The Bordeaux Port Radar

1964 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-405
Author(s):  
A. Girardin
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Gironde Estuary ◽  
Seaward Side ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Water Springs ◽  
Inner Channel ◽  
East West

At the end of 1963, to assist ships making use of the extensive facilities in the Gironde estuary, the port of Bordeaux installed surveillance radar covering the mouth of the Gironde. As it is still too early to assess its potentialities, this paper describes the technical arrangements and makes some general comments on the use of radar, suggested by the new installation.Ships approaching the Gironde estuary from the open sea follow the buoyed channel from the landfall buoy BXA, 18 kilometres west of Pointe de la Coubre. After picking up the pilot they enter the western or outer entrance passage, whose seaward termination lies 8 kilometres from the coast. This provides a dredged channel, 800 metres wide and 3500 metres long, running east–west. The depth of 12 metres at low water springs enables ships to cross the annular river bar separating the deep water on the seaward side from the mud banks at the mouth of the inner channel.

Conodont Biostratigraphy of Ordovician Deep-Water Turbiditic Sequences in Eastern Australia—A New Biozonal Scheme for the Open-Sea Realm

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-500
Author(s):  
Yong Yi Zhen ◽  
Ian G. Percival ◽  
Phil Gilmore ◽  
Jodie Rutledge ◽  
Liann Deyssing
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Conodont Biostratigraphy ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Eastern Australia

Riser Response Based Optimal Positioning of Deep-Water Vessels

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Hoen
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Regression Curves ◽  
Coiled Tubing ◽  
Transverse Current ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Slow Drift ◽  
On Line

The present paper discusses the mathematical modeling of risers and riser-like structures applied in a positioning context for deep-water floating vessels. The main purpose of the paper is to show that an estimate for the optimal vessel position, sufficient for most practical applications, is obtained from measurements of the riser inclinations or related parameters at lower end, and optionally upper end, through a solution based on the variably tensioned beam differential equation. Due to the ease of implementation this solution is well suited for direct application in on-line riser monitoring systems. The method is an attractive alternative to on-line FE-analyses, application of pre-computed regression curves based on idealized loading or black-box neural networks, which has been proposed by others to be applied as basis for interpretation of the measured riser responses. The basic idea behind the method is based on the observation that the riser inclinations or stress-joint moments at upper and lower end have mainly two causes. Firstly an effect caused by the position of the riser top end relative to the wellhead due to permanent vessel offset and slow drift vessel motions, and secondly the effects of transverse current down the riser. The general theory behind the method will be outlined. It will then be shown how the method adapts to drilling-risers with flex-joints, risers with stress-joints and also to the special case of well intervention with coiled tubing in open sea without applying a work-over or marine riser. The performance of the method is illustrated using simulated vessel and riser dynamic response data. The simulations are performed for selected vessel types both for deep-water and shallower waters applying state-of-the-art software for simulation of the riser and vessel dynamic response in random sea states.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of east–west deep water exchange in the low latitude Atlantic Ocean over the past 25,000 years

2017 ◽  
Vol 458 ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob N.W. Howe ◽  
Alexander M. Piotrowski ◽  
Rong Hu ◽  
Aloys Bory
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
The Past ◽  
East West

scholarly journals Thermohaline properties in the Eastern Mediterranean in the last three decades: is the basin returning to the pre-EMT situation?

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 391-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Cardin ◽  
G. Civitarese ◽  
D. Hainbucher ◽  
M. Bensi ◽  
A. Rubino
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Deep Layer ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Intermediate Water ◽  
Levantine Basin ◽  
Mass Properties ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
East West

Abstract. We present temperature, salinity and oxygen data collected during the M84/3 and P414 cruises in April and June 2011 on a basin-wide scale to determine the ongoing oceanographic characteristics in the Eastern Mediterranean (EM). The east–west transect through the EM sampled during the M84/3 cruise together with data gained on previous cruises over the period 1987–2011 are analysed in terms of regional aspects of the evolution of water mass properties and heat and salt content variation. The present state of the EM basin is also evaluated in the context of the evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean Transient (EMT). From this analysis we can infer that the state of the basin is still far from achieving the pre-EMT conditions. Indeed, the 2011 oceanographic conditions of the deep layer of the central Ionian lie between the thermohaline characteristics of the EMT and the pre-EMT phase, indicating a possible slow return towards the latter. In addition, the thermohaline properties of the Adriatic Deep Water are still in line (warmer and saltier) as when it restarted to produce dense waters after the EMT. Special attention is given to the variability of thermohaline properties of the Levantine Intermediate Water and Adriatic Deep Water in three main areas: the Cretan, the central Levantine and the central Ionian Seas. Finally, this study evidences the relationships among the hydrological property distributions of the upper-layer in the Levantine basin and the circulation regime in the Ionian.

