XI.—The Effects of Implantation upon Ovarian Grafts in the Male Mouse

1928 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 148-164
Author(s):  
Y. Tamura
Keyword(s):  
Male Mouse ◽  
Germinal Epithelium ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Follicular Cells ◽  
Ovarian Structure ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Ovarian Graft ◽  
Time Of Operation

SummaryI. A series of experiments is described in which ovaries from litter sisters at the age of from 8 to 20 weeks old were grafted on to the surface of the kidney of male mice.II. The grafts were examined at periods varying from 10 to 35 days after operation. It was found that in the majority of cases the graft had retained the typical ovarian structure; in one case corpora lutea were present (35 days after transplantation).III. It is suggested that the survival of the graft is dependent primarily upon its vascularisation, and secondarily upon the degree of activity of the germinal epithelium.IV. It is assumed that if the germinal epithelium is unimpaired it proliferates; proliferation occurs first sometime before the 10th day, and continues until the graft has attained the stage at which it was at the time of operation.V. The original large follicles begin to degenerate soon after transplantation; the medium-sized and small ones develop for a certain period of time, but afterwards also undergo degeneration.VI. Graafian follicles undergo degeneration at various stages of development.VII. Interstitial tissue appears to be derived from the follicular cells of the atretic, or more probably of the primary and medium-sized anovular follicles.VIII. It is concluded that the presence of the testis does not affect the vitality of the ovarian graft.

scholarly journals Changes in the ovary of the mouse following exposure to X-rays. Part II.—- Irradiation at or before birth

1927 ◽  
Vol 101 (707) ◽  
pp. 95-114 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Present Series ◽  
Germinal Epithelium ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
X Rays ◽  
New Born ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Theca Interna ◽  
Almost All

The ovaries of a series of mice X-rayed at weaning-time (3 weeks old) were described in a previous paper (2), and the æstrous cycles of these animals were dealt with elsewhere (Parkes, 4). Although all the ovaries of the animals described in the latter paper were devoid of follicles and the majority of corpora lutea, normal æstrous cycles were observed in almost all cases. Histological study led us to conclude that following irradiation:— (1) All the oocytes degenerated completely, and the cells of the membrana granulosa, and of the theca interna, in follicles where it was differentiated, followed their example shortly afterwards. In a few cases the larger follicles did not degenerate after the disappearance of the oocyte but formed corpora lutea atretica which persisted but had no effect on the cycle. (2) The germinal epithelium proliferated cords of cells, which pressed the remnants of the old stroma into the medullary region. These cords formed the major part of the irradiated gonad and were probably responsible for the production of the oestrus-producing hormone “oestrin.” (3) The germinal epithelium in some cases proliferated a second lot of cords, which resembled structures described by some authors as anovular follicles. They resembled more closely, however, the “ tubules ” of some free-martin testes and structures described in the rabbit ovary as “spermatic tubules” (Hammond, 3). These cords were shown to have no influence on the oestrous cycle. The present series of experiments were carried out on animals of a different age, with a view to corroborating, if possible, these results from a different standpoint. It was hoped that the follicles might be removed more completely and satisfactorily, and that the formation of corpora lutea atretica might be avoided by irradiation at or before birth, as follicles are scarcely formed in the ovary of the mouse at this time. This expectation was unfortunately not realised. Further, it was thought that the more actively growing gonad of the fætal or new-born mouse might exhibit more extreme changes than those of the 3 weeks old mouse. Finally, since the accessory organs of reproduction are so little differentiated until some time after birth it was to be expected that the effect of the irradiated gonad on them would be more easily demonstrated.

Correcting the Genetically Determined Sterility of WvWv Male Mice

Development ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-427
Author(s):  
Giorgio Veneroni ◽  
Angelo Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Male Mouse ◽  
Tunica Albuginea ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Morphological Aspect ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Macrocytic Anaemia ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Homozygous Condition ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Genetically Determined

In the house-mouse the factor Wv (viable allele of the W-locus) has been described by Little & Cloudman (1937). The Wv factor, in homozygous condition, causes a typical macrocytic anaemia, a white coat with black eyes, and almost always sterility both in males and in females. The testes are small, with a thickened tunica albuginea. While the interstitial tissue is increased, the tubules contain few or no seminiferous cells. The pituitaries have been reported by Fekete, Little, & Cloudman (1941) as slightly enlarged and hyperaemic: ‘the eosinophils (α-cells) seemed to predominate and enlarged vacuolated basophils were not present’. However, Veneroni (unpublished) did not find significant differences between the pituitary glands of six normal and five WVWV males, as regards the size of the gland, the frequency of the α-cells, and the morphological aspect of the β-cells. Few experiments have been performed in order to correct pharmacologically the sterility of the WvWv male mouse (Bianchi & Manera, 1953).

