Ut Pictura Tragoedia: An Extrinsic Approach to British Neoclassic and Romantic Theatre

1987 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Spoken Language ◽  
Patent System ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mechanical Effects ◽  
Art Form ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time

It is a commonplace among historians that British theatre during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries is best characterized on the one hand by its taste for scenic spectacle, and on the other by what Allardyce Nicoll termed ‘a general dramatic debility’. For the first time in British theatrical history, spectacle for its own sake became the principal attraction for most of the audience. Not spoken language, whether poetry or prose, but the sentient lure of elaborate scenery, pantomime, music, and mechanical effects swelled the receipts of the major and minor houses alike. The ascendancy of visual spectacle over dialogue drama of autonomous literary merit is customarily regarded as a debasement of theatre as an art form, attributed with varying degrees of emphasis to the legal shackles of the patent system and the Lord Chamberlain's censorship; to the cavernous expansion of the major houses; and to commercially expedient appeals by the managers to less cultivated tastes in the burgeoning, heterogeneous audience. This durable theory of theatrical prostration is a reductive judgement, the result of critical bias and a limited methodology that have been mind-forged manacles for historical research in theatre since its inception in the 1930s.

Historical Research and Cultural History in Nineteenth-Century Austria: The Archivist Joseph Chmel (1798–1858)

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 115-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Ottner
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Academic World ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Cultural Science ◽  
The One

During the nineteenth century, history developed into an independent discipline with important cultural and intellectual functions in both the academic world, as well as in society at large. Specific circumstances contributed to the rise in importance of this discipline: On the one hand, the emergence of an educated bourgeoisie and rising nationalist movements influenced the study of history; whereas on the other hand, public demands for assurances of continuity, as well as conservative efforts for restoration, also played an important role in history's growth in importance. Historicism, which began to establish itself in late-eighteenth-century Germany, had its forerunners in research approaches that grew out of the late Enlightenment. Concepts of cultural science [Kulturwissenschaft] developed by scholars of the late Enlightenment paved the way for the rise of the historical discipline during the first half of the nineteenth century.

Comments on the updated recommendations of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) for the treatment of gout. Lifestyle (part 2)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
M. S. Eliseev
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
The Other ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
American College Of Rheumatology ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The One ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
First Time

Updated ACR recommendations for the treatment of gout concerning lifestyle are discussed. Factors related to a lifestyle, above all food habits, for many years were of leading importance in the treatment of patients with gout, even after application of effective drugs. The authors of the updated ACR recommendations for the first time offered to reconsider the role of environmental factors in the genesis of gout and objectively assess the possibility of its non-drug treatment. On the one hand, regardless of the activity of the disease, the need for restrictions of the alcohol, purine-rich products and fructose-containing beverages, as well as the decrease of body weight in obese patients and vitamin C usage unviability are confirmed. On the other hand, these recommendations are conditional. Their new version of ACR recommendations is significantly different from both its previous version and other international and national recommendations, including recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of gout used in the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Geographical vocabulary of the Shilan dialect of the Erzya-Mordovian language

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-367
Author(s):  
Nikolai V. Belenov
Keyword(s):  
Original Composition ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
The One ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
First Time ◽  
Source Materials ◽  
Made In

Introduction. The article presents the results of research of the geographical vocabulary of the Shilan dialect, one of the Erzya-Mordovian dialects of the Samara region, common among Erzya population of Shilan village in Krasnoyarsk region. The dialect belongs to rare Mordovian dialects of the Samara Volga region that were formed in the region since the middle of the XIX century, and therefore its research is of extra interest. Materials and Methods. The research methods are determined by the purpose and objectives of the study. The analysis of the geographical vocabulary of the Shilan dialect is carried out with the involvement of relevant items made in other Mordovian dialects of Samara region, adjacent territories of neighboring regions, as well as other territories of settlement of the Mordovians. Data on geographical vocabulary of the dialect introduced into research for the first time. The main source materials for the article is based on field studies in Silane village during the field seasons in 2017 and 2020, as well as in other Erzya-Mordovian and Moksha-Mordovian villages of Samara region and adjacent territories in 2015 – 2020. Results and Discussion. The study showed that the geographical vocabulary of the Shilan dialect of the Erzya-Mordovian language is significantly different from the corresponding lexical clusters in other dialects of the Mordovian region, which can be explained by natural geographical conditions surrounding Shilan village and the original composition of this lexical cluster of Erzya immigrants who founded this village. Conclusion. The analysis of the geographical vocabulary of the Shilan dialect allowed, on the one hand, to identify specific features of this cluster that distinguish it from the corresponding materials of other Mordovian dialects of the region, and, on the other hand, to identify common isoglosses between it and a number of the Erzya-Mordovian dialects of the Samara Volga region.

scholarly journals The Figure of Distrust: Prince A.S. Menshikov in the Maritime Department during the Period of Reforms, 1826–1828

