More Than a Category: Han Supremacism on the Chinese Internet

2010 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 539-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Leibold
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Urban Youth ◽  
Modern China ◽  
Informal Group ◽  
Anglophone Literature ◽  
Chinese Nationalism ◽  
Official Policy ◽  
National Identity Formation

AbstractUsing the October 2008 slapping incident of historian Yan Chongnian 阎崇年 as a case study, this article attempts to contextualize and critically examine the articulation of Han supremacism on the Chinese internet. It demonstrates how an informal group of non-elite, urban youth are mobilizing the ancient Han ethnonym to challenge the Chinese Communist Party's official policy of multiculturalism, while seeking to promote pride and self-identification with the Han race (han minzu汉民族) to the exclusion of the non-Han minorities. In contrast to most of the Anglophone literature on Chinese nationalism, this article seeks to employ “Han” as a “boundary-spanner,” a category that turns our analysis of Chinese national identity formation on its head, side-stepping the “usual suspects” (intellectuals, dissidents and the state itself) and the prominent role of the “foreign other” in Chinese ethnogenesis, and instead probing the unstable plurality of the self/othering process in modern China and the role of the internet in opening up new spaces for non-mainstream identity articulation.

scholarly journals Wide Sargasso Sea: Antoinette’s Living Spaces as a Case Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fann Oudah Aljohani
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Jean Rhys ◽  
Space And Place ◽  
Sargasso Sea ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Wide Sargasso Sea ◽  
Psychological Analysis

This study explores the identity formation and mobility of the role of Antoinette in the novel "Wide Sargasso Sea" from the perspective of the cultural and human geography. In general, it is a space and place study. The thesis suggests that, Antoinette has some conditions and circumstances that she developed in an autonomic manner with different experiences in order to navigate and recognize the dangerous and safe spaces around her. Wide Sargasso Sea, by Jean Rhys, elaborates a self-sacrifice experience that the protagonist went through in her search for identity, which she lost due to the circumstances around her. In this research, a psychological analysis of Antoinette's personality will be taken, moreover; an attempt is made to find out the reasons for her schizophrenic behavior. The research focuses on Antoinette's shattered identity and the specters she faced in her life, which ultimately played a huge role in her madness. Also, the visible opposite aspects of black/white, rationality/unconsciousness, male/female, and sanity/madness are conceived by her conscious mind, and it causes the frantic thoughts of insanity, womanhood, and blackness. Also, it sheds light on Antoinette's journey in life to figure out where she belongs and her struggle in this search. Antoinette's personality and identity crisis as a Creole girl will be discussed in depth. There are different areas that are explored in this paper; such as the interpretation of how the surrounding spaces affect Antoinette and the reasons behind the absence of a loving mother in Wide Sargasso Sea. Furthermore, Rochester's character is also examined to find out how the masculine space differs from feminine space, and to what extent Mr. Rochester's cruelty harms Antoinette. Another important thing that is discussed in the paper is the effect of family relationships on a person's identity, and how it becomes a reason of mental disorder.

Crafting Legitimacy in District–Community Partnerships

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Kimberly Lechasseur
Keyword(s):  
Education Reform ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Community Partnerships ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Building Activities ◽  
Organizational Mechanisms ◽  
Multiple Constituencies ◽  
Over Time

Background/Context Partnering across districts, schools, and other community organizations has become ubiquitous as a policy for promoting change. Despite growing attention to and scholarship on district–community partnerships, there is little examination of the organizational mechanisms involved in sustaining them. Purpose/Objectives This study examines the ways in which district–community partnerships establish and sustain legitimacy with multiple constituencies over time. Drawing on institutional theory, these analyses extend current theories of legitimation by describing the legitimacy-building events of districts and their community partners as they craft partnerships over time. Research Design I used a qualitative multi-case-study design to build grounded theory based on three district–community partnerships. Interviews with partnership leaders, focus groups with governance team members, and observations were collected between 2012 and 2014. Thematic analysis was conducted within and across the three cases to identify legitimacy-building activities. Findings/Results Five mechanisms for building legitimacy emerged across the three district–community partnerships: funder endorsement, attention to reciprocity, service provision, dedicated formal staff roles, and a systems-building approach. Each mechanism was deployed across the stages of partnership (e.g., identity formation, recruitment, sustainability). These mechanisms were used to leverage legitimacy with one stakeholder group to build new legitimacy with other stakeholder groups, creating complex chains of legitimacy across partners over time. Conclusions/Recommendations The findings extend current research on both legitimacy frameworks and the use of community partnerships in education reform. Themes across cases highlight the recursive nature of legitimacy during the recruitment of new partners, how partnerships can build legitimacy across cultural divides, and the role of external funders in supporting legitimacy building across multiple sets of stakeholders.

