scholarly journals Natural Resource Exploitation and the Role of New Technology: a Case-history of the UK Herring Industry

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Whitmarsh ◽  
Christopher A. Reid ◽  
Clifford Gulvin ◽  
Michael R. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
The West ◽  
Resource Rent ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
The Uk

Technological change in the UK herring industry took place rapidly after 1965, due in part to the active encouragement encouragement given to fishermen to switch from driftnetting to pelagic trawling and purse-seining. The adoption and diffusion of these modern methods of capture stimulated a major expansion of output, but this very success was undermined by the depletion of the fish-stocks on which the industry depended. In the case of the West of Scotland herring fisheries, which were especially important to UK fishermen, the decline in fish-stock biomass caused vessel catch-rates to fall after 1973. The failure of international fisheries management, which acted as a permissive factor in the intensification of fishing effort, also had important economic implications as it resulted in the dissipation of resource-rent. The Authors calculate that the maximum sustainable ‘rent’ which could have been generated from the West of Scotland herring fishery was approximately £14 millions per annum at 1976-equivalent prices.The resource-rent effectively financed the overcapitalization of the fleet and the decline which followed, and it is the speed with which this occurred that most distinguishes the herring fishery from others where technological change has taken place. The article concludes by arguing that, although the UK public authorities (notably the Herring Industry Board) might reasonably be criticized for pursuing a development strategy which resulted in economic and biological over-fishing, the international regime of fisheries management which prevailed at the time gave them little choice but to adopt a pro-active approach to technical innovation.

scholarly journals Otolith chemoscape analysis in whiting links fishing grounds to nursery areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil M. Burns ◽  
Charlotte R. Hopkins ◽  
David M. Bailey ◽  
Peter J. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
The West ◽  
Nursery Areas ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Quantitative Estimates ◽  
Continuous Surface ◽  
Merlangius Merlangus ◽  
The Uk

AbstractUnderstanding life stage connectivity is essential to define appropriate spatial scales for fisheries management and develop effective strategies to reduce undersized bycatch. Despite many studies of population structure and connectivity in marine fish, most management units do not reflect biological populations and protection is rarely given to juvenile sources of the fished stock. Direct, quantitative estimates that link specific fishing grounds to the nursery areas, which produced the caught fish are essential to meet these objectives. Here we develop a continuous-surface otolith microchemistry approach to geolocate whiting (Merlangius merlangus) and infer life stage connectivity across the west coast of the UK. We show substantial connectivity across existing stock boundaries and identify the importance of the Firth of Clyde nursery area. This approach offers fisheries managers the ability to account for the benefits of improved fishing yields derived from spatial protection while minimising revenue loss.

The fish and shellfish resources in seas adjacent to the Outer Hebrides

1979 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 479-494
Author(s):  
R. S. Bailey ◽  
J. R. G. Hislop ◽  
J. Mason
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
Full Time ◽  
The West ◽  
Spawning Grounds ◽  
The North ◽  
Outer Hebrides ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Fish And Shellfish

SynopsisThe demersal fishery in Hebridean seas is based mainly on haddock, whiting and cod, mostly from local spawning grounds, with some recruitment from the North Sea. An important seasonal fishery for dogfish is based on a highly migratory stock. All these stocks are probably fully exploited.Herring spawning grounds occur west and north of Lewis, and larvae drift eastwards to nursery areas, mainly in the North Sea. Enhanced recruitment in the late 1960s and an increase in fishing effort produced a large increase in landings but these have subsequently declined. The west coast herring fishery is subject to quota regulations for conservation. There are also important exploitable stocks of mackerel and sprats. Since 1971 an industrial fishery for Norway pout has taken a few thousand tonnes per annum.Shellfishing by small boats goes with crofting. Since 1962 the number of larger boats has increased with full-time fishing, particularly for Norway lobsters and lobsters. Exploitation has been helped by processing and lobster-holding facilities. Scallops and periwinkles are also important commercially and there are good prospects for cultivating oysters and mussels.By far the largest underexploited fish stock is blue whiting, which migrates south to spawn in March-April on the continental slope in depths of over 400 m to the west of Scotland. The spawning stock in this area is estimated to be 5-15 million tonnes. Sandeels may also occur in commercial quantities in some areas.

