Indocyanin Green Videoangiography Study of Hemangioblastomas

Abstract:Objective:We present herein the intraoperative indocyanin green videoangiography (ICGVAG) findings for three cases of cerebellar hemangioblastoma (HB).Cases:Cerebellar HB was detected in three patients presenting with symptoms of vertigo and/or headaches and diagnosed on the basis of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cerebral angiographic findings. Preoperative embolization of the tumor feeding artery was not performed in any of the patients. None of the patients underwent any procedure prior to ICGVAG that would affect the ICG findings, such as perilesional hemostatic coagulation or ablation. In each patient, it was possible to judge the approximate location of the tumor in relation to the brain surface and to distinguish the feeding and draining vessels. Following resection of the tumor, ICGVAG images confirmed that the mural nodule had been eliminated. None of the patients required blood transfusion, either during or after the surgery. For each patient, the lesion was pathologically confirmed as HB, postoperative contrast-enhanced MRI confirmed the absence of residual tumor, and diffusion-weighted MRI revealed no ischemic changes.Results:Differentiation of feeding and draining vessels in the region of the lesion is particularly important for successful surgical removal of HB. In the present three patients, ICGVAG findings enabled easy vascular differentiation and were also useful for confirming that there was no residual tumor. Indocyanin green videoangiography was concluded to be useful for safe resection of HB.

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The “Ivy-Sign” in Moyamoya Disease—From MRI Pattern to Diagnosis

Neuropediatrics ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1708546 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (04) ◽

pp. 241-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Janina Gburek-Augustat ◽

Ina Sorge ◽

Andreas Merkenschlager

Keyword(s):

Moyamoya Disease ◽

Carotid Arteries ◽

Internal Carotid ◽

Correct Diagnosis ◽

Brain Surface ◽

Contrast Enhanced ◽

Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

The Brain ◽

Internal Carotid Arteries

AbstractMoyamoya disease (MMD) is characterized by bilateral, chronic progressive stenosis at the terminal portions of the internal carotid arteries and their proximal branches. The “smoke-like” appearance of the arterial collaterals in angiography gives the disease its name. The “ivy-sign” is the less-known magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pattern of this disease. The leptomeningeal collaterals present as diffuse signal enhancement at the brain surface in contrast-enhanced T1-weighted image and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences “as if overgrown with ivy.”We report on three patients with MMD in whom the “ivy-sign” was already present but misinterpreted in the initial MRI of the brain. The correct diagnosis was made only after repeated MRI.Using three case studies, we describe the difficulties in the interpretation of the “ivy-sign” as an MRI pattern. Knowledge of the “ivy-sign” can be helpful, especially in diseases predisposing to MMD. If this MRI pattern is present, MMD should be considered and MR angiography should be added.

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Complete Resection of a Large Mediastinal Calcifying Fibrous Tumor

European Journal of Pediatric Surgery Reports ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1713135 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 08 (01) ◽

pp. e48-e51

Author(s):

Géraldine L. P. Bono ◽

Markus Lehner ◽

Freimut H. Schilling ◽

Nikolai Stahr ◽

Miriam Nowack ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tumor Resection ◽

Residual Tumor ◽

Anterior Mediastinum ◽

Complete Resection ◽

Venous Stasis ◽

Surgical Removal ◽

Large Tumor ◽

Calcifying Fibrous Tumor ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

Fibrous Tumor

AbstractCalcifying fibrous tumor (CFT) is a benign tumor entity which can present in a variety of different sites. Till date, eight cases with a mediastinal manifestation have been published in literature. Surgical removal is the treatment of choice for this often incidentally detected tumor. Surgery of thoracic CFT may be challenging due to its localization within the mediastinum. A 10-year old boy with a right-sided thoracic pectus carinatum-like deformity was referred for further evaluation, incidentally, revealing a mediastinal mass in computed tomography (CT). Laboratory results were all within normal range. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a large tumor in the upper anterior mediastinum suggesting expansive but not infiltrative character. The tumor was displacing surrounding structures like the heart and the diaphragm. Lower venous stasis with dilation of the inferior cava vein could be demonstrated. The tumor was considered to be of benign dignity and surgical removal was indicated. Complete tumor resection could be achieved through a sternotomy approach, along with thymectomy. A partial resection of both the pericardium and diaphragm was required due to adhesion with soft tissue at those sites. The specimen's size was 320 mm × 145 mm × 100 mm, histologically confirmed as CFT. The patient showed no residual tumor at 3- and 9-month follow-up. This case is a report on a large mediastinal CFT which underwent successful complete surgical removal. Following tumor resection, prognosis is considered to be good; however, key issue is complete resection to avoid local tumor recurrence.

