Herbicide Effects on Tensile Strength and Rooting of Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Sod

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam S. Sharpe ◽  
Ray Dickens ◽  
David L. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Herbicide Effects

The objective of this study was to determine how selected herbicides affect sod tensile strength and rooting of mature and immature turfs of ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass. Both immature and mature turf had 100% ground cover, but only mature turf had tensile strength adequate for harvesting and handling. Sod tensile strength at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after application generally was unaffected by herbicide treatment, although imazapyr killed bermudagrass top growth. Root number and root length initially were depressed by imazapyr, bensulide, napropamide, sethoxydim, and sulfometuron at most rates and intervals tested. Eight weeks after treatment, root length, root number, and sod tensile strength for all treatments, except those with imazapyr, were similar to that of the untreated control.

scholarly journals Herbicide Effects on Tensile Strength and Rooting of Centipedegrass Sod

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 541-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.L. Turner ◽  
S.S. Sharpe ◽  
Ray Dickens
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Eremochloa Ophiuroides ◽  
Herbicide Effects ◽  
Quinolinecarboxylic Acid

“Effects of selected herbicides on sod tensile strength and rooting of mature and immature turf of common centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro.) Hack] were studied in field experiments. Herbicides evaluated were atrazine, atrazine + tridiphane, bensulide, DCPA, DPX-6316, imazapyr, imazaquin, napropamide, oxadiazon, pendimethalin, sethoxydim, simazine, and sulfometuron. At 2, 4, and 8 weeks after treatment (WAT), sod tensile strength was determined, and root length and number were measured 7 to 10 days later. In 1986 sod tensile strength was not affected, but in 1987 the tensile strength of the immature turf was reduced at 8 WAT by bensulide and imazapyr. Rooting was suppressed most by benstdide, imazapyr, napropamide, and sulfometuron at most rates and dates tested. By 8 WAT, root length, root number, and tensile strength of herbicide-treated centipedegrass sod did not differ from that of the untreated sod except for those plots treated with bensulide or imazapyr. Chemical names used: 6-chloro-N-ethyl-N' -(1-methylethyl) -1,3,5-triazine-2,4 -diamine (atrazine); 2-(3,5-dichlorophenyl) -2-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl) oxirane (tridiphane); O,O -bis(l-methylethyl)S-[2-[(phenylsulfonyl) amino] ethyl] phosphorodithioate (bensulide); dimethyl 2,3,5,6 -tetrachloro-1,4 -benzenedicarboxylate (DCPA); methyl 3-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-ylaminocarbonyl]aminosulfonyl]-2-thiophenecarboWlate (DPX-6316); (&)-2-[4,5 -dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl] -3-pyridinecarbolic acid (imazapyr); 2-[4,5-dihydro-4 -methyl-4 -(1-methylethyl) -5-oxo-W-imidazol-2-yl]-3 -quinolinecarboxylic acid (imazaquin); N,N-diethyl-2-(1-naphthalenyloxy)propanamide (napropamide); 3-[2,4-dichloro-5 -(1-methylethoxy) phenyl]-5-(l,l-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4 -oxadiazol-2-(3H) -one (oxadiazon); N-(1 -ethylpropyl)-3, 4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine (pendimethalin); .2-[1-(ethoxyimino) butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio) propyl]-3-hydroxy-2 -cyclohexen-1-one (sethoxydim); 6-chloro-N,N'-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2)4-diamine (simazine); 2-[[[[(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl] amino] sulfonyl] benzoic acid (sulfometuron).

scholarly journals Preemergence Herbicide Effects on Hybrid Bermudagrass Root Architecture and Establishment

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick G. Begitschke ◽  
James D. McCurdy ◽  
Te-Ming Tseng ◽  
T. Casey Barickman ◽  
Barry R. Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Herbicide Effects ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

