Temporal variations in the rooting ability of cuttings of Populusbalsamifera and Salixplanifolia from natural clones–populations of subarctic Quebec

Temporal variations in the rooting ability of cuttings from five clones of Populusbalsamifera L. and five populations of Salixplanifolia Pursh from the Great Whale River valley in subarctic Quebec were determined. Cuttings were sampled monthly from May through October and rooted in a greenhouse. Root number and length of the longest root per cutting were determined 35 days after planting. There were significant variations among the six sampling dates in the rooting potential of cuttings of both species. A higher percentage of cuttings formed adventitious roots in May and June before or shortly after bud break than later, during the growing season; root number and length followed a similar trend. There was an increase in the rooting ability of cuttings of both species towards the fall period. Salixplanifolia produced more roots per cutting than P. balsamifera early in the season (i.e., May and June), but later in the season the differences between the two species were not great; root length showed no such trend. Differences among clones–populations in the rooting potential of cuttings were large for both species. Coefficients of variation for root number were lower in spring than later, during the growing season, for both P. balsamifera and S. planifolia. Seasonal trends in coefficients of variation for root length were not as evident as for root number. These results have significant implications for site restoration in the Subarctic. To optimize the rooting ability of cuttings and minimize the differences among clones–populations in rooting potential, cuttings should be sampled early in the season before bud break or shortly thereafter.

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Genome-wide association study of rice rooting ability at the seedling stage

10.21203/rs.3.rs-33742/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xin Xu ◽

Junhua Ye ◽

Yingying Yang ◽

Mengchen Zhang ◽

Qun Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Association Study ◽

Root Length ◽

Genetic Basis ◽

Genome Wide Association Study ◽

Genome Wide Association ◽

Root Number ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Rooting Ability ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Population Structure Analysis

Abstract BackgroundRice rooting ability is a complex agronomical trait that displays heterosis and plays an important role in rice growth and production. Only a few quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been identified by bi-parental population. More genes or QTLs are required to dissect the genetic architecture of rice rooting ability.ResultsTo characterize the genetic basis for rice rooting ability, we used a natural rice population, genotyped by a 90K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, to identify the loci associated with rooting-related traits through the genome-wide association study (GWAS). Population structure analysis divided the natural population into two subgroups: indica and japonica. We measured four traits for evaluating rice rooting ability, namely root growth ability (RGA), maximum root length (MRL), root length (RL), and root number (RN). Using the association study in three panels consisting of one for the full population, one for indica, and one for japonica, 24 SNPs associated with rooting ability-related traits were identified. Through comparison of the relative expression levels and DNA sequences between germplasm with extreme phenotypes, results showed that LOC_Os05g11810 had non-synonymous variations at the coding region, which may cause differences in root number, and that the expression levels of LOC_Os04g09900 and LOC_Os04g10060 are closely associated with root length variation.ConclusionsThrough evaluation of the rice rooting ability-related traits and the association mapping, we provided useful information for understanding the genetic basis of rice rooting ability and also identified some candidate genes and molecular markers for rice root breeding.

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569 PB 012 A MODIFIED FORCING SOLUTION SYSTEM PROMOTES PROPAGATION OF WOODY SPECIES

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.5.513c ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 513c-513

Author(s):

Guochen Yang ◽

Paul E. Read

Keyword(s):

Root Length ◽

Woody Species ◽

Shoot Elongation ◽

Bud Break ◽

Root Number ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Solution System ◽

Forcing Solution

A forcing solution containing 200 mg 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate per liter and 2% sucrose has enhanced availability of cutting materials by forcing dormant woody stems in the off-season. Anxins, such as IBA, included in the forcing solution promoted subsequent rooting by increasing root number per cutting and root length for privet. Inclusion of IBA in the forcing solution following the initial use of GA3 in the forcing solution counteracted the undesirable effects of GA3 on rooting and stimulated rooting after taking advantage of the favorable effects of GA3 on bud break and shoot elongation. However, the ability of IBA to counteract the negative effects of GA3 on rooting was dependent on the length of GA3 treatment. The modification of forcing solution system by sequentially including GA3 and then replacing GA3 with IBA expedited propagation of privet. Production of candidate cuttings or explants was stimulated by including GA3 in the forcing solution, and rooting of the cuttings was promoted by subsequent auxin or cytokinin inclusions in the forcing solution to replace GA3 This modified forcing solution system also proved to be a successful and efficient model for propagation of other difficult to propagate woody species.

