Teasing to induce ovarian activity in anoestrous mule ewes

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 166-166
Author(s):  
M F Ibraheem ◽  
J S M Hutchinson ◽  
M E King ◽  
L M Mitchell ◽  
M Donald
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Ram Effect ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Reproductive Processes ◽  
Stimulation Of

Efficient management techniques in sheep production must take particular account of the pattern of reproductive behaviour and its application in the manipulation of reproductive processes. Conventionally in the UK, the advancement of the breeding season has been achieved by the use of progesterone-impregnated sponges and pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin (PMSG). The ‘ram effect’ has been shown to be a powerful and cheap way of controlling the time of mating of sheep. The objective of the present study was to investigate the value of using different methods of teasing for the stimulation of ovarian activity in an early lambing flock.

Stimulation of seasonally anovular mule ewes by rams

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 57-57
Author(s):  
H. F. Ibraheem ◽  
M. E. King ◽  
J. S. M. Hutchinson ◽  
G. J. Gunn ◽  
L. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Serum Gonadotropin ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Activity Groups ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Stimulation Of

Early lamb production is a specialist enterprise in which profitability is highly dependent on getting all the lambs sold while prices are still high in Spring when lamb is in short supply. This involves lambing in late December/early January. Hence ewes must be mated in August. Conventionally in the UK, this has been achieved by the use of progesterone-impregnated sponges and pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG). The ram effect is a powerful technique for the control of sheep reproduction. The objective of the present study was to reinvestigate the value of teasers for the stimulation of seasonal activity in the ewe.125 (2-3 yr) Mule ewes (Blue-faced Leicester x Swaledale or Blackface), isolated from rams for two months, were used to investigate the effect of different durations of teasing on the stimulation of seasonal activity. Groups of 25 ewes were exposed to either teaser vasectomised rams and teaser ovariectomised ewes (induced into behavioural oestrus by an intramuscular injection of 0.2 mg of oestradiol benzoate) for 1 month (group l), 3 weeks (group 2) and 2 weeks (group 3); or vasectomised rams only for 2 weeks (group4); or left untreated (group 5). At the imposition of treatments, groups were isolated from each other and from contact with other 3heep by a distance of at least 1 km. Plasma progesterone was measured twice weekly on 8 animals, per group to determine ovarian activity.

scholarly journals Reproductive Behaviour in Survival: A Comparison between Wild and Domestic Sheep

1988 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Maternal Behaviour ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Behavioural Characteristics ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Wild Sheep ◽  
Ram Effect

The recorded behaviour of wild species of Ovis at the beginning of the breeding season supports the proposal that mating is synchronized by the 'ram effect', a phenomenon already described in domestic sheep. Animals separate into exclusive male flocks, and flocks of females and young animals for most of the year. They reunite just before the rutting season. At lambing there appear to be behavioural mechanisms that ensure that ewes lamb in close proximity to one another. It is hypothesized that these behavioural characteristics of wild sheep help protect the newborn and that much of the reproductive and maternal behaviour of domestic sheep may be traced to comparable behaviour in wild species.

scholarly journals Exploring corporate engagement with carbon management techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Katherine Piper ◽  
James Longhurst
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Carbon Management ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
Sequential Mixed Methods ◽  
Management Hierarchy ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Sustainability Initiatives ◽  
The Uk

This paper explores the different ways of managing carbon in organisational settings.  It uses a sequential mixed methods approach – literature review, discussions with sustainability thought leaders, and online survey and interviews with company sustainability leaders – to consider and critique the use of the carbon management hierarchy (CMH) by selected corporate bodies in the UK. The derived empirical evidence base enables a triangulated view of current performance and potential improvements. Currently, carbon management models are flawed, being vague in relation to the operational reductions required prior to offsetting and making no mention of Science Based Targets nor the role corporations could play in wider sustainability initiatives. An amended CMH is proposed incorporating wider sustainability initiatives, varying forms of offsets, the inclusion of accounting frameworks and an annual review mechanism to ensure progress towards carbon neutrality. If such a model were to be widely used, it would provide more rapid carbon emissions reductions and mitigation efforts, greater certainty in the authenticity of carbon offsets, wider sustainability impacts and a faster trajectory towards carbon neutrality.

