It's about Time: The Temporal Evolution of Order

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
MOSHE PERLSTEIN
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Measure For Measure ◽  
Analyse Time

This article borrows its methodology from physics in order to analyse time in the theatre as evolution of order. Two set designs (both designed by Roni Toren for the Khan Theatre in Jerusalem) are portrayed through this perspective, representing inverse examples. In Measure for Measure, directed by Gadi Roll, the temporal evolution of space is from order to disorder, obeying the second law of thermodynamics. On the other hand, in The Seagull, directed by Ofira Henig, the evolution contradicts that law. The problem of depicting disorder on stage, the possibility of such a contradiction, the implication of the two different perceptions and their ethical values are discussed to prove the effectiveness of a methodology adopted from physics.

A Critical Review of Second Law Costing Methods—II: Calculus Procedures

1989 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Gaggioli ◽  
Y. M. El-Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Cost Accounting ◽  
The Other ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Economic Applications ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Relevant Cost

The following article completes the review of the development and state of engineering economic applications of the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which was begun in Part I (El-Sayed and Gaggioli, 1989). We began with a historical review, followed by a brief discussion of the relevant cost accounting concepts and, in turn, general descriptions of the different exergy costing methods which are in existence. Then, the various algebraic techniques of exergy costing were analyzed and critiqued, generally by considering successive publications developing and/or based on a technique. This paper, on the other hand, is devoted primarily to calculus methods. Of course the algebraic and calculus techniques do relate to each other, and those relationships are developed here. Furthermore, general concepts, discussion and conclusions which are relevant to both algebraic and calculus methods are presented, along with suggestions regarding further research.

scholarly journals VI. An examination into the structure of the cells of the human lungs; with a view to ascertain the office they perform in respiration. By Sir Everard Home, Bart. V. P. R. S. Illustrated by microscopical drawings from the pencil of F. Bauer, Esq. F. R. S

1827 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Present Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Acid Gas ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Human Lungs ◽  
Measure For Measure ◽  
Anatomical Knowledge

No subject connected with physiological enquiry has more excited the attention of the anatomist and chemist, than respiration; but the association between this subject and animal heat, which has so long been supposed to exist, has led to the belief, for the last century, that both enquiries belong more particularly to chemistry than anatomy, and I may probably be considered as going out of my province in taking up this investigation. On the other hand, I see reason to believe that the process of respiration is in itself more simple than is imagined, and more within the reach of disco­very by means of accurate anatomical knowledge of the parts employed, than by means of acquaintance with the intricacies belonging to chemical affinities: I carry this so far as to contend that no explanation of respiration upon chemical principles is to be depended on, unless it accord in all respects with the anatomy and physiology of the lungs , by which the assumed process takes place. The present theory respecting respiration adopted by the chemists, is, that this process decarbonises the blood in the following manner; at every inspiration a compound of oxygen and nitrogen, mixed together, is received into the lungs, and in every expiration, the same volume is returned, measure for measure exactly, with this only difference, that what entered as oxygen is returned in the form of carbonic acid gas, which, according to their theory, proves that no part of the inspired atmospheric air has been retained in the lungs, but a quantity of carbon, equal to that of the oxygen inspired, has been extracted from the blood by the oxygen, making it become carbonic acid gas.

Models and Explanations: Understanding Chemical Reaction Mechanisms

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry K. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Mechanical Analogy ◽  
Boston College ◽  
Chemical Reaction Mechanisms

In 1997, Ross Kelly and his coworkers at Boston College reported their results from an experiment with an intriguing premise (Kelly et al., 1997; see also Kelly et al., 1998). They had synthesized the molecule shown in figure 12.1. It was designed to be a “molecular ratchet,” so named because it appeared that it should undergo internal rotation about the A—B bond more readily in one direction than the other. The reason for thinking this might occur was that the benzophenanthrene moiety—the “pawl” of the ratchet—was anticipated to be helical. Thus, in some sense, this might be an inverse ratchet where the asymmetry dictating the sense of rotation would reside in the pawl rather than in the “teeth” on the “wheel” (the triptycene unit) as it does in a normal mechanical ratchet. Kelly and coworkers designed an elegant experiment to determine whether their molecular ratchet was functioning as anticipated, and they were (presumably) disappointed to find that it was not—internal rotation about the A—B bond occurred at equal rates in each direction. In 1998 Davis pointed out that occurrence of the desired behavior of the molecular ratchet would have constituted a violation of the second law of thermodynamics (Davis, 1998). With hindsight, I think most chemists would agree that Davis’s critique is unassailable, although the appeal of the mechanical analogy was so strong that I imagine those same chemists would also understand if Kelly et al. had overlooked the thermodynamic consequences of their proposal in the original design of the experiment. But now comes the interesting question: Suppose Kelly et al. had been fully aware that their experiment, if successful, would undermine the second law of thermodynamics, should they have conducted it anyway? Davis, in his critique writes: . . .Some would argue that this experiment was misconceived. To challenge the Second Law may be seen as scientific heresy (a nice irony, considering the Jesuit origins of Boston College), and the theoretical arguments against molecular ratchets and trapdoors are well developed. . . .

scholarly journals Values education in childhood TV programmes

Comunicar ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Moreno-García
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Values Education ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Derechos Humanos ◽  
Other Hand

This paper emphasizes the influence of TV programmes for children on their ethical values, taking some programmes of the Spanish television (TVE) as examples. Their contents usually fit values praised by the society and human rights. On the other hand, other programmes aimed at a different audience (such as series or advertisements) but also watched by children, don´t respect those principles and they even contradict them.Este texto hace hincapié en cómo desde los programas infantiles televisivos se puede moldear la concepción moral del público al que van dirigido, basándose en ejemplos concretos de TVE. Sus mensajes suelen ajustarse a valores compartidos por una amplia base de la sociedad y recogen el fundamento de los derechos humanos. Aunque este estudio se centra en este aspecto concreto, cabe resaltar como otros formatos televisivos no dirigidos al público infantil pero sí consumidos por los mismos (teleseries o publicidad), no sólo no respetan esta concepción sino que incluso la contradicen. Sirva como ejemplo que dentro de las franjas de publicidad dirigidas al público infantil, la publicidad no siempre respeta principios como el de la igualdad de género.

