a correlation with an elevated waist–hip ratio in adulthood.

The response of skin perfusion and of rheological and immunological variables to intravenous prostanoid administration in Raynaud’s phenomenon secondary to collagenosis

VASA ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drinda ◽  
Neumann ◽  
Pöhlmann ◽  
Vogelsang ◽  
Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Raynaud's Phenomenon ◽  
Plasma Viscosity ◽  
Laser Doppler ◽  
Erythrocyte Aggregation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry

Background: Prostanoids are used in the treatment of Raynaud’s phenomenon and acral perfusion disorders secondary to collagenosis. In subjective terms, intravenous administration of these agents produces success in more than 50% of patients. The therapeutic outcome of clinical administration of alprostadil or iloprost may vary from individual to individual. Patients and methods: The following variables were analysed in a cross-over study in 27 patients with collagenosis and Raynaud’s phenomenon: plasma viscosity and erythrocyte aggregation (rheological variables), partial pressure of oxygen and laser Doppler flowmetry in the finger region, and lymphocyte phenotyping and interleukin (IL) determinations (immunological variables). Results: Laser Doppler flowmetry revealed significant differences between patients with secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon and a control group of 25 healthy subjects. Laser Doppler readings did not change significantly as a result of the treatments. Therapy with iloprost produced a reduction in IL-1beta, L-selectin (CD 62 L) and IL-6. Conclusion: The change in immunological variables due to iloprost may explain the long-term effects of prostaglandins in the treatment of Raynaud’s phenomenon. From our results it is not possible to infer any preference for iloprost or alprostadil.

scholarly journals A Clinical Study of Platelet-Rich Fibrin Combined With Autologous High-Density Fat Transplantation in Augmentation Rhinoplasty

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132110169
Author(s):  
Dan Yan ◽  
Shuai-Hua Li ◽  
An-Li Zhang ◽  
Yao Xiao ◽  
Ze-Chun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Retention Rate ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
High Density ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Fat Transplantation ◽  
Augmentation Rhinoplasty ◽  
Platelet Rich Fibrin ◽  
Autologous Fat

Objective: This study was designed to analyze the clinical effect of autologous fat-granule transplantation in augmentation rhinoplasty and explore methods to improve the fat retention rate. Methods: A total of 70 enrolled patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: the platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) combined with high-density fat transplantation group (combined group) and the conventional fat-granule transplantation group (control group; n = 35 in each group). In the combined group, an appropriate amount of autologous fat was extracted and centrifuged, and the lower layer of high-density fat was taken and mixed with PRF isolated from whole blood for autotransplantation. In the control group, only fat was extracted and centrifuged for transplantation. The patients were followed up with for more than one year to observe the short- and long-term effects, complications, safety, and patient satisfaction. Results: Six months after the operation, the nasal shape was stable, the contour was higher and more stereoscopic than before, the average increase of nasal height was 3.0 mm in the combined group and 2.0 mm in the control group. No complications, such as fat embolism, infection, or necrosis occurred during the 1-year follow-up. The satisfaction rate between the 2 groups has statistical significance ( P < .05). Conclusion: Overall, PRF combined with autologous high-density fat transplantation is simple to perform, has a significantly increased fat-retention rate than the control group, and has stable long-term effects without obvious adverse reactions. A sufficient amount of fat and PRF transplantation can achieve a good orthopedic effect. Thus, this method can be widely used in clinical augmentation rhinoplasty.

scholarly journals Antibiotics at birth and later antibiotic courses: effects on gut microbiota

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Ainonen ◽  
Mysore V Tejesvi ◽  
Md. Rayhan Mahmud ◽  
Niko Paalanne ◽  
Tytti Pokka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Control Group ◽  
List Type ◽  
Antibiotic Exposure ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Antibiotic Courses ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) is widely used, but the evidence of the long-term effects on the gut microbiota and subsequent health of children is limited. Here, we compared the impacts of perinatal antibiotic exposure and later courses of antibiotic courses on gut microbiota. Methods This was a prospective, controlled cohort study among 100 vaginally delivered infants with different perinatal antibiotic exposures: control (27), IAP (27), postnatal antibiotics (24), and IAP and postnatal antibiotics (22). At 1 year of age, we performed next-generation sequencing of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene of fecal samples. Results Exposure to the perinatal antibiotics had a clear impact on the gut microbiota. The abundance of the Bacteroidetes phylum was significantly higher in the control group, whereas the relative abundance of Escherichia coli was significantly lower in the control group. The impact of the perinatal antibiotics on the gut microbiota composition was greater than exposure to later courses of antibiotics (28% of participants). Conclusions Perinatal antibiotic exposure had a marked impact on the gut microbiota at the age of 1 year. The timing of the antibiotic exposure appears to be the critical factor for the changes observed in the gut microbiota. Impact Infants are commonly exposed to IAP and postnatal antibiotics, and later to courses of antibiotics during the first year of life. Perinatal antibiotics have been associated with an altered gut microbiota during the first months of life, whereas the evidence regarding the long-term impact is more limited. Perinatal antibiotic exposure had a marked impact on the infant’s gut microbiota at 1 year of age. Impact of the perinatal antibiotics on the gut microbiota composition was greater than that of the later courses of antibiotics at the age of 1 year.

