Toward Reduced Herbicide Rates and Adapted Weed Management

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Zoschke
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Weed Dynamics ◽  
Low Rate

Herbicides are an integral part of farmers' cultural practices worldwide. Growing concerns about agrochemical residues in the environment and in the food supply require a critical discussion about how to secure the environmental fitness of any weed management practice. Promising ways to minimize herbicide consumption include the introduction of new (low-rate) chemistries, the low-rate concept, innovative formulations, application timing, and a cropping systems approach. However, many questions with regard to crop/weed dynamics in different agricultural production systems require answers before final recommendations can be made, and the farmer has to occupy a central part of our considerations. Besides conducting more basic weed research to reduce herbicide rates, it will be equally important to integrate the efforts of all parties involved and to improve the communication with our customers, including the public, environmental interest groups, and politicians. To be widely accepted, weed management practices for the future have to be adapted such that the respective requirements of environment, society, and economics are fully met.

scholarly journals Weed Management Practice Selection Among Midwest U.S. Organic Growers

Weed Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 520-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. DeDecker ◽  
John B. Masiunas ◽  
Adam S. Davis ◽  
Courtney G. Flint
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Organic Farmers ◽  
Organic Weed Management ◽  
Selection Of

Organic agricultural systems increase the complexity of weed management, leading organic farmers to cite weeds as one of the greatest barriers to organic production. Integrated Weed Management (IWM) systems have been developed to address the ecological implications of weeds and weed management in cropping systems, but adoption is minimal. Organic agriculture offers a favorable context for application of IWM, as both approaches are motivated by concern for environmental quality and agricultural sustainability. However, adoption of IWM on organic farms is poorly understood due to limited data on weed management practices used, absence of an IWM adoption metric, and insufficient consideration given to the unique farming contexts within which weed management decisions are made. Therefore, this study aimed to (1) characterize organic weed management systems; (2) identify motivations for, and barriers to, selection of weed management practices; and (3) generate guiding principles for effective targeting of weed management outreach. We surveyed Midwestern organic growers to determine how specified psychosocial, demographic, and farm structure factors influence selection of weed management practices. Cluster analysis of the data detected three disparate, yet scaled, approaches to organic weed management. Clusters were distinguished by perspective regarding weeds and the number of weed management practices used. Categorization of individual farms within the identified approaches was influenced by primary farm products as well as farmer education, years farming, and information-seeking behavior. The proposed conceptual model allows weed management educators to target outreach for enhanced compatibility of farming contexts and weed management technologies.

scholarly journals Managing glyphosate-resistant weeds with cover crop associated with herbicide rotation and mixture

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aroldo Marochi ◽  
Antonio Ferreira ◽  
Hudson Kagueyama Takano ◽  
Rubem Silvério Oliveira Junior ◽  
Ramiro Fernando Lopez Ovejero
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Suppression Effect ◽  
Herbicide Programs

ABSTRACT Herbicide resistance has become a major concern for agricultural systems, and integrating weed management practices seem to be the most promise way for its mitigation. The effects of cropping systems including ruzigrass (Urochloa ruziziensis) associated with herbicide rotation programs were evaluated for the management of glyphosate resistant conyza (Conyza sumatrensis) and sourgrass (Digitaria insularis) in soybean and corn production systems. A 3x3 factorial was evaluated in four consecutive soybean (spring-summer) and corn (fall-winter) double cropping seasons. Factor A consisted of three combinations of cropping systems in the fall-winter: corn, corn plus ruzigrass, and ruzigrass alone. Factor B was based on increasing levels of diversity in herbicide mode of action over the four-year period (5, 8, and 11 MoAs). The results indicate that using ruzigrass significantly increased soil coverage by cover crop residues. In general, the cover crop was more efficient for conyza than for sourgrass control, whereas herbicide programs provided greater control on sourgrass than on conyza. Besides the weed suppression effect, the accumulation of ruzigrass biomass on the soil surface during the fall-winter also improved yield of soybean in the spring-summer. The integration of ruzigrass as a cover crop and the use of herbicide programs with multiple modes of action can provide efficient control of glyphosate-resistant conyza and sourgrass. The use of only one of these strategies was not effective in most cases, especially for the long term.