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 702-733
Author(s):  
Kseniya V. Donik
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Situation ◽  
Functional Characteristics ◽  
Problem Context ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time ◽  
Official Records

The article considers the role of Prince A. Menshikov as a specific type of agent of supreme authority in the process of reforming the maritime administration. The problem context of reforms resulted from the involvement of the naval generals and officials in abuses, which was a consequence of nepotism and unrest in the navy. The involvement of sailors in the Decembrist revolt significantly affected the attitude of the tsar to the general situation in the naval environment. Distrustful of the existing naval administration, Nicholas I needed an intermediary who would implement his idea of the arrangement of the navy on the one hand, and provide him with an objective “impartial” account of maritime problems, on the other hand. As a result of that, Adjutant General Prince A. Menshikov, who had had nothing to do with the naval service earlier, joined the navy to become the monarch’s agent in charge of the naval issues in the bodies of autocratic authority. The objective of the article is to identify the functions of such an agent based on the example of the Maritime Department. The sources of the article include official records and personal documents, some of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The principal methodological approach to the problem under study is an attempt to bring the appointment of Menshikov beyond the scope of narrow departmental history which was based on the unmotivated decision of the emperor and to propose an interpretation of the events in the context of tsarist government via agents, which has already been described in historiography. The author makes a conclusion about the interconnection between the crisis in the naval department, the attitude of the supreme authority towards it, and the appearance of the monarch’s agent with a number of his own functional characteristics.

Vladimir Titov’s Letter to Vladimir Odoevsky as a Well-Known Response to Ivan Turgenev’s Article “Hamlet and Don Quixote” (Contemporaries’ Reception of Turgenev’s Interpretation of the Image of Hamlet)

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-116
Author(s):  
Ivan O. Volkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
German Idealism ◽  
Don Quixote ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Library ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time

For the first time, in the article, Vladimir Titov’s letter (dated 12/24 February 1869) is published and commented. In the 1820s, in Russia, Titov was well-known as a writer and literature theorist, the author of a romantic novella The Remote House on Vasilyevsky Island (1829) close to Society of Lyubomudriye. The letter extracted from the archives of the National Library of Russia is addressed to Duke Vladimir Odoevsky whose relationship with Titov was friendly from the very beginning of their acquaintance. The letter focuses on Ivan Turgenev’s speech published in the first issue of Sovremennik and titled “Hamlet and Don Quixote”. Reacting to Turgenev’s article, Titov shortly and critically accesses the comparison concentrating mainly on the image of Hamlet and thoroughly expresses his opinion on the essence of his tragic state. Titov’s opinion is just the opposite of Turgenev’s complex and multidimensional interpretation. Having experienced the great impact of the philosophy of German idealism at the beginning of his career, Titov to a great extent idealizes Shakespeare’s character whom he long knows and whom he is clearly eager to vindicate. Meanwhile, Titov does not pursue the aim to absolutely advocate the romantic halo of Hamlet as a Titanic personality (grandiose intellect and scale of feeling) and to enact the tragic pathos of the inner fight only. Developing Goethe’s definition of the essence of the character’s inner conflict, Titov, on the one hand, approaches its real understanding underlying the prince’s necessity to stay in a derogatory position of a “pitiful semiclown, indecisive grouch and shred”. On the other hand, the assessment can not be absolutely objective because Titov wants to see Hamlet as a victim of the fatal fortune which turns him into a character of an almost classical tragedy of fate. Titov’s bright and developed reaction (in the document of private nature) to Turgenev’s article is attractive and important first of all for its vividly demonstrated novelty and creativity of the writer’s view, wideness and multimodality of the author’s perception of Hamlet’s image. For the first time, Turgenev gave a developed interpretation of Shakespeare’s image in the tale “Hamlet of Shchigrovsky Province” (1848). Continuing his searches in the area of “Russian” (or “steppe”) Hamlet, Turgenev creates moral and philosophical problems of the English tragedy in the crisis socio-historical and cultural atmosphere of Russia of the 1840s. However, the principles of the artistic generalization and the peculiarities of the new reading, not mentioned and not fully comprehended by his contemporaries, were surprising and rejected when the speech “Hamlet and Don Quixote” appeared, in which Shakespeare’s character is presented ultimately vividly and lively in the then current interpretation.

FROM “CALM CHAOS” TO “COLIBRI”. THE WORKS OF SANDRO VERONESI

2021 ◽  
pp. 122-131
Author(s):  
Tatiana A. Bystrova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Italian Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Surrounding World ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time

The paper examines two key novels by Sandro Veronesi, the modern Italian writer, Calm Chaos (2006) and Colibri (2020). Both novels were awarded Italy’s main literary prize, the Premio Strega, which is a unique precedent. The relevance of the article comes from the high demand for research on contemporary Italian literature on the one hand and from the novelty of the proposed interpretation for the novel Calm Chaos on the other hand. For the first time, the protagonist of Calm Chaos, Pietro Palladini, is presented not as a preacher of eternal values, returning the reader to the theme of knowing oneself and the surrounding world, but as a mad visionary with clear signs of psychopathy and schizophrenia. The analysis of Veronesi’s latest novel Colibri reveals the character’s evolution and the writer’s narrative manner. The theme of psychiatry in the life of a modern person appears to be one of the key ones in Veronesi’s work.