scholarly journals Effects of 1 y of free school fruit on intake of fruits, vegetables, and unhealthy snacks: 14 y later

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 1309-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonje Holte Stea ◽  
Ingrid Marie Hovdenak ◽  
Jannike Rønnestad ◽  
Kjersti Rennestraum ◽  
Frøydis Nordgård Vik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Intervention Effects ◽  
Sample Mean ◽  
Unhealthy Snacks

ABSTRACT Background There are not many studies evaluating the long-term effects of fruit and vegetable interventions. Objective We examined the effects of 1 y of free fruit in elementary school on long-term consumption of fruit, vegetables, and unhealthy snacks, according to sex and educational attainment, 14 y after the intervention period. Design In 2001, the baseline survey of the longitudinal cohort, Fruits and Vegetables Make the Marks (FVMM), included 1950 children (mean age: 11.8 y) attending 38 randomly drawn elementary schools from 2 counties in Norway. In the following 10 mo, 9 schools served as intervention schools by participating in the Norwegian School Fruit Program for free, whereas 29 schools served as control schools. A follow-up survey conducted in 2016 included 982 participants (50%) from the original study sample (mean age: 26.5 y). The consumption of fruit and vegetables was measured by a 24-h recall (portions per day), and the consumption of unhealthy snacks was measured by food-frequency questions (portions per week). Linear mixed models were performed to test possible intervention effects on the consumption of fruit, vegetables, and unhealthy snacks 14 y after the intervention period. Results No overall intervention effects after 14 y due to the free-fruit scheme on the consumption of fruit, vegetables, and unhealthy snacks were observed, but significant interactions showed a sustained higher frequency of fruit consumption among females in the intervention group compared with the control group [mean difference (MD): 0.38 portions/d; P = 0.023] and that this effect was only significant among less-educated females (MD: 0.73 portions/d; P = 0.043). No significant long-term intervention effects were observed in the consumption of fruit among highly educated females and males nor in the consumption of vegetables or unhealthy snacks. Conclusion Results from the present study indicate that receiving free fruit at school for 1 y may have positive long-term effects for females without higher education.

scholarly journals Scrambled Cloze Procedure: Does It Influence EFL Learners’ Reading Comprehension and Writing Performance?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 815
Author(s):  
Jahanbakhsh Nikoopour ◽  
Mino Bargnil
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Writing Performance ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cloze Procedure ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

The present study investigated the effect of using scrambled cloze procedure on reading and writing among intermediate EFL learners. To fulfill the purpose of the study, 60 participants were tested on a PET test, from whom 48 homogeneous participants were selected and assigned randomly to two groups of 25 and 23, as experimental and control group. Then, both groups were given a pre-test of writing and reading comprehension. During 14 sessions, the experimental group were provided with scrambled cloze samples and tasks while practicing paragraph writing and reading, whereas the control group did not, while they were practicing paragraph writing and reading. At the end, the two groups were tested in reading comprehension and writing, based on a posttest. Two raters scored the writing samples collected from two groups in the pre and posttest. Pearson correlation was used to compute the inter-rater reliability. The results showed the experimental group outperformed the control group in paragraph writing and reading comprehension. However, it was found that gender did not make a significant difference in reading comprehension and writing performance.

Catheter Patency and Peritoneal Morphology and Function in a Rat Model of Citrate-Buffered Peritoneal Dialysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 602-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Cavallini ◽  
Magnus Braide
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Catheter Patency ◽  
Peritoneal Morphology

BackgroundSingle-dwell studies in rats and humans have shown that supplementing citrate for lactate in peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluids improves ultrafiltration (UF).MethodsThe long-term effects of citrate-substituted PD fluids on PD catheter patency, UF, and peritoneal morphology were evaluated in a rat model over 5 weeks of daily PD fluid exposure. A standard 2.5% glucose 40 mmol/L lactate PD fluid and a corresponding 10/30 mmol/L citrate/lactate PD fluid were compared. In a control group, rats with catheters received no PD fluid.ResultsThe average patency time (% of 36 days) of silicone rubber PD catheters was significantly longer in the citrate PD group (98.8% ± 1.2%) and the control group (100% ± 0%) compared to the lactate PD group (54.7% ± 9.5%). In a separate experiment, heparin-coated polyurethane catheters were used to study peritoneal morphology and fluid transport. The citrate group had a higher net UF than the lactate group at the beginning and at the end of the 5 weeks. During the experiment, both fluid-treated groups suffered from UF loss; the control group showed the highest net UF at the end of the 5 weeks. Peritoneal vascular density and submesothelial thickness, indicators of angiogenesis and fibrosis, were not significantly different among the groups. Fibrosis was significantly negatively correlated to osmotic UF.ConclusionA positive acute effect of citrate on UF was confirmed and conserved over time. Citrate PD strongly improved PD catheter patency time compared with lactate. Both citrate PD and lactate PD induced negative long-term effects on UF compared with control animals.