scholarly journals Organic livestock in the Republic of Croatia and Europe

Krmiva ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Zvonko Antunović ◽  
Đuro Senčić ◽  
Josip Novoselec ◽  
Danijela Samac ◽  
Željka Klir
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Organic Meat ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the present study was to analyze the situation in organic livestock farming in Croatia and Europe. In the European countries in the year 2017, around 4.5 million cattle, 5.2 million sheep, 1 million pigs and 50 million poultry were registered in organic farming. The highest share of organically registered domestic animals compared to the total population in Europe and the European Union-28 was in cattle (3.5% and 5.2%) and sheep (3.4% and 5.0%), and the lowest in pigs (0.6% and 0.7%). In Croatia the highest share is in sheep (8.57%) and the lowest in poultry (0.02%) number. The largest increase in recent ten years in the EU has been in the number of poultry (by 103%) and the smallest in the number of pigs (by 47.6%), while the increase was the number of cattle and sheep was around 76% and 74%, respectively. In Croatia organic sheep production increased the most (by 65.0%), while the number of cattle and poultry increased by 62 and 64%, and the smallest increase is in the number of pigs (by 24%). The majority of organic meat of all species of domestic animals is produced in France and in United Kingdom, while organic milk is produced mostly in Germany and France. During the year 2018, most organic beef was produced in the UK and France, organic pork in France and Finland, organic sheep meat in Spain and the UK, organic goat meat in Spain, while most of organic poultry was produced in France and in the UK. A significant increase in the number of livestock in organic farming in Europe and in Croatia indicates an increasing interest in organic livestock farming, not only increase of farmers and processors but also increase of consumers of organic products in European countries.

scholarly journals A Comparative Survey Of Capital Investment Decision Practices In The United States And The United Kingdom

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Klammer ◽  
Neil Wilner ◽  
Jan Smolarski
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United States ◽  
Capital Expenditures ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Comparative Survey ◽  
The Uk

Capital expenditures can be crucial to firms long-term success, especially in a complex global environment. As companies increasingly compete in the global market place, it is important to study project evaluation processes from an international perspective. Capital investments involve substantial monetary commitments and risks that affect long-term firm profitability and influence capital allocation decisions in the future. Survey research in the area of capital expenditure analysis has been extensively done in both the United States [US] and the United Kingdom [UK]. This research is the first comparative survey of practices in both countries that we are aware of. A direct comparison of the use of project evaluation, management science, and risk management techniques in the two countries is made. The survey instrument used is an adaptation of the Klammer [1970] instrument that has been used repeatedly in surveys of American firms. This is the first time that it has been applied to British firms. The use of a common instrument allows for more meaningful comparisons. The samples consisted of 127 American and 59 British firms with sales of at least $100 million and capital expenditures of at least $10 million. Preliminary results indicate a continued extensive use of discounted cash flow techniques by US firms. Techniques such as payback or urgency continue to be used, but to a lesser degree than discounting. Firms in the UK also make extensive use of discounting but do so to a lesser degree than their American counterparts. Payback is widely used in the UK. Risk management techniques are widely used in both countries, with sensitivity analysis being the most popular technique in both countries. Extensive use of technical and administrative procedures, such as detailed budgets, standardized forms and post-audits, are evidenced in both countries. The paper offers reasons that have to do with organizational structure and form, as well as market differences, to explain our results.

scholarly journals Immune Responses Following BCG Immunization of Infants in Uganda and United Kingdom Are Similar for Purified Protein Derivative but Differ for Secretory Proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice A. Mawa ◽  
Mateusz Hasso-Agopsowicz ◽  
Lawrence Lubyayi ◽  
Grace Nabakooza ◽  
Marjorie Nakibuule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Secretory Proteins ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Mycobacterial Antigens ◽  
Stimulation Of

Introduction: The immunogenicity of BCG vaccination in infants differs between populations. We hypothesized that prenatal exposure to mycobacterial antigens might explain the differences in immune responses to BCG seen in other studies of infants in Africa and the United Kingdom (UK) and we explored this in birth cohorts in Uganda and the UK.Materials and Methods: Blood samples were obtained from BCG-immunized infants of mothers with (n = 110) and without (n = 121) latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in Uganda and BCG-immunized infants of mothers without LTBI (n = 25) in the UK at 10 and 52 weeks after birth. Cytokine and chemokine responses to PPD were measured to assess responses to BCG immunization, and to ESAT6/CFP10 to assess exposure to or infection with M. tuberculosis or non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in 6-day whole blood culture supernatants by a 17-plex Luminex assay. Median responses were compared between Ugandan infants (together, and separated by maternal LTBI status) and UK infants.Results: The IFN-γ response to BCG vaccination was similar between Ugandan and UK infants at 10 and 52 weeks. At week 52, TNF production was marginally higher in Ugandan infants, but after adjusting for multiple comparisons this difference was not significant. At weeks 10 and 52, stimulation of blood with ESAT6/CFP10 produced significantly higher IFN-γ, TNF, IL-12p40, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1Ra, IP-10, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and GM-CSF in Ugandan compared to UK infants. Stimulation of blood with ESAT6/CFP10 produced significantly higher amounts of IL-8 (p = 0.0001), IL-10 (p = 0.0022), and IL-13 (p = 0.0020) in the UK than in Ugandan infants of mothers without LTBI at week 10, but not at week 52.Conclusions: Immune responses to mycobacterial antigens following BCG immunization are similar for PPD, but differ for ESAT6/CFP10, between infants in Uganda and the UK. Neither maternal LTBI nor infant exposure to or infection with mycobacteria impacts the response to BCG. The observed global differences in immune response to BCG immunization are likely to be due to other causes.