Specific Risks Assessment of Resource-Based Urban Power Network Planning

2014 ◽  
Vol 494-495 ◽  
pp. 1619-1622
Author(s):  
Jing Min Wang ◽  
Maimaitiaili Wufuer ◽  
Xiao Fan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Network Planning ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Evaluation Index System ◽  
Power Network ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
The West ◽  
Power Network Planning ◽  
Risks Assessment

Western resource-based city (WRC) develops rapidly under the develop-the-west and energy resource development strategy. Both of the economy growth and the resource exploitation will make greater demands on the science of power network planning. Therefore, urban power network planning will face more specific risks. Based on fuzzy membership theory, this paper studies the risk identification of WRC power network planning, and summarizes the key risks. Finally, we identify the risks from aspects of policy, economy, environment and load systematically, establish an evaluation index system of specific risks of WRC power network planning, and provide fundamental decisions for risk aversion of WRC power network.

scholarly journals Maximum sustainable yield, maximum economic yield and sustainability in fisheries

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-17
Author(s):  
Ernesto A Chávez
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Maximum Sustainable Yield ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
Sustainable Yield ◽  
Fishing Mortality ◽  
Maximum Economic Yield ◽  
Fish Stock Assessment

A brief review of the concept of Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) used in fisheries management is discussed. The convenience of assessing the exploited stocks with the aid of simulation is advised, because implies the possibility to analyze the age structure of the fishery in more detail, as compared to the traditional methods of fish stock assessment. Emphasis is given to the use of the MSY as limit reference point because as long as the Fishing Mortality or fishing effort required for that point is kept at lower values, the fishery will have a good chance to be sustainable. A mention of the Maximum Economic Yield is made, proposing its use a target for the management, because it is reached in general with lower F values then that for the MSY, and this way keeping the fishery in a healthy condition.

Studi pengembangan unit perbenihan ikan laut di Pulau Gumilamo Kabupaten Halmahera Utara

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yitzhak Koloba ◽  
Hengky J Sinjal ◽  
Ockstan Kalesaran
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Fish Hatchery ◽  
The Development Strategy ◽  
Internal And External Factors

This research intended  to evaluate the development strategy of Marine Fish Hatchery Unit at Gumilamo Island, North Halmahera. Analysis SWOT was used to determine the development strategy. Data were collected by questionnaire, interview and literature relevant to the research. SWOT analysis showed the internal and external factors that affected the development of Marine Fish Hatchery at Gumilamo island. The strenght were location, water quality , local government support, and availability of seeds and feed. Weakness were lack of public interest, lack of extension and human resources. Opportunity were the high value of the sale, business opportunities and  local government regulation. Treat were  dependence on fishing effort and safety.   Keywords : hatchery, gumilamo, north halmahera, SWOT analysis

scholarly journals From east to west, can feminist legal strategies be transformative? Post-disaster to everyday times of crisis

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-268
Author(s):  
Jane Krishnadas
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Community Relations ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
The West ◽  
Legal Subject ◽  
Agents Of Change ◽  
Legal Strategies ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Post Disaster