French Impressions: The Transnational Afterlives of Verlaine’s ‘La lune blanche’ in Song

2021 ◽  
pp. 150-152
Author(s):  
David Evans
Keyword(s):  
Art Song ◽  
National Identities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mode I ◽  
Source Text ◽  
The Real ◽  
Art Form ◽  
The One

In this chapter I compare settings of Verlaine’s ‘La Lune blanche’ (‘The White Moon’) by composers of different nationalities (Delius, Webern, Sorabji, Loomis, Nevin, Loeffler, Hennessy, Poldowski, McEwen, Szulc, Stravinsky) in order to show how different ideas of French song – and of art song itself – emerge through the multiple dialogues of its transnational crossings. Two opposing approaches become clear: on the one hand, songs which maintain a reverence towards the source text as a symbol of the cultural cachet which French mélodie has enjoyed since its 1880-1930 heyday; and on the other, songs which offer a curiously unplaceable musical material, staking a claim for music as an mode of articulation which functions independently from language and, indeed, from national identities which are always in danger of falling into repetition, cliché, and pastiche. This latter mode, I suggest, comes closest to the real heart of mélodie as understood by its foremost French purveyors, Fauré and Debussy, and which composers like Stravinsky draw out of Verlaine’s text: a conception of song as an art form uniquely placed to offer a critique of fixed national paradigms and stable interpretative systems, by constantly calling into question, through their formal complexities, the very processes by which meaning itself is produced.

9. An introduction to copyright

2019 ◽  
pp. 173-176
Author(s):  
Paul Torremans
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Printing Press ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
The One ◽  
Exclusive Right ◽  
First Time

This chapter first discusses the two roots of copyright. On the one hand, copyright began as an exclusive right to make copies—that is, to reproduce the work of an author. This entrepreneurial side of copyright is linked in with the invention of the printing press, which made it much easier to copy a literary work and, for the first time, permitted the entrepreneur to make multiple identical copies. On the other hand, it became vital to protect the author now that his or her work could be copied much more easily and in much higher numbers. The chapter then outlines the key concepts on which copyright is based.

scholarly journals Harold Cohen and AARON: Collaborations in the last six years (2010–2016) of a Creative Life

Leonardo ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Louise Sundararajan
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Art Form ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
The One ◽  
Creative Life

This article documents Harold Cohen’s last phase of creativity from 2010 till his death in 2016, a period which witnessed an accelerated co-evolution of Cohen’s relationship with AARON, on the one hand; and his technological and artistic innovations, on the other, culminating in a new art form featuring the void. Implications for the human and machine interface are discussed.

Larval development of ovine Neostrongylus linearis in four experimentally infected mollusc species

1994 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Y. Manga-González ◽  
M.P. Morrondo-Pelayo
Keyword(s):  
Post Infection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Cepaea Nemoralis ◽  
In Series ◽  
Mollusc Species ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time

AbstractDevelopment of Neostrongylus linearis larvae was studied in the snail intermediate hosts Oestophora (Oestophora) barbula, Oestophorella buvinieri, Cepaea nemoralis and Helix (Cryptomphalus) aspersa. The molluscs of each species, all adults, were divided into groups of 40 for infection purposes. The infection doses for the first two snail species were 90 and 50 first stage larvae (L1) of N. linearis, respectively. For C. nemoralis two batches were tested: one with 200 L1 kept at 19°C and the other with 250 L1 at a temperature of 21°C. The same was done with Helix (C.) aspersa with 200 L1 at a temperature of 21°C, on the one hand and 300 L1 at 24°C on the other. One or two molluscs of each species were killed in series from the 6th day post-infection (p.i.) until the 44th. Percentage values for total larvae (1, 2 and 3) and L3 were higher with the lower dose for C. nemoralis, whilst the same was true with the higher dose in Helix (C.) aspersa. In both cases, the higher temperature appeared to contribute to cycle acceleration. Using one way analysis of variance, statistically significant differences were detected between the species of molluscs tested concerning percentages of L1 which penetrated, total larvae and L3. According to our results, the decreasing order of susceptibility of these species of molluscs as experimental intermediate hosts of N. linearis is: O. buvinieri, Oestophora (O.) barbula, C. nemoralis and Helix (C.) aspersa. It is the first time that Oestophora (O.) barbula and Oestophorella buvinieri have been named as experimental intermediate hosts of N. linearis.

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