TENSIONS OF NATIONALISM: THE MZABI STUDENT MISSIONS IN TUNIS AND THE POLITICS OF ANTICOLONIALISM

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal N. Ghazal
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Religious Reform ◽  
National Movements ◽  
Student Missions ◽  
National Identity Formation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractThis article examines the significant yet largely overlooked role of the Mzabis, a community from the northern edges of the Algerian desert, in Algerian and Tunisian anticolonialism and nationalism. In so doing, it pursues two aims: first, to shed light on the importance of Tunis to the politicization of the Mzabis in the 1920s and to their induction into local and regional anticolonial and national movements; and second, to highlight the tensions of subsuming regional identities into overarching national identities by focusing on Mzabi political activists’ negotiation of the relationship between the Mzab and Algeria as a national project. The article also explores the spectrum of political possibilities and alternatives envisioned by Mzabis as they participated in religious reform, anticolonial, and nationalist movements. This spectrum, I argue, conveys the fluid relationship between local, national, and regional identities, thus undermining teleological readings of national identity formation.

scholarly journals Music in Radio Broadcasting as a Factor of National Identity Formation

2016 ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Pavlo Miroshnychenko
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Radio Stations ◽  
Commercial Radio ◽  
National Music ◽  
National Identity Formation

The main objective of this research was to define the potential of Ukrainian popular music as a means of national identity formation on the commercial radio. The methodology of the research included an analysis of scientific data about the main problem of the study to define its conception; a comparative analysis aimed to characterize the Ukrainian and European legislation in media, especially the effective means of supporting national music; interpretation of sociological data allowed to define the role of the radio in the process of national identity formation; monitoring of commercial radio stations uncovered the efficacy of their musical policies. The main conclusions of the study indicate that the Ukrainian radio listeners mainly underestimate the role of domestic culture and music for the process of national identity. It is peculiar to the post totalitarian societies. The attitude of the Ukrainians to the national culture, particularly to music, depends on the attitude to Ukrainian language. The sociolinguistic data demonstrate the correlation between a positive attitude to Ukrainian language and the same attitude to the national culture. People who speak Ukrainian have a higher interest to the national culture and music than people who speak Russian. The monitoring has uncovered that the music in Russian language considerable prevails on the Ukrainian commercial radio stations, but the demand for Ukrainian music is very high. The owners of the Ukrainian media holdings opposed the attempt of the state to increase the quota of national music on the radio, especially in Ukrainian language. At the same time, active communities and Ukrainian musicians continue to defend the right of the Ukrainians to use domestic music in the process of national identity formation.

The Issue of State Power: The Council on Foreign Relations as a Case Study

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inderjeet Parmar
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Relations ◽  
State Power ◽  
The State ◽  
American System ◽  
Proper Role ◽  
Official Policy ◽  
Policy Elite ◽  
The Relationship

The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) has long been recognised as one of the most influential of modern American institutions. Indeed, for some scholars at least, the relationship between the Council and the federal government has been a troubling one. A private group that is exclusive and unrepresentative in membership, funded by large corporations and foundations, highly secretive about its operations, and ensconced in the centres of state power, raises serious issues of principle for a democracy. At its crudest, the question is who “controls” whom, the state or the unofficial group? Allowing for a more complex relationship between an official policy elite and outside advisors, just what are the points of convergence or divergence between these “internal” and “external” bureaucrats, as Chadwick F. Alger has called them? Such issues draw attention to the nature of the state itself, and, whatever the proper role of the CFR in the American system of government, its existence provides an opportunity to examine a number of major ideas about power and the state.

scholarly journals "I feel Danish but...": a case study on national identity formation and ambivalence

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-218
Author(s):  
L. Koefoed ◽  
K. Simonsen
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The Stranger ◽  
National Identity Formation ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Spatial Identity

Abstract. Non-western minorities in Europe, one can argue, are experiencing particularly vulnerable processes of subjectification and identification. They are often caught between double processes of inclusion/exclusion, integration/segregation or identification/estrangement. This article explores some of the complex and ambiguous processes of identification within this group, in connection with development of the spatial identity of Danishness. It starts with a short theoretical pinning down of the figure of "the stranger'' working as a basis for the empirical analysis. Organised in three sections, each interpreting a specific narrative of identification, the analysis subsequently explores processes and problems of identity formation within a minority group increasingly designated as "strangers'' within the Danish nation state. The article concludes on the different ways in which uncertainty and ambivalence infiltrate the identity formation.

China and the World, 1900-1949

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Wang
Keyword(s):  
World Order ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Modern China ◽  
State Behavior ◽  
Chinese Nationalism ◽  
The World ◽  
External Forces ◽  
The Relationship

Thematically and chronologically organized, this highly condensed annotated bibliography includes works that provide insights into the long-term, core themes of China and the world during the first half of the 20th century. The fifty years from 1900 to 1949 were marked by revolution, civil war, and foreign invasion but also witnessed change and progress in China’s relations with the outside world. These include the transformation from an empire (Qing) to a nation-state, the rise of Chinese nationalism, the restoration of China’s tariff autonomy, the abolition of extraterritoriality, China’s participation in the two world wars, and its role in the world economy and international organizations. Historiographical debates bring out three interdependent methodological and thematic issues: the state behavior of the Qing (1900–1911), Beijing (1912–1928), and Nanjing governments (1928–1949) in foreign affairs; the role of external forces in China’s nation-building and integration into the world system and community in modern times; and the relationship between nationalism and globalization and between national and international histories. Three influential conceptual frameworks are John K. Fairbank’s Western impact/stimulation and China’s response paradigm, Paul A. Cohen’s China-centered and most recently China-unbound or human-centered approach, and William C. Kirby’s internationalization proposition. What these different strands of research share, in this author’s judgment, is far more important than what separates them. Out of controversy, most scholars today tend to agree that during the period from 1900 to 1949 the Qing, Beijing, and Nanjing regimes were weak but resourceful states in hostile national and international environments. China’s international status markedly improved by the end of the 1940s, as one of the “great powers” (daguo大国) and a founder of the United Nations in the new world order. National, regional, and global concerns as well as nationalism, imperialism, colonialism, and internationalism have entangled bearings on studies of nearly all subjects that hold significance in modern China and the world.

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