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Rooting Ability of Hardwood Cuttings in Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Using Different Indole-butyric Acid Concentrations

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci13691-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 194-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Haishan An ◽

Jiajia Meng ◽

Fangjie Xu ◽

Shuang Jiang ◽

Xiaoqing Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Butyric Acid ◽

Root Length ◽

Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Highbush Blueberry ◽

Root Number ◽

Indole Butyric Acid ◽

Rooting Ability ◽

Rooting Response ◽

Main Factor

Vegetative propagation by cuttings is a very popular method. However, blueberry propagation using cuttings is still a main factor limiting its expansion because its results can vary according to the blueberry cultivar and environmental factors. This study aimed to evaluate the rooting abilities of hardwood cuttings for six blueberry cultivars (O’Neal, Misty, Diana, Biloxi, Bluebeauty, and Coville) using three different exogenous indole-butyric acid (IBA) concentrations (1000, 2000, and 3000 ppm), and to determine if the cutting position (basal, central, apical) affects rooting performance. A control treatment (0 ppm IBA) was also performed. After 90 days of each treatment, rooting percentage, average root length, and average root number per cutting were assessed and used to calculate rooting index, which is a measure of rooting ability. The rooting percentages of hardwood cuttings differed largely among cultivars and were highest for ‘Bluebeauty’ (68.55%), followed by ‘Biloxi’ (68.01%). The rooting index values of these two cultivars (33.59 and 35.18, respectively) were significantly higher than those of the other four cultivars. The rooting response of blueberry hardwood cuttings to IBA concentrations was quadratic, and 1000 and 2000 ppm IBA were sufficient to express the maximum rooting percentage in most cultivars. The rooting abilities of basal, central, and apical cuttings were similar with treatments with high IBA concentrations. The effects of the cultivar, IBA concentration, and interaction between them on rooting percentage, average root length, and average root number were significant; however, the effects of the cutting position on the rooting percentage and average root length were not. This suggested that the rooting abilities of blueberry hardwood cuttings were significantly influenced by the cultivar and IBA concentration rather than by the cutting position.

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Genome-Wide Association Study of Rice Rooting Ability at the Seedling Stage

10.21203/rs.3.rs-33742/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xin Xu ◽

Junhua Ye ◽

Yingying Yang ◽

Mengchen Zhang ◽

Qun Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Association Study ◽

Root Length ◽

Genetic Basis ◽

Genome Wide Association Study ◽

Genome Wide Association ◽

Root Number ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Rooting Ability ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Population Structure Analysis

Abstract Background Rice rooting ability is a complex agronomical trait that displays heterosis and plays an important role in rice growth and production. Only a few quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been identified by bi-parental population. More genes or QTLs are required to dissect the genetic architecture of rice rooting ability.Results To characterize the genetic basis for rice rooting ability, we used a natural rice population, genotyped by a 90K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, to identify the loci associated with rooting-related traits through the genome-wide association study (GWAS). Population structure analysis divided the natural population into two subgroups: indica and japonica. We measured four traits for evaluating rice rooting ability, namely root growth ability (RGA), maximum root length (MRL), root length (RL), and root number (RN). Combined with the association study in three panels consisting of one for the full population, one for indica, and one for japonica, 32 SNPs associated with rooting ability-related traits were identified. Through comparison of the relative expression levels and DNA sequences between germplasms with extreme phenotypes, results showed that LOC_Os05g11810 had non-synonymous variations at the coding region, which may cause differences in root number, and that the expression levels of LOC_Os04g09900 and LOC_Os04g10060 are closely associated with root length variation.Conclusions The goal of our research was to improve understanding of the genetic basis of rice rooting ability and provide useful molecular markers and germplasms for rice root breeding.

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EFFECTS OF ALUMINIUM ON THE ADVENTITIOUS ROOT SYSTEM, AERIAL BIOMASS AND GRAIN YIELD OF MAIZE GROWN IN THE FIELD AND IN A RHIZOTRON

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479706003620 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 351-366 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. J. COMIN ◽

J. BARLOY ◽

V. HALLAIRE ◽

F. ZANETTE ◽

P. R. M. MILLER

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Root System ◽

Soil Solution ◽

Root Length ◽

Adventitious Root ◽

Adventitious Roots ◽

Total Root Length ◽

Al Tolerance ◽

Root Branching ◽

Four Levels

The aim of this work was to study the effects of soluble aluminium on the morphology and growth of the adventitious root system, aerial biomass and grain yield of maize (Zea mays). The analysis focuses on two hybrid cultivars (Al-sensitive HS7777 and Al-tolerant C525M). Experiments were carried out in the field and in a rhizotron in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. In the field, four levels of lime application were used: T0 = 0 t ha−1, T1 = 3.5 t ha−1, T2 = 7.0 t ha−1, and T3 = 10.5 t ha−1. Two levels were used in a rhizotron: T0 and T3. In the surface horizon (0–15 cm), the Al concentrations of the soil solution were: T0 = 15, T1 = 5.1, T2 = 4.4, and T3 = 3.1 μM. In the field, neither Al concentration in the soil solution nor cultivar affected the number of primary adventitious roots per internode or the total number of primary adventitious roots. However, root diameter, plant population and grain yield of the two cultivars confirmed the differences in Al tolerance between them. Al was observed to have an adverse effect on the grain yield from C525M, while low yields from HS7777, at all levels of Al, precluded any response to liming. In the rhizotron studies, Al concentration and cultivar affected the root branching and total root length. Cultivar C525M had more branches and total root length than HS7777, mainly at low concentrations of soil Al solution, leading to greater spatial colonization of the soil down to 0.9 m depth.

