Hydroelectric Development and Wilderness Conflict in South-West Tasmania

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew K. Dragun
Keyword(s):  
Opportunity Cost ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cost Advantage ◽  
Hydroelectric Development ◽  
Rigorous Evaluation ◽  
Cost Differential ◽  
South West ◽  
Hydroelectric Developments ◽  
Year 2000

The hydroelectric developments portended in South-West Tasmania would inundate tracts having major wilderness and archaeological values as well as threaten a much larger area of wilderness. The development of the region is ‘justified’ by the construction authority, in terms of an expected high rate of electricity demand towards the year 2000. However, a range of independent demand analyses suggest that the demand for electricity in Tasmania will not approach the Hydro-Electric Commission's expectations. Thus a lag in demand may be identified which should provide time for a rigorous evaluation of the wilderness value of the region together with an appraisal of the alternative electricity-generation options.Currently, it appears that a cost advantage exists for the favoured ‘Gordon-below-Franklin’ project. However, the opportunity-cost differential of this project relative to several less-damaging alternatives is slight, at least when the growth in wilderness and electricity demands are considered. The opportunity-cost tradeoff appears quite trivial when current tourist and recreational impacts are accounted for.

Energy Development in Malaysia

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 336-341
Author(s):  
YB Dato' Murad Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Security Of Supply ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Coal Gas ◽  
Hydropower Potential ◽  
Excess Production ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas Consumption ◽  
Year 2000

The Malaysian governments Four Fuel Energy Policy is concerned with security of supply and the need to meet economic development targets through greater use of natural gas, hydropower and with imported coal. Gas reserves are 52 trillion cu. ft. and hydropower potential 29,000MW. Coal is included because of the enormous supplies available worldwide. Indigenous natural gas consumption is expected to grow at 9% p.a. till the year 2000 and to account for 40% of the total energy consumption. The Peninsula Gas Utilisation project will reduce the use of oil in electricity generation, provide it for steel manufacture and deliver gas to the domestic market. Natural gas will be used increasingly in transportation and for petrochemicals, excess production is destined for export.

scholarly journals Greenland Ice Mapping Project: ice flow velocity variation at sub-monthly to decadal timescales

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2211-2227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Joughin ◽  
Ben E. Smith ◽  
Ian Howat
Keyword(s):  
Flow Speed ◽  
Velocity Variation ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
North West ◽  
South West ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Ice Velocity ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. We describe several new ice velocity maps produced by the Greenland Ice Mapping Project (GIMP) using Landsat 8 and Copernicus Sentinel 1A/B data. We then focus on several sites where we analyse these data in conjunction with earlier data from this project, which extend back to the year 2000. At Jakobshavn Isbræ and Køge Bugt, we find good agreement when comparing results from different sensors. In a change from recent behaviour, Jakobshavn Isbræ began slowing substantially in 2017, with a midsummer peak that was even slower than some previous winter minima. Over the last decade, we identify two major slowdown events at Køge Bugt that coincide with short-term advances of the terminus. We also examined populations of glaciers in north-west and south-west Greenland to produce a record of speed-up since 2000. Collectively these glaciers continue to speed up, but there are regional differences in the timing of periods of peak speed-up. In addition, we computed trends in winter flow speed for much of the south-west margin of the ice sheet and find little in the way of statistically significant changes over the period covered by our data. Finally, although the consistency of the data is generally good over time and across sensors, our analysis indicates that substantial differences can arise in regions with high strain rates (e.g. shear margins) where sensor resolution can become a factor. For applications such as constraining model inversions, users should factor in the impact that the data's resolution has on their results.