scholarly journals Suppression of ovarian activity during the breeding season in suckling Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata)

Reproduction ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-I. Maeda ◽  
H. Tsukamura ◽  
S. Ohkura ◽  
T. Kanaizuka ◽  
J. Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Macaca Fuscata ◽  
Japanese Monkey ◽  
Ovarian Activity

The French sheep industry from farm to table

1990 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
J. Barber
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
High Price ◽  
Flock Size ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
High Street ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Economic Constraints

AbstractLamb is perceived in an excellent manner in France, conjuring up the image of ‘feast day meat’, which is ‘natural’, mixed with a ‘regional flavour’. Historically lamb in France has been regarded as a meat for special occasions and has carried a high price tag. This price tag is less expensive than it used to be, especially with supermarkets and hypermarkets taking between 50 and 60% of the retail market. Lamb meat is now available to all at a (relatively) low price; a meat which is still regarded as ‘special’.Lamb consumption is increasing in France; in 1988 by an estimated 4%. This is largely due to price, good marketing and very good presentation — in the supermarkets, by top quality high-street butchers and in older traditional country markets. Consumption of lamb has increased by approximately 85 000 t in the last 15 years. French production has been decreasing by about 4% per year over recent years, and France imported 63 500 t in 1984 of which 36 000 came from the United Kingdom (UK). In 1987, 108 200 t were imported, of which 60 000 t came from the UK.There is a greater market potential for lamb in France than her producers can provide. One reason for this is that there are 190 000 producers with 8.15 million ewes; an average flock size of 42. This compares with the UK which has less than half the number of producers, with double the numbers of breeding sheep, and an average flock size nearly five times the size of French flocks.From the long-term point of view, not only is a large number of the flocks too small to be viable in competition with UK producers in the European Community but a high proportion of flock owners tend to be elderly. Sheep production is taking place in areas which are difficult to farm and on small units which are difficult to expand, either because of land law restriction or through economic constraints.

scholarly journals Molecular diversity of Scutellonema bradys populations from Benin, based on ITS1 rDNA and COI mtDNA

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-332
Author(s):  
Sètondji Alban Paterne Etchiha Afoha ◽  
Antoine Affokpon ◽  
Lieven Waeyenberge ◽  
Nancy de Sutter ◽  
Clément Agbangla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Production Constraints ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Its1 Rdna ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract In Benin, yam production continues to face numerous production constraints, including yield and quality reduction by Scutellonema bradys. Implementation of efficient management techniques against this pest requires an improved understanding, including at the molecular level, of the pest. The current study aimed at identifying the Scutellonema spp. associated with yam in Benin and investigating the phylogenetic relationships between populations. Nematodes of the genus Scutellonema were obtained from tubers exhibiting external dry rot symptoms. DNA was extracted from nematodes belonging to 138 populations collected from 49 fields from 29 villages. For 51 of these populations, both the ITS1 and COI regions could be amplified via PCR, sequenced, compared with available sequences in the NCBI database and were identified as S. bradys. Maximum likelihood was used to construct 60% consensus phylogenetic trees based on 51 sequences. This phylogenetic analysis did not reveal any genetic separation between populations by cultivar, village, cropping system nor by agroecological zone. Neither could any subgroups within S. bradys be separated, indicating that no subspecies were present. An earlier published species-specific primer set was verified with the DNA of the 51 sequences and was considered a reliable and rapid method for S. bradys identification.

Annual energy intake and early post-partum performance of beef heifers differing in body size and milk potential

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 134-134
Author(s):  
S. Yildiz ◽  
K.D. Sinclair ◽  
F.E. Gebbie ◽  
P.J. Broadbent ◽  
J.S.M. Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Different Levels

As part of a long term study to assess the suitability of beef cow genotypes, differing in body size and milk potential, for different forage environments within the UK, eight purebred Aberdeen Angus (AA; considered to be small and relatively non-milky) and eight purebred Simmental (Sm; considered to be large and relatively milky) heifers were placed on different levels of annual energy intake. Changes in body composition and milk yield were recorded and related to early post partum ovarian activity.

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