AbstractThis article engages with a key question raised by feminist legal scholars from the east to the west: whether women should or should not engage in rights strategies? Are rights systematically exercised to reproduce patriarchal, dominant sites of justice, or do rights constitute a multiple and relational force which may transform sites of justice? The experience of women’s engagements with law in South Asia has created a diversity of critical legal knowledge and scholarship reflecting the pluralism of both women’s identities and needs based on caste, religion, class and sexuality across an array of legal spaces from the family, community and state. Women in South Asian scholarship have complicated the notion of the homogenous legal subject and the static dominant site of justice. In this article I return to my underpinning field research whilst living and working within an earthquake affected area of Maharashtra, India in the post-crisis rehabilitation period (1993–1998). This research explored how women exercised their rights to reconstruct lives at different tiers of justice: in public policy, private legislation and the non-formal sphere of community relations to deconstruct the concept of rights existing within a static framework of justice. Drawing upon feminist discourse across the east to the west, I have analysed the role of rights in post-disaster sites to understand how women move from victims to survivors, beneficiaries to contributors and objects to agents of change to inform contemporary research on how women in post-domestic violence situations may exercise rights to reconstruct their lives in times of crisis in the UK. Through this analysis I argue that rights may be empowering if one can exercise one’s right to identity as agency, resources as capacity and location as mobility, as a three dimensional strategy to transform the framework in which one is situated. Over the last decade, I have actively applied this transformative methodology to create an alternative relational, intersectional and holistic legal paradigm, to transform sites of justice, in times of every day crisis, through the CLOCK/ All India Access to Justice Strategy.

Fishing the line: catch and effort distribution around the seasonal haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) spawning closure on the Scotian Shelf

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 973-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. van der Lee ◽  
D.M. Gillis ◽  
P. Comeau ◽  
P. Hurley
Keyword(s):  
Ideal Free Distribution ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Catch Rate ◽  
Melanogrammus Aeglefinus ◽  
Boundary Line ◽  
The West ◽  
Fishing The Line ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Effort Distribution

Permanent and seasonal area closures are a common regulatory strategy in multispecies fisheries; however, few studies have closely examined seasonal closures. We examined the impact of the Browns Bank spawning closure on the spatial distribution of fishing effort and how the fleet utilized a “fishing the line” strategy. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine changes in effort distribution when the closure was and was not in effect. Effort displaced from the bank concentrated primarily within two areas up to 30 km from the closure boundary, one along the east boundary line and one along the west. Trends in catch rate (as value) with distance from the line were further examined using generalized additive models during the closed period, with results differing between regions. In the east, areas of greater catch rate could be identified and typically corresponded to areas of greater effort, while in the west region, no trends in catch rates were often observed, potentially indicating vessel distributions that correspond to the ideal free distribution. Implementation of a seasonal area closure on Browns Bank resulted in concentrations of vessels near the closure boundary, suggestive of a fishing the line strategy, with specific catch rate trends depending on vessel spatial distributions and target species.

scholarly journals Has the fishery contributed to a major shift in the distribution of South African sardine?

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 1676-1688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet C. Coetzee ◽  
Carl D. van der Lingen ◽  
Laurence Hutchings ◽  
Tracey P. Fairweather
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
South Coast ◽  
The West ◽  
Natal Homing ◽  
Distinct Unit ◽  
Major Shift ◽  
Sardine Population

Abstract Coetzee, J. C., van der Lingen, C. D., Hutchings, L., and Fairweather, T. P. 2008. Has the fishery contributed to a major shift in the distribution of South African sardine? – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 1676–1688. A major shift in the distribution of South African sardine (Sardinops sagax) has resulted in a significant spatial mismatch in fishing effort vs. fish abundance in recent years. The sardine fishery started on the west coast during the 1940s, and processing capacity there increased rapidly. This trend together with increases in annual landings continued up to the early 1960s, but then the fishery collapsed as a consequence of overfishing. The population then recovered steadily during the 1980s and 1990s, coincident with, but perhaps not entirely attributable to, the inception of conservative management practices, to support catches similar to pre-collapse levels. Since 2001, however, most of the sardine population has been situated on South Africa’s south coast, far from processing facilities. Fishing effort has increased concomitantly on that coast, particularly during the past three years, reflecting the continued decline in the abundance of sardine on the west coast. Three hypotheses explaining the change in the distribution of sardine have been proposed: (i) intensely localized (i.e. west coast) fishing pressure depleted that part (or functionally distinct unit) of the population; (ii) the shift was environmentally induced; and (iii) successful spawning and recruit survival on the south coast contributed disproportionately more towards the bulk of recruitment, and progeny spawned there now dominate the population and exhibit natal homing. The first of these hypotheses is evaluated, and management implications of the shift discussed.

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