OBSERVATIONS ON CADMIUM DAMAGE AND REPAIR IN RAT TESTES AND THE EFFECTS ON THE PITUITARY GONADOTROPHS

1962 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ALLANSON ◽  
R. DEANESLY
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Cytological Study ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Germinal Epithelium ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Single Subcutaneous Injection

SUMMARY Cadmium chloride, in a single subcutaneous injection, can destroy spermatogenic and interstitial cells in the rat testis (Pařízek, 1957) and produce changes in the pituitary. The interstitial tissue is restored by ingrowths from the tunica and full androgen secretion returns before there is any regeneration of germinal epithelium. A cytological study has been made of the peripheral and central pituitary gonadotrophs; the latter revert almost to normal as the interstitial tissue regenerates, whereas the former retain characteristic castration features, unless there is also regeneration of the germinal epithelium. This seems to indicate that in the normal testis there is a hormone contribution from the seminiferous tubules as well as from the interstitial cells. The long-term effects of cadmium on the testis depend on the dose. Early stages of tubule restoration have been studied, but after administration of 0·9 mg., actual proliferation of the germinal epithelium was rarely found—only in four out of twenty rats, 113 or 142 days after injection.

STEROID METABOLIC PATHWAYS IN THE OVARY OF THE CHINCHILLA (CHINCHILLA LANIGER)

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. TAM
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Controlling Factor ◽  
Steroid Metabolism ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
Kinetic Investigations ◽  
High Yields

SUMMARY The ovarian tissue components of the pregnant chinchilla were incubated with equimolar amounts of [7α-3H]pregnenolone and [4-14C]progesterone. The greater contribution by [7α-3H]pregnenolone than by [4-14C]progesterone towards the formation of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone and androstenedione, and the relatively high yields of 17α-hydroxypregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone showed that both the 4-ene and 5-ene pathways of steroid metabolism were used in the interstitial tissue. No significant amount of 17α-hydroxylation was observed in the primary and accessory corpora lutea. The results of kinetic investigations using [7α-3H]pregnenolone as substrate also demonstrated a precursor—product relationship between dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione in the interstitial tissue, but this was not apparent in the luteal tissue. The results indicated that the interstitial tissue was capable of synthesizing progesterone and oestrogens as major products, and that the lack of 17α-hydroxylation in the luteal tissue was a controlling factor ensuring the synthesis of progesterone as its principal hormonal product. A small amount of [4-14C]dehydroepiandrosterone was always isolated with a much larger amount of the tritiated compound. This implied the conversion of 14C-labelled 4-en-3-oxosteroids into 5-ene-3β-hydroxysteroids which has generally been regarded as impossible. The isolation of this product, which may be an artifact, and the possibility that progesterone and oestrogens may be synthesized by different cells (granulosa and theca lutein cells) in the corpus luteum, or that there may be a third pathway for oestrogen synthesis, as suggested by the results of the kinetic experiments, are discussed.

The Effect of the Injection of Alcohol into the Male Mouse Upon the Secondary Sex Ratio Among the Offspring

1928 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-186
Author(s):  
A. C. CHAUDHURI
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Male Mouse ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Secondary Sex Ratio ◽  
Significant Disturbance

The subcutaneous injection of alcohol into male mice is followed by a significant disturbance of the sex ratio among their offspring.

scholarly journals Urine from Sexually Mature Intact Male Mice Contributes to Increased Cardiovascular Responses during Free-Roaming and Restrained Conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dexter L. Lee ◽  
Justin L. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Male Mouse ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Sexually Mature

Pheromones in the urine regulate aggression of male mice and castrated males produce less of these pheromones. We tested the hypothesis that pheromones in the urine of sexually mature-intact (SMI) males placed in the cage bedding of an individually housed male mouse or in a mouse restrainer would contribute to a significant increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and activity. Sexually mature male C57BL/6 mice were implanted with a biotelemetry transmitter to measure MAP, HR, and activity. Urine (200 μL) from SMI mice placed in the cages of singularly housed male mice caused significant changes above baseline values for MAP (21±4 mmHg), HR (145±25 bpm), and activity (9±2 counts) when compared to urine from castrated mice-induced MAP (11±3 mmHg), HR (70±15 bpm), and activity (5±1 counts). Pretreatment with terazosin significantly reduced the change in MAP (9±3 mmHg), heart rate (90±15 bpm), and activity (4±2 counts) responses to urine from SMI males. Saline did not significantly increase MAP, HR, or activity in any group. During restraint, urine from SMI mice caused a significant change in MAP (5±0.4 mmHg) and HR (17±1 bpm); urine from castrated mice did not cause a significant increase in MAP and HR. Our results demonstrate that a significant increase in MAP, HR, and activity occurs when male mice are exposed to urine pheromones from SMI males. In summary, pheromones in the urine of SMI male excreted in the cage bedding and mouse restrainers contribute to a significant increase in cardiovascular responses in the absence of direct physical contact with a different male mouse or animal handler.

