scholarly journals How “Peasant Apartments” Could Undermine Rural Governance in China: Spatial Realignment, Moral Reconfiguration and Local Authority

2019 ◽  
Vol 242 ◽  
pp. 376-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Yep ◽  
Ying Wu
Keyword(s):  
Local Authority ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Political Challenge ◽  
The Face ◽  
To Come ◽  
Residential Pattern ◽  
China Today

AbstractA seismic change in the residential pattern is emerging in rural China today: traditional rural houses have been rapidly erased from the face of the countryside with large numbers of peasants being relocated to modern high-rise buildings. This process of “peasant elevation” has had a monumental impact on rural China. It redefines the entitlement to land use by the rural citizenry and negotiations for a new regime of property rights concerning land administration, while, most importantly, it undermines the position of the local state in rural China, whose authority is an aggregation of three distinctive elements: coercive power inherent in the state apparatus, control over economic resources, and resonance with local morality. Based on original data collected in Chongqing, Nantong and Dezhou, this paper argues that the comprehensive uprooting of the Chinese peasantry from the land and the resulting complications have caused moral disorientation among the relocated peasants and fragmentation of local authority. The difficulty in establishing community identity in the new setting has further undermined local governance. This may in turn trigger a wave of social and political tensions that may eventually turn out to be a major political challenge to the regime for years to come.

Introduction: ethnography, history and the vagaries of research

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Hearn
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
The Face ◽  
To Come ◽  
Design And Methods

This chapter introduces the study, and the reasons for returning to the original data after more than a decade. It gives an account of how the original research was conducted, outlining the research design and methods. The chapter reflects on the strengths and weaknesses of ethnographic research, explaining the idea of ‘salvage ethnography’, as the study of disappearing culture in the face social change. It argues that historical perspective changes our understanding of ethnographic material, concluding with a summary of the chapters to come.

FLOOD ADAPTIVE SETTLEMENTS TOWARDS URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN THE RIPARIAN OF MEUREUDU RIVER, ACEH PROVINCE, INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Mirza Irwansyah ◽  
Cut Nursaniah ◽  
Laila Qadri
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Pattern Design ◽  
The People ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Aceh Province ◽  
Secondary Data Sources ◽  
Residential Pattern

Meureudu Riparian in the past was a place of a collective settlements; it was then developed  to become a Meureudu City in Aceh Province, Indonesia. Initially, it was formed as traditional fishermen settlements but now has shifted into semi-modern settlements. However, the settlements developed sporadically to form an unplanned pattern of settlements. This condition resulted in low maintaining river and non-adaptive existence of the dwellings with the environment. Floods occur repeatedly in the river that affected great lost to the community. This study aimed to propose residential pattern design and adaptive settlements with Meureudu River riparian. Easy access roads to markets will facilitate economy growth to the people. This will also cause large numbers of unbridled migrants to enter and build settlements. In this study the a combination of quantitative methods based on interview data and questionnaires and qualitative exploratory methods based on field observation were used. The data were collected through observation, field measurement and secondary data sources. The results show that the condition of settlements along the river basin do not reflect the culture of the river. In order not to further aggravate the condition of the settlement and its impact on the occupants, we recommended two types of houses, namely in the form of stage and non-stage. The stage houses are located on the riverfront with an orientation overlooking the river. Additionally, undersea area can be used as security from the puddle of river water runoff during the flood and as a garden area and public while dry­­, while at a distance of 100 meters from the river non-stage houses form would be built because the runoff of flood water no longer affects the occupancy.

Aplikasi Kuartu Berbasis Android Sebagai Media Pertukaran Informasi Kartu Nama

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Nandi Syukri ◽  
Eko Budi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Qr Code ◽  
Business Card ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Index Terms

Business Card is the most efficient, effective and appropriate tool for every business men no matter they are owners, employees, more over marketers to provide information about their businesses. Unfortunately, it is very difficult to bring and manage business card in large numbers also to remember the face of the business card owner. A Business Card application need to be built to solve all those issues mentioned above. The Application or software must be run in media which can be accessed anywhere and anytime such as smart phone. Kuartu is as business card application run in mobile devices. Kuartu is developed using object base modeling for mobile sub system. The platform of the mobile sub system is android, as it is the most widely used platform in the world. The Kuartu application utilizing NFC and QR Code technology to support the business card information exchange and the Chatting feature for communication. Based on the experiment and test using black box methodology, it can be concluded that Kuartu application makes business card owner to communicate each other easily, business card always carried, easy to manage the cards and information of the business card owner can be easily obtained. Index Terms— Business Card, Android, Kuartu, NFC, QrCode, Chatting.

Teaching Enterprise — Can it Be Done in Large Groups?

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Raymond D. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Market Research ◽  
Business Plan ◽  
Management Programme ◽  
First Year ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Commercial Sources ◽  
To Come ◽  
The University ◽  
Large Groups

This paper reports on work carried out in the School of Management at Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh. Following a wide-ranging review of the first-year management programme, a module on enterprise was introduced. As part of that module students had to compete in a game, the object of which was to come up with a business idea, conduct market research and present a business plan and proposal to a panel of judges. The number of students was 225 in year one but reached around 500 within five years. The module has generated many good ideas and has attracted sponsorship from commercial sources. As yet the university has been unable to take the ideas further. It is possible that enterprise can be learned by people in large numbers, but perhaps universities are not the places in which to attempt such work.

scholarly journals Changes in the woody component of an East African savanna during 25 years

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 545-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudius A. D. M. Van De Vijver ◽  
Charles A. Foley ◽  
Han Olff
Keyword(s):  
Woody Species ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
East African ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Northern Tanzania ◽  
Total Tree ◽  
Large Decline