Mixing of Compressible Fluids

1961 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Compressible Fluid ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Stagnation Pressure ◽  
Compressible Fluids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Conservation Equations ◽  
Dimensionless Parameters ◽  
Constant Area

The problem of the mixing of two streams of the same compressible fluid in a constant-area duct is solved by applying certain dimensionless parameters first used by Kiselev. The extension to dissimilar fluids or to more than two streams is straightforward. Although the analysis is unrestricted, detailed results are given only for the case where one stream is sonic or supersonic and the other sonic or subsonic at the origin of mixing. For this case, the second law of thermodynamics indicates that, of the two solutions of the conservation equations, the subsonic one is always permitted while some of the supersonic solutions are thermodynamically impossible. Upon examination of experimental data, it is further concluded that of the admissible supersonic solutions, only one may be expected to occur. The establishment of this supersonic solution with its relatively high stagnation pressure leads to the conclusion that when the initial temperatures are sufficiently different, there exist thermodynamically possible solutions with a stagnation pressure higher than that of either of the two initial streams.

scholarly journals The refugee regime and its weaknesses. Prospects for human rights and Kant’s ethic

Human Affairs ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Koudelka
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Security Risks ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Western Concept

AbstractWhen governments create refugee policies they consider several factors (security, economics, ethics, etc.). There are reasons why admitting refugees could have negative consequences (for example, security risks). On the other hand, if the recipient societies have ideals that stress the importance of helping other people, they should act according to their values. The aim of this article is to examine the concept of human dignity and show that European states should admit and help refugees because it is in accordance with their ethical values and the international agreements they have signed. This is important because when European countries hesitate to help refugees, they act not only contrary to their humane tradition, but they can harm them. The western concept of human dignity is one of the main values that stresses that each person is important—that they are equal and free.

scholarly journals Distinguishability of non-orthogonal density matrices does not imply violations of the second law

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
PierGianLuca Porta Mana
Keyword(s):  
Hilbert Space ◽  
Density Matrix ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Density Matrices ◽  
Matrix Space ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
Quantum Thermodynamic

The hypothetical possibility of distinguishing preparations described by non-orthogonal density matrices does not necessarily imply a violation of the second law of thermodynamics, as was instead stated by von Neumann. On the other hand, such a possibility would surely mean that the particular density-matrix space (and related Hilbert space) adopted would not be adequate to describe the hypothetical new experimental facts. These points are shown by making clear the distinction between physical preparations and the density matrices which represent them, and then comparing a "quantum" thermodynamic analysis given by Peres with a "classical" one given by Jaynes.

scholarly journals A General Solution to the Different Formulations of the Second Law of Thermodynamics

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Saeed Shahsavari ◽  
Mehran Moradi
Keyword(s):  
General Solution ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
New Approach ◽  
General Physics ◽  
Classical Thermodynamics ◽  
Physical Laws ◽  
Energy Components

The second law of thermodynamics is one of the most important physical laws that has been extracted by different formulations. In this paper, a new approach to study different formulations of the second law is extracted based on the energy components of the system as well as introducing the independent and dependent energy components concepts. Also, two main formulations of classical thermodynamics, and also entropy from the perspective of general physics are discussed based on the energy components of the system for constant applied energy to the system in different conditions. Kelvin-Plank and Clausius formulations, as two main classical formulations, are all assertions about impossible processes. Considering the energy structure equation of the system, as an equation to formulate the performed process using activated energy components, it is shown that different formulations of the second law of thermodynamics represent the same concept in the perspective of the energy structure. Finally, a new general formulation to the second law, based on the energy structure of the system is extracted, and the equivalence as the other formulations is shown. The presented formulation is extracted based on the dependent and independent activated energy components, and in fact, shows all possible paths in the considered energy applying to the system.

scholarly journals Realization of Maxwell’s Hypothesis: A Heat-Electric Conversion in Contradiction to the Kelvin Statement

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyong Fu ◽  
Zitao Fu
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Uniform Magnetic Field ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
The Other ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Heat Reservoir ◽  
Static Uniform Magnetic Field

In a vacuum tube, two identical and parallel Ag-O-Cs surfaces, with a work function of approximately 0.8eV, ceaselessly emit thermal electrons at room temperature. The thermal electrons are so controlled by a static uniform magnetic field that they can fly only from one Ag-O-Cs surface to the other, resulting in a potential difference and an electric current, and transferring a power to a resistance outside the tube. The ambient air is a single heat reservoir in the experiment, and all the heat extracted by the tube from the air is converted into electric energy without producing any other effect. The authors maintain that the experiment is in contradiction to the Kelvin statement of the second law of thermodynamics.

Effects of Moral Values on Individuals and Society and Its Relation to Economic Development: An Analytical Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Mohammad Maseehur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Relationship

Moral and ethical values guide a person to differentiate what is good and wrong, and provides an acceptable code of behaviors that all members of a particular society are supposed to follow so as to live in peace and harmony. On the other hand, there are a strong relationship between moral values and economic development of society as well as country. The article aims to describe effects of moral values on individuals and society. It also aims to discover the relationship between development of society and moral values through applying analytical method. The study cleared that deterioration of moral values, ethical values; common manners, respect, civility and proper etiquette have impacted negatively on the individuals and modern society.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document