EFFECTS OF PROSTAGLANDIN F2α ON OVARIAN BLOOD FLOW AND VASCULAR RESISTANCE IN THE PSEUDOPREGNANT RABBIT

1975 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Olof Janson ◽  
Ivan Albrecht ◽  
Kurt Ahrén
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Luteal Function ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACT In the search for data supporting the hypothesis that the luteolytic effect of prostaglandins (PG) is initiated by a vascular mechanism, some haemodynamic parameters including ovarian blood flow and vascular resistance were measured in pseudopregnant anaesthetized rabbits before and after exogenous administration of PGF2α. The measurements were performed on days 5–10 of pseudopregnancy induced by 500 IU HCG iv. Infusion of 50 μg/kg PGF2α iv over a one-minute period caused significant falls in cardiac output, heart rate and blood pressure after 1–3 min. Blood pressure and cardiac output were normalized after 16–49 min. Blood flow in the ovarian vein (direct measurements) decreased and returned to initial values parallel to the blood pressure and no change in resistance in the vascular bed drained by the vein was noted. Total ovarian blood flow and resistance, as measured in surgically intact ovaries before and after PG infusion, using 35 or 15 μm 169Yb and 46Sc-labelled microspheres, changed and remained constant respectively, according to the same pattern as in the direct measurements. The distribution of blood flow between the corpora lutea and the interstitial tissue of the ovary measured by 15 μm radioactive microspheres. PGF2α caused an interstitial vasodilation whereas no significant change in luteal vascular resistance was noted. Since luteal blood flow represented a predominant part of total ovarian flow in the type of ovary studied, the interstitial vasodilatation caused only negligible changes in blood flow to the whole ovary. The present study does not support the hypothesis of a PG-induced luteal blood flow reduction preceding luteolysis. The possible significance of the interstitial vasodilatation for luteal function remains to be elucidated.

scholarly journals Female mice respond to male ultrasonic ‘songs’ with approach behaviour

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hammerschmidt ◽  
K. Radyushkin ◽  
H. Ehrenreich ◽  
J. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Male Mouse ◽  
Experimental Situation ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Ultrasonic Vocalizations ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Playback Experiments ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
And Function ◽  
Female Responses ◽  
Artificial Control

The ultrasonic vocalizations of mice are attracting increasing attention, because they have been recognized as an informative readout in genetically modified strains. In addition, the observation that male mice produce elaborate sequences of ultrasonic vocalizations (‘song’) when exposed to female mice or their scents has sparked a debate as to whether these sounds are—in terms of their structure and function—analogous to bird song. We conducted playback experiments with cycling female mice to explore the function of male mouse songs. Using a place preference design, we show that these vocalizations elicited approach behaviour in females. In contrast, the playback of whistle-like artificial control sounds did not evoke approach responses. Surprisingly, the females also did not respond to pup isolation calls. In addition, female responses did not vary in relation to reproductive cycle, i.e. whether they were in oestrus or not. Furthermore, our data revealed a rapid habituation of subjects to the experimental situation, which stands in stark contrast to other species' responses to courtship vocalizations. Nevertheless, our results clearly demonstrate that male mouse songs elicit females' interest.

Role of the ovary in sexual differentiation of lactotrophs and somatotrophs in the mouse adenohypophysis: a stereological morphometric study by electron microscopy

1983 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Sasaki ◽  
M. Sano
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Normal Males

To study the effect of the ovary on sexual differentiation of somatotrophs and lactotrophs, the anterior pituitary glands of castrated adult male mice which had received an ovarian transplant during postnatal development were studied using a stereological morphometric technique with an electron microscope. In adult male mice which were castrated neonatally and given ovarian transplants at the age of puberty (NCT-males), the ovaries contained follicles and corpora lutea. The percentages (∼40) and numbers (∼2 × 105) of lactotrophs were similar in normal dioestrous females and NCT-males, but were higher than the percentage (9·3) and number (4·6 × 104) in normal males. Ovarian grafts in adult male mice which were simultaneously castrated and given an ovarian transplant just before puberty (PCT-males) contained numerous follicles of various sizes but no corpora lutea. The percentage (46·8) and number (3·9 × 105) of lactotrophs were greater in these mice than in dioestrous females. The percentage of somatotrophs in NCT-males (34·7) was less than in normal males (52·6), but was similar to that in dioestrous female mice (37·4). The percentage of somatotrophs in PCT-males (27·4) was less than in normal male and dioestrous female mice. These data indicate that lactotrophs and somatotrophs differentiate to the female phenotype when a cyclically functional ovary is present after puberty.

CHANGES IN OVARIAN STRUCTURE FOLLOWING THE INJECTION OF CARBOLIC ACID INTO THE OVARIAN BURSA

1951 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
ANITA M. MANDL ◽  
S. ZUCKERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Germinal Epithelium ◽  
Ovarian Structure ◽  
Carbolic Acid

Carbolic acid injected directly into the ovarian bursa of twenty-one adult female rats greatly reduced the total number of oocytes in the ovaries. The germinal epithelium was usually hyperplastic, although mitoses were not seen. The problem of post-pubertal oogenesis is discussed in the light of the present findings.

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