Changes in density, structure and species composition of the woody component of the two predominant savanna types in Tarangire National Park, northern Tanzania, during a period of 25 y were investigated. The park is known for its large, increasing elephant numbers and high frequency of fires. In 1996 a study on woody species density, composition and age structure, which was first performed in 1971, was repeated, using the same transects and method. Access to the original data of 1971 allowed for a full comparison of the changes and an investigation whether these could be related to changes in elephant numbers and fire frequency. The total tree density declined during the 25 y, but the decline was not evenly distributed over the different height classes. Although the density of trees taller than 5 m declined significantly, the greatest decline occurred in the density of trees shorter than 1 m. The density of trees in the intermediate height class of 1–5 m did not decline. Although damage to trees by elephants increased during the 25-y period, c. 25% showed no browse damage and, except for some severely damaged trees, elephant damage was not found to reduce tree vigour. Elephants affected the size distribution of the savanna woody component much more than the density, while the data suggest no significant effect of fire on changes in tree density. The large decline in density of small trees was attributed to a severe drought in 1993. Based on large numbers of elephants during the past decades and on relatively low elephant impact on the total tree density, the present study suggests that the current elephant number of 2300 can be sustained in the park without causing detrimental effects, provided that their current range is maintained.

Islamophobia

2019 ◽  
pp. 244-271
Author(s):  
Martin Pugh
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Islamic Fundamentalism ◽  
The West ◽  
Small Minority ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Proximate Causes ◽  
To Come ◽  
The 1960S

This chapter discusses how, misled by Islamophobic propaganda, Britain and America were unable to come to terms with what they called ‘Islamism’. The origins of what is variously known as Islamism, Islamic fundamentalism, and radical Islamism lie in the 1960s, in the ideas of a handful of Muslims in Pakistan, Egypt, and Iran who believed that Muslims had been led astray from their religion by nationalist movements. Although some Muslims were critical of Western morality and politics, Islamism was not primarily anti-Western: it was essentially a reaction against what were widely seen as the corrupt, authoritarian, and secular regimes that controlled much of the Muslim world. The aim was to evict them, return to a purer form of Islam and re-create an Islamic state. In view of the exaggerated reputation it enjoys in the West, it is worth remembering that this movement has largely been a failure. Yet while fundamentalism appeals to only a small minority, it is also the case that large numbers of Muslims have become aggrieved by the policies of the Western powers. The explanation for this can be found in long-term frustration with the consistently pro-Israeli policy of Britain and the United States over Palestine, in addition to the proximate causes in the shape of two Afghan wars, the genocide in Bosnia, the Rushdie affair, and the first Gulf War in 1990, which made many Muslims see themselves as the victims of Western aggression and interventionism.

scholarly journals Authors and Their ‘Mischievous’ Books: The Salutary Experience of Southey v Sherwood

Authorship ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Lives ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
To Come

In the 1817 case of Southey v Sherwood Lord Eldon LC denied an injunction against the pirating of Robert Southey’s potentially ‘mischievous’ Wat Tyler, setting the tone for judgments in cases to come. The judges’ approach gave little account to the concerns of the authors whose interests in controlling their pirates lay in preserving their reputations and maintaining their livelihoods. The upshot was that the pirates prospered, large numbers of possibly seditious, blasphemous, defamatory and obscene books were published in England, and authors and judges were publicly excoriated. Eventually, judges had to reconsider their failed approach while authors looked for new ways to control their status and sources of income – as well as formulating some sharper distinctions between their public and private lives.

scholarly journals Changing Nature of Power and Leadership: How do They Matter in Rural Nepal?

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
Mahendra Sapkota
Keyword(s):  
Local Governance ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Power Structure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Local Power ◽  
To Come ◽  
Rural Nepal ◽  
Ontological Position

Globally, power and leadership are considered as two unavoidable factors of social change and local development. In Nepal’s federal context, the nexus of power and leadership has been less addressed in academic research though most of the studies are focused on local governance. The present study attempts to analyze the nature of leadership and its power structure in the context of rural Nepal. It follows a critical ontological position of the development of power and leadership. Methodologically, a complete leadership of Dogana village in Suddhodhan Rural Municipality of Rupandehi district (Lumbini Province) was undertaken to assess the rural leadership. It is found that the most important factor for holding the rural leadership was ‘affiliation with the political party’, which was followed by ‘well-being ranking’ and ‘caste/ ethnic status’ of the leadership. The rural leaders used to change their policies and strategies to create and sustain power, such as doing multiple professions and building networks other than politics. The paper, therefore, concludes that a significant change occurred in leadership pattern and power structure of rural Nepal from informal to formal, and less inclusive to more inclusive and representative. Despite this, the changes are still elite-centric, politically vested, and economically favorable either to the upper-class people or middle-class mediators (bichauliyas). The study predicts that the contestations in leadership and power-sharing could be more critical in the days to come with the implementation of federalism in the rural context. The implication of this study largely relies on the context of local power structure and village politics in Nepal.

Afghan turmoil raises migration fears in Europe

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Burden Sharing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Afghan Refugees ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Eu

Significance A significant rise in Afghan refugees is unlikely over the coming weeks due to geographical barriers, but European governments are bracing themselves for a significant rise over the coming months. Greek Migration Minister Notis Mitarachi says the EU is not prepared for another migration crisis. Impacts With upcoming elections, Germany and France will be wary of taking in large numbers of refugees. Division over immigration could damage EU cooperation in other areas, such as climate change or fiscal policy. The strongest opposition to migration burden-sharing is likely to come from Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland.

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