scholarly journals Ordovician graptolite biostratigraphy in North Greenland

1989 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 17-33
Author(s):  
M Bjerreskov
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Canadian Cordillera ◽  
Large Collection ◽  
Arctic Canada ◽  
The North ◽  
Water Trough ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
East West ◽  
North Greenland

Up to 500 m of black-bedded cherts and mudstones with thin turbidites and thick local beds of redeposited limestone and chert conglomerates were deposited during the Ordovician in North Greenland, along the southern margin of an east-west trending deep-water trough forming a continuation of the Frank Jinian Basin of Arctic Canada. A large collection of Ordovician graptolites has recently been obtained from this clastic sequence. The graptolite fauna, not collected in continuous sections, compares particularly well with the fauna from the Canadian Cordillera and for the most part is interpreted in terms of the established biozones from that area. The faunas are also correlated with the Australian zonal sequences. In North Greenland neither the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary nor the Ordovieian-Silurian boundary ean be precisely demarcated by graptolites. The folIowing graptolite biozones are represented: Anisograptus, Adelograptus & Clonograptus, T. approximalus, P. frulicosus, D. bifidus, I. victoriae lunatus, ? T. victoriae victoriae, ? l. victoriae maximus, Oncograptus, P. tentaculatus, ? 'D.' decoratus, ? H. lereliusculus, N. gracilis, C. bicornis, ? O. amplexicaulis, O. quadrimucronatus, D. ornatus and? P. pacificus. The relationship of the North Grecnland graptolites to the Ordovician 'Pacific faunal realm' and oceanic graptolite biofacies is briefly discussed.

Georgian port project falters but should survive

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
The South ◽  
South Caucasus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Water Port ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
East West ◽  
Sea Coast

Subject The Anaklia port project. Significance An ambitious plan to build a new deep-water port on the eastern Black Sea coast has been delayed after one partner in the project consortium left and a possible substitute declined to join. Although uncertainty is hampering the project, external interest in the strategically located port, coupled with domestic pressure not to abandon the project, should keep it alive. Impacts Success would reinforce east-west connections in the South Caucasus as opposed to Russia-sponsored north-south initiatives. Failure to find large investors for Anaklia is likely to undermine the overall investment climate. Any progress at Anaklia will be a catalyst for Russia to ramp up efforts to build its own deep-water port.

An east-west contrasting changes of Antarctic Bottom Water properties in the Southern Indian Ocean over the last three decades

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeon Choi ◽  
SungHyun Nam
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Bottom Water ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Southern Indian Ocean ◽  
Antarctic Bottom Water ◽  
Sea Bottom ◽  
East West ◽  
Source Waters

<p>Physical properties of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) derived from mixture of multiple source waters of different properties, are significantly affected by and contribute to the climate change. This study reveals a contrasting east-west pattern of changes in AABW temperature and salinity in the Southern Indian Ocean (SIO), which continues to become warmer (0.04 ± 0.01<sup></sup>°C/decade) and more saline (0.002 ± 0.001 kg/g/decade) in the western SIO whereas warmer (0.03 ± 0.01<sup></sup>°C/decade) and fresher (-0.004 ± 0.001 kg/g/decade) in the eastern SIO over the past three decades, based on repeat hydrographic observations along meridional lines (1993, 1996, 2008, and 2019 in the western SIO and 1995, 2004, and 2012 in the eastern SIO). Warming and salinification of AABW consisting of the Cape Darnley Bottom Water (CDBW), Weddell Sea Deep Water (WSDW), and Lower Circumpolar Deep Water (LCDW) in the western SIO, are explained by changing proportion of source waters during the period, e.g., decreasing portion of relatively fresh CDBW (from 68% to 59%), and increasing portions of saline WSDW (from 30% to 34%) and warm and saline LCDW (from 2% to 7%). In contrast, in the eastern SIO, warming and freshening of the AABW consisting of the Ross Sea Bottom Water (RSBW), Adélie Land Bottom Water (ALBW), and LCDW are not explained by the changing proportion but properties of the source waters during the period, e.g., warming and freshening of RSBW (0.08°C/decade and -0.013 kg/g/decade) and ALBW (0.01°C/decade and -0.008 kg/g/decade). The east-west contrasting changes of AABW properties (eastern freshening and western salinification) over the last three decades have important consequences within and beyond the SIO.</p>

scholarly journals THE STRUCTURE, COMPOSITION AND DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS OF KUONAMKA FORMATION IN THE EAST OF ANABAR OIL-AND-GAS REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Irina V. Varaksina
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Carbonaceous Rocks ◽  
Lithological Composition ◽  
Sedimentation Conditions

The structural features, lithological composition and sedimentation conditions of the Kuonamka Formation were identified in the analysis of core material uncovered by wells in the east of Anabar oil-and-gas region in the basin of the Kyulenke River. It was established that the studied highly carbonaceous rocks accumulated in deep-water conditions of the open sea in reducing, mainly euxinic environments.

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