Causal Factors and Effects of Unemployment on Graduates of Tertiary Institutions in Ogun State South West Nigeria: Implications for Counselling

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
Anna Onoyase
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
College Of Education ◽  
High Rate ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
South West ◽  
Research Questions

Abstract The research was set out to find the causal factors and effects of unemployment on graduates of tertiary institutions in Ogun State South West Nigeria: Implications for counselling. In order to carry out the research, two research questions and one hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The researcher made use of an instrument tagged causal factors and effects of unemployment on graduates of tertiary institutions questionnaire (CFAEOUGOTIQ) to collect information. The instrument contained twenty items. The instrument had content validity and language appropriateness. The instrument had a reliability coefficient of 0.85. The population of the study was made up of graduates of universities, polytechnics and colleges of education that had no job in public and private sectors in Ogun State Nigeria. The researcher used the purposive sampling technique to select 226 university graduates, 120 polytechnic graduates and 75 college of education graduates that participated in the research. Copies of the questionnaire were administered on each of the participants by 3 research assistants. The return rate of copies of the questionnaire administered, showed that 215 questionnaires were retrieved from the university graduates, 107 questionnaires were retrieved from polytechnic graduates and 60 copies of the questionnaire were retrieved from college of education graduates. The scoring and collation of the information from the field was done by the researcher. The researcher used the mean and standard deviation to answer the two research questions while the analysis of variance was used to test the hypothesis. The researchers used 2.50 as benchmark to determine whether respondents agreed or disagreed with each of the items on table one and two. The hypothesis was held significant at 0.05 level of significance. Some of the findings of the research showed that, high rate of graduate turn out, neglect of the agricultural sector by government, collapse of manufacturing industries and reforms in the banking sector resulting in regular retrenchment of workers were causal factor of unemployment on graduates of tertiary institutions. Other include, misappropriation of funds meant for development of projects, lack of employable skills by graduates and inability to pass employment interviews. The research also found out that one of the effects of unemployment on graduates of tertiary institution is low self-esteem of themselves. One of the recommendations is that admission into tertiary institutions should be based on the number of vacancies available in public and private sectors.

Increased Manufacturing Effectiveness in the Production of Steam Generating Equipment

1983 ◽  
Vol 197 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Mclntyre ◽  
J H Greenwood ◽  
J L Harper
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tools ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Machine Shop ◽  
Working Practices ◽  
Generating Equipment ◽  
Year 2000

The paper describes the reorganization of a factory producing steam generating equipment for electricity generation to enable it to meet their foreseen requirements up to the year 2000. Plant and working practices were updated by capital investment to improve the effectiveness of management systems and that of the work-force. As a result the output of the machine shop was increased by 30 per cent on 45 per cent less area with 42 per cent fewer machine tools and 35 per cent fewer indirect shop floor personnel. As a consequence, whereas two years previously the Company was consistently ranked sixth or seventh on price, now it is more often second.

scholarly journals Becoming American: The Hmong American Experience

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kou Yang
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Welfare Participation ◽  
Rural Background ◽  
American Experience ◽  
Cultural Shock ◽  
Political Office ◽  
Hmong Americans ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Literate Society

Hmong Americans, who came from a pre-literate society and rural background, went through many acculturation barriers and have had many successes between the time they first arrived in 1975 and the year 2000. Their first decade was preoccupied with their struggle to overcome cultural shock and acculturation difficulties. The second decade is their turning point to be new Americans, beginning to run for political office, establish business enterprises, achieve in education, and reduce their high rate of unemployment and welfare participation. Hmong Americans in 2000 appeared to have achieved much, yet have some serious challenges still ahead.

scholarly journals EU Green Deal and opportunity cost: a comparison between the viability of different wastewater treatment project

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José María Vindel ◽  
Estrella Trincado ◽  
Antonio Sánchez-Bayón
Keyword(s):  
Opportunity Cost ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
High Rate ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Viability Analysis ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The One

The European Union Green Deal aims at curbing planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions and introducing clean energy production. But to achieve energy efficiency, the opportunity cost of different energies must be assessed. In this article, we analyse two different systems for the treatment of wastewater that, at the same time, produce energy for its own operation. On the one hand, high-rate algal ponds system (HRAP) is considered; on the other hand, we study a conventional activated sludge system which uses photovoltaic power (AS+PV). This paper offers a viability analysis of both systems based on the capacity to satisfy their energetic consumption. In order to assess this viability, the probability of not achieving the energy consumption threshold at least one day is studied. The results point that the AS+PV system self-sufficiency is achieved using much lesser surfaces than those of HRAP system (for the former, less than 6.500 m2, for the latter 40.000 m2). However, the important AS capital cost makes still the HRAP system more economic, although storage provides a great advantage for using the AS+PV in locations where we have a lot of irradiance. This viability analysis, along with the opportunity cost analysis, will be used to assess these two projects devoted to the treatment of wastewater.

