Evidence from Chinese Medical Journals on Current Population Policy

1969 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo A. Orleans
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Good Thing ◽  
Medical Journals ◽  
The Past ◽  
Initial Decision ◽  
Current Population ◽  
Short Statement ◽  
Magazine Articles

China's bitter population dilemma is clearly summarized in just one short statement from the People's Daily: “We insist on family planning, but generally speaking we think it is a good thing to have a large population.” For the past two decades China's population policy has been shrouded in secrecy, has been expressed only through Communist polemic and has suffered from apparent indecision and consequent vacillations. Official thinking on this subject is almost never expressed in direct statements and proclamations. It must be gleaned from casual remarks by Chinese leaders, from newspaper and magazine articles and official radio broadcasts, which usually discuss implementation but omit reference to the initial decision, and from visitors to China who describe the visible signs that suggest a particular policy is currently in effect.

Special Characteristics of Population Policy in the Middle East and North Africa

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 779-790
Author(s):  
Melvyn C. Thorne ◽  
Joel Montague
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Family Planning Services ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Population Policies ◽  
High Population Growth ◽  
National Family Planning

The 22 countries stretching from Morocco, at the northwestern tip of Africa, to Afghanistan, on the rim of Asia, present a spectrum of positions on population ranging from governmental policy to increase population growth rates, to no explicit policy, to explicit policy to reduce them. High population growth rates throughout the area have evoked various interpretations and responses from these largely Islamic nations, which have been grouped for presentation into five arbitrary categories. There are some family planning services available in practically all the states, although laws vary from frank interdiction of contraception to governmental national family planning programs. There has been remarkable movement toward articulated national population policies in the past decade. This is likely to increase in the future despite problems due to intranational heterogeneity, the Arab-Israeli hostility, certain values of Islamic culture and theology, and the present paucity of demographic and developmental data.

Epilogue: On the Current and Future State of Historical Writing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Megill
Keyword(s):  
Historical Writing ◽  
Conceptual Difficulty ◽  
Universal History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Initial Decision ◽  
Future State ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of

This epilogue argues that historians ought to be able to produce a universal history, one that would ‘cover’ the past of humankind ‘as a whole’. However, aside from the always increasing difficulty of mastering the factual material that such an undertaking requires, there exists another difficulty: the coherence of universal history always presupposes an initial decision not to write about the human past in all its multiplicity, but to focus on one aspect of that past. Nevertheless, the lure of universal history will persist, even in the face of its practical and conceptual difficulty. Certainly, it is possible to imagine a future ideological convergence among humans that would enable them to accept, as authoritative, one history of humankind.

IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK IN PREDICTING BIRTH RATE IN BATAM CITY USING BACKPROPAGATION METHOD

JURTEKSI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jufri
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Backpropagation Method ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

Abstract: The population growth in Indonesia is increasing rapidly every year, so to help the government control the population growth through family planning programs, especially in the city of Batam. This study explains and describes one of the Artificial Terms Network methods, namely Backpropagation, where this method can predict what will happen in the future using data and information in the past. This study aims to predict the birth rate in the city of Batam to help the government with the family planning program. The data used is the annual data on the number of births in the city of Batam in 2016-2020 at The Civil Registry Office. To facilitate the analysis of research data, the data were tested using Matlab R2015b. In this study, the training process was carried out using 3 network architectures, namely 4-10-1, 5-18-1, and 4-43-1. Of these 3 architectures, the best is the 4-43-1 architecture with an accuracy rate of 91% and an MSE value of 0.0012205. The Backpropagation method can predict the amount of population growth in the city of Batam based on existing data in the past.           Keywords: artificial neural network; backpropagation; prediction   Abstrak: Pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk diindonesia yang setiap tahun meningkat dengan pesat, maka untuk membantu pemerintah mengendalikan jumlah pertumbuhan penduduk melalui program keluarga berencana khususnya dikota Batam. Penelitian ini  menjelaskan dan memaparkan tentang salah satu metode Jaringan Syarat Tiruan yaitu Backpropagation, dimana metode ini dapat memprediksi apa yang akan terjadi masa yang akan datang dengan menggunakan data dan informasi dimasa lalu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi tingkat kelahiran di kota Batam sehingga membatu pemerintah untuk perencanaan keluarga berencana. Data yang digunakan yaitu data tahunan jumlah kelahiran di kota Batam pada tahun 2016-2020 pada Dinas Kependudukan dan Catatan Sipil. Untuk mempermudah analisis data penelitian maka, data diuji menggunakan Matlab R2015b. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan proses pelatihan menggunakan  3 arsitektur jaringan yaitu 4-10-1, 5-18-1, dan 4-43-1. Dari ke-3 arsitektur ini yang terbaik adalah arsitektur 4-43-1 dengan tingkat akurasi sebesar 91% dan nilai MSE 0,0012205. Metode backpropagation mampu memprediksi jumlah pertumbuhan penduduk di kota Batam berdasarkan data yang ada dimasa lalu. Kata kunci: backpropagation; jaringan syaraf tiruan; prediksi 

scholarly journals DETERMINAN PEMILIHAN METODE KONTRASEPSI JANGKA PANJANG PADA AKSEPTOR KB AKTIF DI PUSKESMAS PEDAMARAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lusia Weni ◽  
Muhammad Yuwono ◽  
Haerawati Idris
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Selection Of

