VII.—The Fertility of Scottish Married Women, with Special Reference to the Period 1926–1935

1940 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 62-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Barclay ◽  
W. O. Kermack
Keyword(s):  
Reasonable Agreement ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Married Women ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Standard Rate ◽  
Straight Lines ◽  
Constant Percentage

In a previous communication (Barclay and Kermack, 1938) it has been shown that the specific legitimate fertility rates of Sweden and Denmark, viewed broadly over several decades, exhibit well-marked regularities, briefly described as conformity to a “diagonal law.” The procedure is to express the specific fertility rate, observed for any particular age-group at a certain period, as a percentage of the rate for the same age-group at a time preceding the decline of the birth-rate (“standard rate”). If now these percentages are plotted as contours on a graph, in which the abscissæ represent calendar years and the ordinates women's age, it is found that, when the age-group 15–20 is excluded, the constant percentage curves are approximately straight lines, running parallel to the diagonals in such a sense that, along any line, increase in calendar years corresponds to decrease in women's age. In Finland, the same general effect is apparent, though it is somewhat obscured by minor disturbances. It is found that, in the case of England and Wales, predictions made on the basis of the law give a reasonable agreement with estimated fertility rates calculated by the Registrar-General on the basis of census data.

scholarly journals An Improved Method of calculating Birth-Rates

1905 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Newsholme ◽  
T. H. C. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Birth Rate ◽  
Crude Birth Rate ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
True Meaning ◽  
Intercensal Period ◽  
The Right

1. The ordinary method of calculating the birth-rate does not distinguish between the influence of fertility and of variations in conditions of the population as to age and marriage.2. In ascertaining the true meaning of the great reduction of the birth-rate which has occured in the last 25 years it is necessary to have means for distinguishing between the accidental and the intrinsic causes of change.3. A step in the right direction is made when the legitimate births are stated in terms of the married women at child-bearing ages, and the illegitimate births in terms of the unmarried women of the same ages.4. This method fails to correct for the differences of fertility of the various ages comprised in the age-period 15–45.5. By calculating standard fertility-rates for given populations McLean overcame the above difficulty, and was thus able to compare experiences of a given community at different times with the standard.6. In this paper it is shown that by continuing the above process and obtaining corrected fertility-rates, the fertility-rates of different communities can be made directly comparable.7. The inconveniences of this new and unfamiliar method, and the necessity involved in it of calculating the crude as well as the corrected fertility-rate in every instance, indicate the desirability of obtaining a factor for each community which throughout an entire intercensal period can be applied to the crude birth-rate of that community.8. The desirability of such a factor is increased by the fact that the method of corrected fertility-rates does not take into account the proportion of married women in each population.9. In this paper a method is described of obtaining factors, which, when applied to the readily available crude birth-rates, correct completely both for the varying proportion of married women in compared populations and for the varying fertility at different periods of married life.10. The practical bearings of these corrected birth-rates will be discussed in a later paper.

scholarly journals Estimating, monitoring, and forecasting COVID-19 epidemics: a spatiotemporal approach applied to NYC data

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinicius V. L. Albani ◽  
Roberto M. Velho ◽  
Jorge P. Zubelli
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Monitoring And Forecasting ◽  
Group Sex ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Spatial Locations

AbstractWe propose a susceptible-exposed-infective-recovered-type (SEIR-type) meta-population model to simulate and monitor the (COVID-19) epidemic evolution. The basic model consists of seven categories, namely, susceptible (S), exposed (E), three infective classes, recovered (R), and deceased (D). We define these categories for n age and sex groups in m different spatial locations. Therefore, the resulting model contains all epidemiological classes for each age group, sex, and location. The mixing between them is accomplished by means of time-dependent infection rate matrices. The model is calibrated with the curve of daily new infections in New York City and its boroughs, including census data, and the proportions of infections, hospitalizations, and deaths for each age range. We finally obtain a model that matches the reported curves and predicts accurate infection information for different locations and age classes.

P055 Title: Standard rate of ASLO in healthy children with streptococcal (angina) or post-streptococcal (RAA) infection in Morocco

Rheumatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Himri Sara ◽  
Oumokhtar Bouchra ◽  
El Fakir Samira ◽  
Atmani Samir
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Standard Rate ◽  
Group 2