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EEG representing on brain surface using volume rendering

Embedded Selforganising Systems ◽

10.14464/ess.v8i1.476 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 10-15

Author(s):

Dmitrii Klementev ◽

Vladimir Guzhov ◽

Wolfram Hardt

Keyword(s):

Volume Rendering ◽

Brain Research ◽

Point Of View ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Mri Scan ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Brain Surface ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

The Brain ◽

Brain Template

Brain research is challenging. One of the standard research methods is electroencephalography (EEG). As a rule, this study is presented in the form of graphs. This article describes an approach in which this data is mapped onto a brain model generated from a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. This allows you to look at the EEG study from a different point of view. An MRI scan will also allow you to take into account some of the features of the brain. This is an advantage over mapping just to a brain template. This non-invasive system can be implemented to monitor the patient in real-time, for example, during space flight.

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Combining Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Systemic Monocyte Evaluation for the Implementation of GBM Management

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22073797 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (7) ◽

pp. 3797

Author(s):

Carolina Giordano ◽

Giovanni Sabatino ◽

Simona Romano ◽

Giuseppe Maria Della Pepa ◽

Martina Tufano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Flow Cytometry ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Macrophage Polarization ◽

Residual Tumor ◽

Surgical Removal ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Flow Cytometry Data ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

Diagnostic Modalities

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for glioblastoma (GBM) patient evaluation. Additional non-invasive diagnostic modalities are needed. GBM is heavily infiltrated with tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) that can be found in peripheral blood. FKBP51s supports alternative-macrophage polarization. Herein, we assessed FKBP51s expression in circulating monocytes from 14 GBM patients. The M2 monocyte phenotype was investigated by qPCR and flow cytometry using antibodies against PD-L1, CD163, FKBP51s, and CD14. MRI assessed morphologic features of the tumors that were aligned to flow cytometry data. PD-L1 expression on circulating monocytes correlated with MRI tumor necrosis score. A wider expansion in circulating CD163/monocytes was measured. These monocytes resulted in a dramatic decrease in patients with an MRI diagnosis of complete but not partial surgical removal of the tumor. Importantly, in patients with residual tumor, most of the peripheral monocytes that in the preoperative stage were CD163/FKBP51s− had turned into CD163/FKBP51s+. After Stupp therapy, CD163/FKBP51s+ monocytes were almost absent in a case of pseudoprogression, while two patients with stable or true disease progression showed sustained levels in such circulating monocytes. Our work provides preliminary but meaningful and novel results that deserve to be confirmed in a larger patient cohort, in support of potential usefulness in GBM monitoring of CD163/FKBP51s/CD14 immunophenotype in adjunct to MRI.

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High-resolution MRI: in vivo histology?

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.2005.1777 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 361 (1465) ◽

pp. 137-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Holly Bridge ◽

Stuart Clare

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

High Resolution ◽

Post Mortem ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Brain Surface ◽

High Resolution Mri ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

The Brain ◽

Very High

For centuries scientists have been fascinated with the question of how the brain works. Investigators have looked at both where different functions are localized and how the anatomical microstructure varies across the brain surface. Here we discuss how advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have allowed in vivo visualization of the fine structure of the brain that was previously only visible in post-mortem brains. We present data showing the correspondence between definitions of the primary visual cortex defined anatomically using very high-resolution MRI and functionally using functional MRI. We consider how this technology can be applied to allow the investigation of brains that differ from normal, and what this ever-evolving technology may be able to reveal about in vivo brain structure in the next few years.

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The lifetime trajectory of schizophrenia and the concept of neurodevelopment

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience ◽

10.31887/dcns.2010.12.3/nandreasen ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 409-415 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Keyword(s):

First Episode ◽

Dementia Praecox ◽

Ventricular Enlargement ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Brain Surface ◽

Parsimonious Explanation ◽

Neurodegenerative Dementia ◽

Early Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

The Brain

Defining the lifetime trajectory of schizophrenia and the mechanisms that drive it is one of the major challenges of schizophrenia research. Kraepelin assumed that the mechanisms were neurodegenerative ("dementia praecox"), and the early imaging work using computerized tomography seemed to support this model. Prominent ventricular enlargement and increased cerebrospinal fluid on the brain surface suggested that the brain had atrophied. In the 1980s, however, both neuropathological findings and evidence from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provided evidence suggesting that neurodevelopmental mechanisms might be a better explanation. This model is supported by both clinical and MRI evidence, particularly the fact that brain abnormalities are already present in first-episode patients. However, longitudinal studies of these patients have found evidence that brain tissue is also lost during the years after onset. The most parsimonious explanation of these findings is that neurodevelopment is a process that is ongoing throughout life, and that schizophrenia occurs as a consequence of aberrations in neurodevelopmental processes that could occur at various stages of life.