Preemergence herbicides generally have a negative effect on hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy] establishment. However, little is known about the effect they have on root architecture and development. Research was conducted to determine the effects of commonly used preemergence herbicides on ‘Latitude 36’ hybrid bermudagrass root architecture and establishment. The experiment was conducted in a climate-controlled greenhouse maintained at 26 °C day/night temperature at Mississippi State University in Starkville, MS, from Apr. 2016 to June 2016 and repeated from July 2016 to Sept. 2016. Hybrid bermudagrass plugs (31.6 cm2) were planted in 126-cm2 pots (1120 cm3) and preemergence herbicide treatments were applied 1 d after planting at the recommended labeled rate for each herbicide. Preemergence herbicide treatments included atrazine, atrazine + S-metolachlor, dithiopyr, flumioxazin, indaziflam, liquid and granular applied oxadiazon, S-metolachlor, pendimethalin, prodiamine, and simazine. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications. Plugs treated with indaziflam and liquid applied oxadiazon failed to achieve 50% hybrid bermudagrass cover by the end of the experiment. Of the remaining herbicide treatments, all herbicides other than granular applied oxadiazon and atrazine increased the number of days required to reach 50% cover (Days50). In addition, all herbicide treatments reduced root mass when harvested 6 weeks after treatment (WAT) relative to the nontreated. By 10 WAT, all treatments reduced root mass in run 1, but during run 2, only prodiamine, pendimethalin, simazine, atrazine + S-metolachlor, liquid applied oxadiazon, and indaziflam reduced dry root mass compared with the nontreated. At 4 WAT, all treatments other than simazine and granular applied oxadiazon reduced root length when compared with the nontreated. By 10 WAT, only dithiopyr, S-metolachlor alone, and indaziflam reduced root length when compared with the nontreated. No differences were detected in the total amounts of nonstarch nonstructural carbohydrates (TNSC) within the roots in either run of the experiment. Results suggest that indaziflam, dithiopyr, and S-metolachlor are not safe on newly established hybrid bermudagrass and should be avoided during establishment. For all other treatments, hybrid bermudagrass roots were able to recover from initial herbicidal injury by 10 WAT; however, future research should evaluate tensile strength of treated sod.

Herbicide Effects on Ivyleaf Morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea) and Soybean (Glycine max) Growth and Water Relations

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 836-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Holloway ◽  
David R. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Soybean Leaf ◽  
Herbicide Effects

Soybean and ivyleaf morningglory were grown alone and together to quantify water use and growth after treatment with soil-applied chlorimuron plus metribuzin, imazaquin, or no herbicide. Soybean water consumption was 22 ml pot−1day−1or more when grown alone or with another soybean, regardless of herbicide treatment. Ivyleaf morningglory grown alone or with another ivyleaf morningglory consumed ≥ 32 ml water pot−1day−1when no herbicide was applied. Treatment with chlorimuron plus metribuzin or imazaquin reduced ivyleaf morningglory water consumption to ≤ 4 ml pot−1day−1. Water use was reduced with either herbicide when soybean and ivyleaf morningglory were grown together, indicating little or no water consumption by ivyleaf morningglory. Ivyleaf morningglory height, root length, leaf area, and dry matter were reduced by imazaquin or chlorimuron plus metribuzin. Soybean leaf area was also reduced by herbicide treatment or the presence of another plant. Soybean biomass was not reduced in any planting combination, except when two soybean were grown together and treated with imazaquin. Nontreated ivyleaf morningglory partitioned more biomass into the shoots than roots. Ivyleaf morningglory responded to herbicide treatment by partitioning more biomass into roots.