Abstract Background The antistreptolysins O “ASLO” are anti streptococcal antibodies directed against streptolysin O. The assay of ASLO can provide proof of infection of streptococcal origin. However, it cannot confirm the presence of RAA or the degree of severity of the disease. A level of ASLO less than or equal to a critical threshold of 200 IU/ml is considered normal in children. Several factors influence the ASLO title and therefore their standard rate such as age, geographic location and seasonal variation. The objective of this study is to determine the upper normal limit (ULN) of ASLO in healthy children with angina or RAA at the CHU Hassan II of Fez in Morocco. Methods This is a cross-sectional study carried out from January 2016 to July 2019 in the cardiopediatric unit of CHU Hassan II and the Anarjiss health center in Fez. Patients below 18 years of age were included in this study. The children are classified into 3 groups: group 1: 152 children with RAA and who are diagnosed according to the modified Jones criteria, group 2: 177 children with angina, group 3: 157 healthy children who did not have an RAA, a history of recurrent or recent pharyngitis. Patient data is collected on operating sheets. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v 21 software. To establish a normal upper limit for ASLOs, the 90 percentile was used as it is a value below which at least 90% of cases studied in each group. Results The most common age group in the 3 groups is the age group between 5 and 15 years old. The frequency of children of urban origin is greater than that of rural origin in all the groups studied. The ULN is 421.4U/ml in the group of normal children, 641.95 U/ml in the RAA group and 561.8 U/ml in the group of children with pharyngitis. The study of changes in ASLO rates over time shows that they increase significantly in angina and tend to decrease in RAA. The LSN of ASLOs by gender shows that it is higher for boys than for girls. The ULN according to the residence shows that it is higher in urban areas. As well as the LSN of ASLO according to the season shows that it is higher in the cold period, especially in winter and spring (P < 0.001). With regard to age, the ULN of ASLOs is higher in the 5–15 age group. Conclusion In this study, it can be concluded that an ASLO level less than or equal to 400 U/ml is the critical threshold in a normal child, while an ASLO level >400 U/ml is considered pathological in children. children in Morocco.

Preference on prenatal sex determination and its associated factors among currently married women of reproductive age group in Puducherry, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
GaneshKumar Saya ◽  
KariyarathCheriyath Premarajan ◽  
Gautam Roy ◽  
Sonali Sarkar ◽  
SitanshuSekhar Kar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

The Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Regarding HBV Infection of Married Women in the Reproductive Age Group living in Different Districts of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Atiqur Rahman ◽  
Sultana Rokeya Mannan
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Immunization Programme ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

The present study was conducted to know the knowledge, attitude and practices of 300 married women in the reproductive age group living in different districts of Bangladesh, regarding HBV infection. Only 20% of the women were found aware of the mode of transmission of HBV. However, 50% of the women were having the misconceptions regarding mode of transmission of HBV. 4% of women, 30% of children up to 5 years and 15% of children above 5 years were fully immunized with hepatitis B vaccine. 80% of children up to 5 years and 75% of children above 5 years were fully immunized as per universal immunization programme. Hence, the results of the study clearly indicated the low immunization rate with vaccine against HBV under universal immunization programme and this further potentiated the need to grow public awareness about vaccination against Hepatitis B by focusing the beneficial effect of early immunization through public electronic media. Key words: KAP; HBV; Immunization; Perinatal transmission DOI: 10.3329/medtoday.v22i1.5602 Medicine Today Vol.22(1) 2010. 29-31

scholarly journals Prevalence of reproductive tract infections and sexually transmitted infections among married women in the reproductive age group in urban slum of Bidar, Karnataka

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 4182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilip S. Rathod ◽  
Ashok D. Shelke ◽  
Dhananjay B. Naik ◽  
Pallavi M. Kesari
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) represent a major public health problem in developing countries. The consequences of RTIs are numerous and potentially devastating. The present study was conducted to give some indication of the likely burden of RTIs in urban slum of Bidar and also highlight some associated factors.Methods: This study was conducted with the objective of assessing the prevalence of various RTIs among married women in the reproductive age group of 15-44 years in an urban slum of Bidar (Karnataka) during September 2015 to February 2016. Total 357 married women in the reproductive age group of 15-44 years were interviewed.Results: The prevalence of RTI was found 36.1% with maximum prevalence of 42% in the age group of 35 years and above. Also the prevalence was high in illiterate women (53.2%), women having one or two children (54.1%), women using IUD (54.5%) and women having per capita income <Rs. 1000/- (46.35%).Conclusions: The prevalence of reproductive tract infections was most commonly associated with increasing age, illiteracy, low income, use of contraceptive methods and higher parity. The commonest reported symptom of RTI/STI was vaginal discharge. The RTI services should be focused on low income groups and health education regarding prevention and control of RTIs should be widely disseminated. 

scholarly journals Knowledge and Practice on Reproductive Heath Rights among Married Women in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar Yadav ◽  
Nand Ram Gahatraj ◽  
Dipendra Kumar Yadav ◽  
Sujan Babu Marahatta
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Health Rights

Reproductive health rights ensure that people are able to have satisfying and safe sex life and that they have the capacity to reproduce with freedom to decide, when and how often to do so. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practices on reproductive health rights among madhesi married women. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 384 madhesi married women of reproductive age in Sarlahi district conducted from July 2014 to December 2014. Data were entry in Epidata software and analyzed by SPSS 20 version. Of the total 384 respondents most of them (39.3%) were of age group 25-35 years from different ethnic groups. Most were simple illiterate (65.6%) and housewife (60.9%) very few of respondents were knowledge about reproductive health rights (37%) and not statistical significant relationship with level of knowledge and level of practice (χ 1 2 =2.036, p=0.154). Level of knowledge was statistically significant relationship with educational level (χ 4 2 = 43.983 p<0.001). Use of FP services have statistically significant relationship with Age group (p<0.001). The level of knowledge and level of practice on RHRs is still very low in Madhesi women. Keywords: Reproductive health rights; Madhesi women; practice

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document