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Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system: an underestimated cause of hearing loss

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215100136448 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 111 (1) ◽

pp. 60-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

M. L. Castelli ◽

A. Husband

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Hearing Loss ◽

Cranial Nerves ◽

Sensorineural Deafness ◽

Superficial Siderosis ◽

Brain Surface ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

The Brain

AbstractSuperficial siderosis of the central nervous system (CNS) is a rare disease resulting in the accumulation of haemosiderin in the meninges, the brain surface, the spinal cord and the cranial nerves. The pigment is deposited as a result of chronic bleeding in the subarachnoid space. This produces a clinical picture of deafness, ataxia, cranial nerve deficits and in the latest stages dementia. In some cases the source of bleeding can be identified, whilst in others it can not. Despite its rarity the disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of sensorineural deafness, particularly as it is a progressive and in some cases curable disease which is easily diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this case report the haemosiderin was derived from an ependymoma of the fourth ventricle with extension into the cerebello-pontine angle. The first symptom was a worsening sensorineural hearing loss.

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An MRI-Compatible Robot for Intracerebral Hemorrhage Removal

2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference ◽

10.1115/dmd2017-3451 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yue Chen ◽

Isuru S. Godage ◽

Saikat Sengupta ◽

Cindy Lin Liu ◽

Kyle D. Weaver ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽

Real Time ◽

Brain Tissue ◽

Intraoperative Imaging ◽

Surgical Removal ◽

Ct Scanner ◽

Elastic Tubes ◽

Brain Deformation ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

The Brain

Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) is the deadliest form of stroke and occurs when blood, leaked from a ruptured vessel pools in the brain forming a pool of semi-coagulated blood called a hematoma. 1 in 50 people will have an ICH in their lifetime [1] and the 30-day mortality rate is 43% with half of the deaths occurring in the acute phase, which motivates the need for safe and rapid treatment. However, literature reviews show no significant benefit of surgical removal vs. “watchful waiting”, despite the potential value of decompressing the brain. It has been hypothesized that this is due to the significant disruption of healthy brain tissue required to reach the hemorrhagic site in open brain surgery. Recent studies conducted on phantom models have shown that a robotic needle made from curved, concentric, elastic tubes can reach a hemorrhagic site through a needle-sized path to successfully aspirate the hematoma. This approach has the potential to decompress the brain with far less disruption to surrounding brain tissue [4]. Those initial experiments were conducted under guidance from periodic (low rate) CT [2]. The need for intraoperative imaging was motivated by the fact that the brain shifts during aspiration, collapsing to fill the cavity left by voided blood. This approach has the potential advantage of “one stop shopping”, since ICH is typically diagnosed in the CT scanner. It is appealing to treat ICH immediately after diagnosis, while the patient is still in the scanner. However, CT also has the drawback of requiring ionizing radiation, as well as providing only intermittent images rather than real-time information. In this paper, we consider a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) guided approach, which provides the converse in terms of both benefits and drawbacks. MRI is not typically used to diagnose ICH, but it can provide detailed soft-tissue and hematoma contrast [3], and fast image updates, enabling real-time monitoring of brain deformation during the aspiration process. Toward performing ICH aspiration with a concentric tube robot in an MRI environment, this paper presents accuracy and MR-compatibility tests for a new MR-compatible robot designed for ICH removal.

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Analytical Electron Microscopy (AEM) of Meningeal Cells Exposed to Particulate Cobalt During Studies of Experimental Epilepsy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100053590 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 186-187

Author(s):

R.G. Frederickson ◽

R.G. Ulrich ◽

J.L. Culberson

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽

Experimental Epilepsy ◽

Metallic Cobalt ◽

Experimental Animals ◽

X Ray ◽

Brain Surface ◽

Meningeal Cells ◽

Analytical Electron ◽

The Brain

Metallic cobalt acts as an epileptogenic agent when placed on the brain surface of some experimental animals. The mechanism by which this substance produces abnormal neuronal discharge is unknown. One potentially useful approach to this problem is to study the cellular and extracellular distribution of elemental cobalt in the meninges and adjacent cerebral cortex. Since it is possible to demonstrate the morphological localization and distribution of heavy metals, such as cobalt, by correlative x-ray analysis and electron microscopy (i.e., by AEM), we are using AEM to locate and identify elemental cobalt in phagocytic meningeal cells of young 80-day postnatal opossums following a subdural injection of cobalt particles.

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