The Implementation of Directed Reading Thinking Activity (DRTA) to Improve Students’ Reading Comprehension.

SELTICS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Nurmadina HS ◽  
Yuliah Yuliah
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Comprehension Test ◽  
Tenth Grade ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Directed Reading

The goal of this research is to look into the use of Directed Reading Thinking Activity to improve students' reading comprehension in the tenth grade at SMAN 1 Tanete Riaja. The following research questions were addressed in this study: 1) How does the implementation of Directed Reading Thinking Activity (henceforth DRTA) improve students' reading comprehension?2) What are the students' perceptions toward the DRTA strategy's implementation? This study employs a quasi-experimental design with both an experimental and a control group. The experimental class was taught using the DRTA strategy, while the control class was taught using the conventional strategy. The participants in this study were chosen at random and were divided into two classes: class X-1, which consisted of 32 students as the experimental class, and class X-2, which consisted of 30 students as the control class. The data was gathered through a reading comprehension test and a questionnaire. According to the findings of this study, using the DRTA method increases students' scores more than using the conventional strategy. The experimental class has a mean score of 76.40, while the control class has a score of 50.3. It indicates that the DRTA strategy significantly improves students' reading comprehension and makes a positive contribution to their cognitive development. Furthermore, the results of the questionnaire show that the majority of students respond positively to the implementation of the DRTA strategy in the classroom.

QUALITY OF LIFE AND DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES OF PRETERM INFANTS AT EARLY CHILDHOOD

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1 (254)) ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
Siranush А. Mkrtchyan ◽  
Razmik А. Dunamalyan ◽  
Lilit E. Gukasyan ◽  
Marine A. Mardiyan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Preterm Children ◽  
Case Assessment ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

The developmental and behavioral disabilities remain high in children and in adults who were born preterm. In this case assessment of quality of life and development of preterm infants can be very informative and interesting. This is a prospective longitudinal (at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months) study of preterm birth and term control infants selected from pediatric polyclinics of Yerevan. The quality of life (QL) measures were done with QUALIN questionnaire and the developmental measures with Battelle Developmental Inventory. A total of 71 preterm and 105 term control infants underwent study. Among 71 preterm birth infants, who selected on the study at 3 months, 40 infant's score on the BDI was <–1 SD and 1 infants' score on the BDI was <–2 SD. However, at the age of 12 months 32 of these same children showed a BDI score >85. Parents and pediatricians reported worse QL for of preterm infants compared with control group. At same time parents of preterm infants reported better QL for their children compared with pediatricians. The lowest QL and developmental scores among preterm children were detected at 3 months. Improvement of QL and developmental score was observed in the next age groups.

Low Mortality of Larval Lampreys from Electrofishing, Suction-pumping, Anesthesia, and Handling

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 640-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Jolley ◽  
Christina T. Uh ◽  
Gregory S. Silver ◽  
Timothy A. Whitesel
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Pacific Lamprey ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Delayed Mortality

Abstract Native lamprey populations are declining worldwide. In the Pacific Northwest focus on conservation and management of these ecologically and culturally important species has increased. Concern has emerged regarding the effects of sampling and handling of lamprey, with little to no attention given to the larval lifestage. We monitored the survival of larval Pacific Lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus and Lampetra spp. after backpack electrofishing, deepwater electrofishing and suction-pumping, anesthesia, and handling. We performed survival trials on wild-caught lamprey (n = 15 larvae in each trial) collected from the Clackamas River drainage in Oregon, USA, coupled with control group trials from lamprey sourced from a hatchery (n = 10 larvae). Short-term (96 h) survival was &gt;98% with only one observed mortality. Delayed mortality (1 wk) was observed for four individuals that had fungus; two of those were positive for the bacteria Aeromonas hyrdrophila. We recorded blood hematocrit as a secondary measure of stress. The baseline, nonstressed larvae hematocrit levels did not differ from those of fish that had undergone stress through electrofishing, suction-pumping, and handling without anesthesia. Electrofishing, suction-pumping, and anesthesia showed no short-term negative effects on larval lamprey although potential long-term effects remain unstudied. These techniques appear to provide efficient and relatively safe methods for collecting and surveying larval lamprey.

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