Preemergence Herbicide Effects on Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Interference in Sugarcane (Saccharumspp. hybrids)

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 578-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Richard
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Herbicide Effects

The effect of annual spring PRE applications of fenac, metribuzin, and terbacil on the competitiveness of sugarcane with bermudagrass during a 3-yr crop cycle was evaluated. For each herbicide treatment, bermudagrass was allowed to interfere with sugarcane during the growing season for 0, 1 (plant-cane crop only), 2 (plant-cane and first-ratoon crops), or 3 (plant-cane through second-ratoon crops) yr. Predicted total yields of cane from the three harvested crops was 3600 kg ha−1higher on average in plots maintained free of bermudagrass and treated with metribuzin than where fenac and terbacil were applied. Bermudagrass biomass increased with each growing season. Greatest biomass production occurred in the fenac plots and the smallest in terbacil plots. Bermudagrass did not reduce the predicted total yields of cane where metribuzin or terbacil was applied. With fenac, predicted total cane yields were 4, 7, and 11% lower than the weed-free control where bermudagrass interference was allowed for 1, 2, and 3 yr, respectively. Season-long bermudagrass interference in the fenac plots reduced actual cane yields 10% (plant-cane crop), 6% (first-ratoon crop), and 14% (second-ratoon crop) when compared with plots maintained free of bermudagrass for the entire growing season.

scholarly journals PREEMERGENCE HERBICIDE EFFECTS ON ST. AUGUSTINEGRASS SOD TENSILE STRENGTH AND ROOTING

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 676d-676
Author(s):  
L.B. McCarty
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Initial Application ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Herbicide Effects ◽  
One Year ◽  
Sod Production

The effects of single and sequential applications of currently available herbicides at 0.5X and lX rates on St. Augustinegrass sod production were investigated. single applications were made immediantely after the field was harvested, and remaining ribbons tilled and rolled, while sequential applications were applied approximately six months later. Sod was harvested one year after the initial application with tensile strengths and root core weight recorded. Data will be presented on the herbicide treatment rates and number of application effects on sod tensile strength and root mass.

Common Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Interference in Newly Planted Peach (Prunus persica) Trees

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Weller ◽  
Walter A. Skroch ◽  
Thomas J. Monaco
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
First Year ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Tree Leaf ◽  
Common Bermudagrass

Field experiments conducted over a 2-yr period demonstrated that common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. # CYNDA] inhibited growth of newly planted peach (Prunus persica L. ‘Norman’) trees. Common bermudagrass densities of 100, 75, 50, and 25% ground cover reduced tree fresh weight by 86, 64, 43, and 19%, respectively, the first year (1978) and 87, 62, 44, and 28%, respectively, the second year (1979) after planting. Tree trunk diameter relative growth rate (RGR) was reduced by 75 and 100% common bermudagrass ground cover densities at all measurement dates only in 1978. Tree leaf N and K were reduced in both years by common bermudagrass; however, only at the 100% common bermudagrass density in 1978 was N at a deficient level. Leaf chlorophyll was reduced in trees grown in all densities of common bermudagrass only in 1978. Reduced tree growth cannot be explained entirely by competition for essential nutrients; thus an allelopathic effect of the bermudagrass on young peach roots is suspected.

scholarly journals The Influence of Various Varieties and Various Liquid Organic Fertilizer to Papaya Plant Seed Growth (Carica papaya L.)

AGRIFOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Primadiyanti Arsela
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Seed Growth ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
All Treatment

The main goal of the study was to determine the effect of various  Papaya varieties and liquid organic fertilizer on the growth of Papaya seedlings(Carica papaya L.). The research used Randomized Block Design (RAK) with two factors factorial experimental. The first factor is Variety (V) consists of 3 Papaya varieties: v1= bangkok , v2= red lady , v3= sunrise. The second factor is Fertilizer (C) consists of 3 brands: c1= Em4 10 ml, c2= Green Tonic 10ml, c3= Nasa 10ml. This study has 3 treatment levels consisting of 9 combinations and  repeated 3 times. The results of the study are treatment of various varieties (V) had significant effect on stem diameter and root number. The effect of various liquid organic fertilizer (C) had significant effect on the root length parameters. The interaction all treatment had a very significant effect on the root length and the root number parameter. 