<span lang="IN">Determinant of the selection of long-term contraceptive methods on family planning acceptors in Pedamaran community health center. </span><span lang="EN"> The population problem faced by Indonesia is a large population with a low quality of life. Uncontrolled population rate will cause baby booming so information needs to be disseminated about the benefits of family planning (FP). Long-term contraceptive method has a high level of effectiveness and can reduce the rate of population growth. </span><span lang="EN">This study aim to determine the factors that affect the selection of long-term contraceptive methods in active family planning acceptors.</span><span lang="EN">This study used a cross-sectional study design and using</span><span lang="IN"> simple random sampling</span><span lang="EN"> technique, consisted of 243 acceptors. Analyzes of data were univariate analysis, bivariate analysis using chi-square test with α = 0.05 and 95% confidence interval value, and multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression.</span><span lang="EN">Based on multivariate analysis was the variables significantly related to the selection of long-acting contraception include </span><span lang="IN">age (p = 0.01; OR = 2,24; 95% CI: 1,17-4,29), education (p = 0.01; OR = 0,31; 95% CI: 0,13-0,75) and number of children (p = 0.03; OR = 2; 95% CI: 1,05-3,81).</span><span lang="EN"> Thus, age was the variable that had the greatest impact on determining the selection of long-acting contraception.</span><span lang="IN">The </span><span lang="EN">acceptors with ≥ 35 years old, low educated and have &gt;2 children more likely to choose long-acting contraception. It is hoped that family planning workers can educate and persuade people of all ages with </span><span lang="IN">different educational backgrounds so total fertility rate can be reduce.</span>

scholarly journals Sleep disordered breathing in childhood

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (139) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasemin Gokdemir ◽  
Refika Ersu
Keyword(s):  
Organ Dysfunction ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Medical Journals ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Disordered Breathing

Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in childhood is linked with significant end-organ dysfunction across various systems, particularly with cardiovascular, neurocognitive and metabolic consequences. If we understand the pathophysiology of SDB, diagnose it promptly and treat appropriately, we may be able to prevent morbidity associated with SDB and also save health resources around the world. In this article, we highlight articles on this topic published in medical journals in the past year.

DESIRE FOR MORE CHILDREN, CONTRACEPTIVE USE AND UNMET NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNING IN A REMOTE AREA OF BALI, INDONESIA

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
MELLISSA WITHERS ◽  
MEGUMI KANO ◽  
GDE NGURAH INDRAGUNA PINATIH
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
The Past ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Living Children

SummaryExploring fertility preferences in relation to contraceptive use can increase the understanding of future reproductive behaviour and unmet family planning needs. This knowledge can help assist women in meeting their reproductive goals. The influences on the desire for more children and current contraceptive use were examined among 1528 married women of reproductive age in an isolated community in Bali, Indonesia, using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Women who were younger, had fewer living children, had given birth in the past year and had regular access to health services were more likely to desire children. Being older, having fewer living children, not having regular access to health services, having given birth in the past year and having the desire for more children were associated with a lower likelihood of using contraception. Women with regular access to health care are more likely to desire more children, probably because they are confident in their ability to have successful birth outcomes. However, specialized clinics or family planning outreach workers may be required to reduce barriers to service utilization among some groups. The findings of this study identify key target populations for family planning, including older women and postpartum women – groups that may not perceive themselves to be at risk for unintended pregnancy. Meeting unmet need for family planning among these groups could help women meet their fertility goals, as well as reduce maternal morbidity and mortality.

Indian Subcontinent

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-771
Author(s):  
Carl E. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Family Planning Program ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Planning Program ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Family Planning Programs ◽  
National Family ◽  
National Family Planning

The countries of the Indian subcontinent provide some of the world's most evident case studies of the deleterious effects of population pressure. They also have undertaken some of the world's most massive family planning programs. India was the first country to declare a national population policy and to mount a nationwide family planning program. Pakistan and present day Bangladesh had a prolonged period during which the national family planning program had a separate organization with extremely high priority and official support. Continuing famines and two major wars in 25 years have contributed to high mortality. Nonetheless, population growth in these countries continues its inexorable upward curve. On the other hand, these programs must also be credited with some real successes and the birth rates in several Indian states are falling.

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