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The Influence of Various Varieties and Various Liquid Organic Fertilizer to Papaya Plant Seed Growth (Carica papaya L.)

AGRIFOR ◽

10.31293/af.v17i1.3359 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 153

Author(s):

Primadiyanti Arsela

Keyword(s):

Root Length ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Root Number ◽

Plant Seed ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Seed Growth ◽

Two Factors ◽

All Treatment

The main goal of the study was to determine the effect of various Papaya varieties and liquid organic fertilizer on the growth of Papaya seedlings(Carica papaya L.). The research used Randomized Block Design (RAK) with two factors factorial experimental. The first factor is Variety (V) consists of 3 Papaya varieties: v1= bangkok , v2= red lady , v3= sunrise. The second factor is Fertilizer (C) consists of 3 brands: c1= Em4 10 ml, c2= Green Tonic 10ml, c3= Nasa 10ml. This study has 3 treatment levels consisting of 9 combinations and repeated 3 times. The results of the study are treatment of various varieties (V) had significant effect on stem diameter and root number. The effect of various liquid organic fertilizer (C) had significant effect on the root length parameters. The interaction all treatment had a very significant effect on the root length and the root number parameter.

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The Use of Bean Sprout Extract as Supplement for the Growth of Plaintain Unti Sayang (Musa paradisiaca L.) by Tissue Culture

Journal of Agricultural Studies ◽

10.5296/jas.v2i1.5137 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 99

Author(s):

Nirwana Jufri ◽

Dr. Abdullah ◽

Devi Susanti

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Root Length ◽

Culture Media ◽

Leaf Number ◽

Wide Field ◽

Root Number ◽

Bean Sprout ◽

Musa Paradisiaca ◽

Tissue Culture Media ◽

Growth Quality

One of the problems in plaintain development is on the plant breeding that has been conducted convensionally by using seedlings, so that it requires time and wide field, different treatment, and potentially brings pests and deseases. The bean sprout extract is potentially useful in improving the explant growth quality of plaintain by tissue culture. This study aims to know the influence of bean sprout extract concentration as supplement in tissue culture media upon the explant growth of plaintain Unti sayang (Musa paradisiaca L). There are 4 dosages of bean sprout extract as control. The data was analyzed by using ANOVA and was continued by using BNJ test. The result of the experiment shows that the bean sprout extract influences significatly on the plantlets height, leaf number, root length, and root number. The dosage of 100 g/l and 200 g/l bean sprout extracts provide the best result on the experimenting component of plantlet height, leaf number, root length, and root number. Meanwhile, the experimenting component of leaf number and the wet weight of the plantlets provide the best result on MS without any addition of bean sprout extract.

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The Induction of Adventitious Roots Regeneration before Transplanting Rootless Ficus elastica Heritage Tree

Forests ◽

10.3390/f11101057 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1057

Author(s):

Nelson Li ◽

Pei-Chun Tu ◽

Kuo-Chin Lo ◽

Yu-Sen Chang

Keyword(s):

Adventitious Roots ◽

Small Diameter ◽

Root Diameter ◽

Fractional Factorial ◽

Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽

Rooting Ability ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Aerial Roots ◽