scholarly journals Wind Energy Study and Energy Cost of Wind Electricity Generation in Nigeria: Past and Recent Results and a Case Study for South West Nigeria

Energies ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 8508-8534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluseyi Ajayi ◽  
Richard Fagbenle ◽  
James Katende ◽  
Julius Ndambuki ◽  
David Omole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
South West

Feeding Africa: A Dissent from Development

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-22
Author(s):  
Hoyt Alverson
Keyword(s):  
High Rate ◽  
The World ◽  
Mass Starvation ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Very High ◽  
Paul Ehrlich

The population of Africa is roughly estimated to be 300,000,000 and believed to be growing at a very high rate, perhaps as much as 3 percent per annum. If these figures are accurate, Africa will have a population of over one-half billion by the year 2000. In light of this prospect, a question asked more from desperation than curiosity is whether these millions can all be fed, at least enough to avert mass starvation and pandemic malnutrition. Paul Ehrlich and others have argued it is not possible. “The battle to feed all of humanity is over. In the 1970’s the world will undergo famine, hundreds of millions of people are going to starve to death.”

scholarly journals European Union Green Deal and the Opportunity Cost of Wastewater Treatment Projects

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1994
Author(s):  
Jose M. Vindel ◽  
Estrella Trincado ◽  
Antonio Sánchez-Bayón
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Opportunity Cost ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
High Rate ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Cost Study ◽  
Viability Analysis ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge

The European Union Green Deal aims at curbing greenhouse gas emissions and introducing clean energy production. But to achieve energy efficiency, the opportunity cost of different energies must be assessed. In this article, two different energy self-sufficient systems for wastewater treatment are compared. On the one hand, high-rate algal ponds system (HRAP) is considered; on the other hand, a conventional activated sludge system (AS) which uses photovoltaic power (PV) is studied. The paper offers a viability analysis of both systems based on the capacity to satisfy their energetic consumption. This viability analysis, along with the opportunity cost study, will be used in the article to compare these two projects devoted to the treatment of wastewater. In order to assess viability, the probability of not achieving the energy consumption threshold at least one day is studied. The results point that the AS+PV system self-sufficiency is achieved with much lesser land requirements than the HRAP system (for the former, less than 6500 m2, for the latter 40,000 m2). However, the important AS capital cost makes still the HRAP system more economic, although storage provides a great advantage for using the AS+PV in locations where a lot of irradiance is available.

scholarly journals Endemics determine bioregionalization in the alpine zone of the Irano-Anatolian biodiversity hotspot (South-West Asia)

Alpine Botany ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalil Noroozi ◽  
Sina Khalvati ◽  
Haniyeh Nafisi ◽  
Akram Kaveh ◽  
Behnaz Nazari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Network Clustering ◽  
Alpine Regions ◽  
Alpine Zone ◽  
South West ◽  
Alpine Species

AbstractAlpine habitats are characterized by a high rate of range restricted species compared to those of lower elevations. This is also the case for the Irano-Anatolian global biodiversity hotspot in South-West Asia, which is a mountainous area harbouring a high amount of endemic species. Using two quantitative approaches, Endemicity Analysis and Network-Clustering, we want to identify areas of concordant species distribution patterns in the alpine zone of this region as well as to test the hypothesis that, given the high proportion of endemics among alpine species, delimitation of these areas is determined mainly by endemic alpine species, i.e., areas of concordant species distribution patterns are congruent with areas of endemism. Endemicity Analysis identified six areas of concordant species distribution patterns irrespective of dataset (total alpine species versus endemic alpine species), whereas the Network-Clustering approach identified five and four Bioregions from total alpine species and endemic alpine species, respectively. Most of these areas have been previously identified using the endemic flora of different elevational zones. The identified units using both methods and both datasets are strongly congruent, proposing that they reveal meaningful distribution patterns. Bioregionalization in the Irano-Anatolian biodiversity hotspot appears to be strongly influenced by the endemic alpine species, a pattern likely to hold in alpine regions outside the Irano-Anatolian hotspot.

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