Temporal variations in the rooting ability of cuttings of Populusbalsamifera and Salixplanifolia from natural clones–populations of subarctic Quebec

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 2603-2608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Houle ◽  
Patrice Babeux
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Rooting Ability ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Site Restoration ◽  
Great Root

Temporal variations in the rooting ability of cuttings from five clones of Populusbalsamifera L. and five populations of Salixplanifolia Pursh from the Great Whale River valley in subarctic Quebec were determined. Cuttings were sampled monthly from May through October and rooted in a greenhouse. Root number and length of the longest root per cutting were determined 35 days after planting. There were significant variations among the six sampling dates in the rooting potential of cuttings of both species. A higher percentage of cuttings formed adventitious roots in May and June before or shortly after bud break than later, during the growing season; root number and length followed a similar trend. There was an increase in the rooting ability of cuttings of both species towards the fall period. Salixplanifolia produced more roots per cutting than P. balsamifera early in the season (i.e., May and June), but later in the season the differences between the two species were not great; root length showed no such trend. Differences among clones–populations in the rooting potential of cuttings were large for both species. Coefficients of variation for root number were lower in spring than later, during the growing season, for both P. balsamifera and S. planifolia. Seasonal trends in coefficients of variation for root length were not as evident as for root number. These results have significant implications for site restoration in the Subarctic. To optimize the rooting ability of cuttings and minimize the differences among clones–populations in rooting potential, cuttings should be sampled early in the season before bud break or shortly thereafter.

APPROACHES TO CONTROLLING MICRO-ORGANISMS IN COTTON AND COTTON/ELASTANE CLOTHINGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-135
Author(s):  
Nilüfer Yıldız Varan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Emergency Rooms ◽  
Tear Strength ◽  
Antifungal Properties ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Control Samples

Antimicrobials are substances or mixtures of substances used to destroy or suppress the growth of harmful microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi on inanimate objects and surfaces. In this study, an alternative method is presented using triclosan agents that can kill bacteria and viruses to help keep patient, operating, and emergency rooms free of germs. Samples were treated with triclosan to achieve antimicrobial/antiviral/antifungal properties for further designs to help comfort and bacteria, virus, fungi (BVF) resistantance during use. The physical, and mechanical properties of triclosan treated cotton and cotton/elastane fabrics in comparison with untreated control samples was investigated. The results showed that a small significant decrease was observed for tensile strength (strip and grab methods), tear strength and seam strength. Besides, statistically a small significant decrease was observed with the increase in triclosan concentration for all samples. The panama weaves showed the lowest tensile strength and the highest tear strength and statistically small significant decrease was observed for all treated samples. The antimicrobial tests showed that all treated samples have a very good antimicrobial activity which can also lead to antivirus protection by providing hygienic environment for the users during future designs.

scholarly journals Growth control of herbaceous ground cover and egg quality from an integrated poultry-hazelnut orchard system

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Cosentino ◽  
Pierangelo Freschi ◽  
Simonetta Fascetti ◽  
Rosanna Paolino ◽  
Mauro Musto
Keyword(s):  
Egg Quality ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
The Impact

The present study was designed to assess the impact of hen grazing on plant biodiversity in the ground cover of hazelnut orchards, as well as the quality of eggs from hens grazing in the orchards. Two different sites of hazelnut orchards located in Basilicata region were selected to conduct this study. The results showed that hen grazing affected the composition of herbaceous stratum of the orchards. By using the quadrat method, a total of 99 (46 in site A and 53 in site B) plant species were identified at the beginning of the trial. After hen grazing, the number of identified plants dropped to 72 (30 in site A and 42 in site B). Amongst the most consumed species we found Lolium sp., Trifolium sp., Polygonum sp., Cichorium intybus, Cynodon dactylon. Alpha diversity analysis (species richness, diversity and evenness) as well as beta diversity analysis (Morisita-Horn and Sørensen indices) confirmed that hen grazing played a role in controlling vegetation growth. Concerning egg quality, most of the chemical parameters differed significantly when comparing the eggs from the sites with those from the control group, indicating that egg quality was influenced by the food resources available in each site. Overall, our results confirm that poultry may play a positive role in an orchard system.

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