Heritage Trees ◽

Heritage Tree

Heritage trees carry both botanical and historical value for a city’s resilience and sustainability and hence are precious and unique. Their transplant is costly and very rare due to tremendous cost and 100% survival requirement by law. Rootless transplant is even more detrimental to the heritage tree due to removal of roots infected by brown root rot (BRR) before transplanting. This study examined the adventitious roots (AR) induction ability of the Ficus elastica Roxb. heritage tree infected with BRR. The experimental design considered three factors: root diameter (RD), wounding method (WM), and auxin solution on aerial roots under fractional factorial experiment in completely randomized design (CRD). There were four RD groups: RDI (RD < 2 cm), RDII (2 ≤ RD ≤ 4.3 cm), RDIII (4.3 < RD ≤ 22), and RDIV (RD > 22); three WMs: cutting off (CF), girdling (GD), and rectangular shape peeling (RP) of aerial roots; and three auxin solutions: 2000 mg·L−1 IBA(Indole-3-butyric acid) (2B), 2000 mg·L−1 IBA + 2000 mg·L−1 NAA(1-Naphthaleneacetic acid) (2NB), and 4000 mg·L−1 IBA (4B) plus water as control (C). The number of rooting wounds, number of roots, and the mean length of the three longest adventitious roots in each wound were recorded to evaluate the AR rooting performance. Twenty four treatment combinations including 328 wounds were tested. The results showed that rooting ability was significantly correlated with RD and WM. Smaller RDs had better rooting and declined with increased RDs. CF had the best rooting followed by GD and then RP. Auxin solution did not significantly affect the rooting ability. It may be due to the abundant endogenous auxin in the heritage tree, which mitigated the effect of exogenous auxin for AR induction. We conclude that cutting off small-diameter aerial roots is the best approach to induce ARs from rootless F. elastica heritage trees to enhance transplantation success.

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Determining the Rooting Ability of Hardwood Cuttings of Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cv. ‘Bluecrop’ Stored in Refrigerating Conditions

Journal of Agricultural Studies ◽

10.5296/jas.v8i3.16309 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 81

Author(s):

Sabri Braha ◽

Petrit Rama ◽

Agim Zajmi

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Butyric Acid ◽

Adventitious Roots ◽

Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽

Mother Plant ◽

Winter Period ◽

Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽

Intact Control ◽

Rooting Ability ◽

Time Periods

This experiment has been carried out in order to determine the rooting ability of hardwood cuttings of the blueberry cultivar ‘Bluecrop’ collected during the deep dormant winter period in the last part of January. In order to induce the adventitious roots formation, the cuttings were stimulated using Indol Butyric Acid (IBA) and Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) in various concentrations (1500, 3000, 4500 ppm), whilst one row in each box remained intact (control). The collection of cuttings off the mother plant at the beginning of January enable the nutrients and other matter that help the process of rooting not to move from the base of cutting towards the top and consequently they remain at the base of cutting which results with quite a high rooting percentage (up to 72.5%) compared to the cuttings collected in February with rooting percentage of 67.5% and in March (52%). In both types of substrate, turf and turf-perlite 2:1 and in different time periods when cuttings have been collected, IBA proved to be better in inducing adventitious roots compared to NAA.

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Crosstalk Pathway between Trehalose Metabolism and Cytokinin Degradation for the Determination of the Number of Berries per Bunch in Grapes

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells9112378 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 2378

Author(s):

Ayane Moriyama ◽

Chiho Yamaguchi ◽

Shinichi Enoki ◽

Yoshinao Aoki ◽

Shunji Suzuki

Keyword(s):

Cultured Cells ◽

Growing Season ◽

Cytokinin Oxidase ◽

Flower Formation ◽

Bud Break ◽

Flower Buds ◽

New Information ◽

Trehalose Metabolism ◽

Cultivation Techniques

In grapes, the number of flowers per inflorescence determines the compactness of grape bunches. Grape cultivars with tight bunches and thin-skinned berries easily undergo berry splitting, especially in growing areas with heavy rainfall during the grapevine growing season, such as Japan. We report herein that grape cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase 5 (VvCKX5) determines the number of berries per inflorescence in grapes. The number of berries per bunch was inversely proportional to the VvCKX5 expression level in juvenile inflorescences among the cultivars tested. VvCKX5 overexpression drastically decreased the number of flower buds per inflorescence in Arabidopsis plants, suggesting that VvCKX5 might be one of the negative regulators of the number of flowers per inflorescence in grapes. Similarly, the overexpression of grape sister of ramose 3 (VvSRA), which encodes trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase that catalyzes the conversion of trehalose-6-phosphate into trehalose, upregulated AtCKX7 expression in Arabidopsis plants, leading to a decrease in the number of flower buds per Arabidopsis inflorescence. VvCKX5 gene expression was upregulated in grapevine cultured cells and juvenile grape inflorescences treated with trehalose. Finally, injecting trehalose into swelling buds nearing bud break using a microsyringe decreased the number of berries per bunch by half. VvCKX5 overexpression in Arabidopsis plants had no effect on the number of secondary inflorescences from the main inflorescence, and similarly trehalose did not affect pedicel branching on grapevine inflorescences, suggesting that VvCKX5, as well as VvSRA-mediated trehalose metabolism, regulates flower formation but not inflorescence branching. These findings may provide new information on the crosstalk between VvSRA-mediated trehalose metabolism and VvCKX-mediated cytokinin degradation for determining the number of berries per bunch. Furthermore, this study is expected to contribute to the development of innovative cultivation techniques for loosening tight bunches.

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