scholarly journals Weed management practices in natural ecosystems: a critical overview

Koedoe ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.F. Reinhardt
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Basic Biology ◽  
Herbicide Use

Increasing public pressure against the use of pesticides and other agricultural inputs has placed increased emphasis on the development of ecologically based pest management. One distinct reaction of the Weed Science discipline has been the swing away from herbicide research to increased research on the basic biology and ecology of weeds in hopes of reduced reliance on "technological crutches" such as herbicides and other practices that are potentially harmful to the environment. Biological control is the long-standing alternative to the use of herbicides and interest in the former practice has been boosted by the realization that the use of herbicides may lead to the development of herbicide resistance in weed populations, and that herbicide residues occur in surface and groundwater. Supporters of herbicide use would point out that biological control is generally not effective in crop production systems, and is basically slow-acting. Debates between protagonists for the exclusive use of one or the other weed management practice tend to obscure the benefits that integration of different techniques are likely to have. For natural ecosystems it is proposed that integration of the more subtle practice of biological control with the use of herbicides, which relatively quickly overwhelm a biological system with mortality, is likely to be the most effective weed management tool. Different weed management practices that could be considered in natural ecosystems are discussed in terms of three key performance rating criteria, viz. activity, selec- tivity and persistence In this concise review, general discussion is focussed on the fundamentals of weed management practices, with the view to promote concept-based approaches that are critical for the development of effective weed management strate- gies.

scholarly journals Weed Management for Higher Productivity of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) in Plains of Assam

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Aparna Baruah ◽  
Jayanta Deka
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Suitable Combination ◽  
Hand Weeding

A field experiment was conducted in Instruction-cum-Research Farm of Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat district, Assam, India during 2014-15 and 2015-16 to identify a suitable combination of ginger and cowpea intercropping and weed management practice to effectively manage the weeds in ginger. A total of 16 numbers of treatment combinations were considered, comprising 4 legume inter-cropping systems and 4 weed management practices. Intercropping of legume crop Cowpea either in between rows of Ginger and incorporated at 40 days after sowing (DAS) or in between alternate rows of Ginger and incorporated at 40 days after sowing (DAS) and pre-emergence application of Metribuzin 500 g ai ha-1 + hand weeding (HW) at 70, 100 and 140 days after planting (DAP) recorded better results in terms of ginger growth and rhizome yield.

scholarly journals Effects of Narrow-Windrow Burning on Weed Dynamics in Soybean in Louisiana

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie M. Patterson ◽  
Lauren M. Schwartz-Lazaro ◽  
Gabrielle LaBiche ◽  
Daniel O. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Cultural Management ◽  
Soil Seedbank ◽  
Weed Dynamics

The soil seedbank allows for long-term persistence of weed species in agricultural fields. Some weed species can persist in the soil seedbank for extended periods. Restricting inputs into the weed seedbank has a large impact on future population density and influences management practices of these weeds in soybean production systems. Harvest weed seed control (HWSC) tactics incorporate mechanical and cultural management strategies to target weed seeds present at harvest. A 3-year trial was initiated to determine if continual use of the HWSC method, narrow windrow burning, selects for earlier seed set and shattering in Louisiana soybean. No shifts in weed populations or shattering time were observed. However, there was a significant reduction in weed density and the weed seed present in the soil seedbank when HWSC and robust herbicide programs were used in combination. Therefore, utilizing multiple effective weed management strategies is imperative in reducing the soil seedbank.

Nitrate Leaching to a Shallow Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer as Influenced by Conventional No-Till and Low-Input Sustainable Grain Production Systems

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 691-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Craig ◽  
R. R. Weil
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Low Input ◽  
No Till

In December, 1987, the states in the Chesapeake Bay region, along with the federal government, signed an agreement which called for a 40% reduction in nitrogen and phosphorus loadings to the Bay by the year 2000. To accomplish this goal, major reductions in nutrient loadings associated with agricultural management practices were deemed necessary. The objective of this study was to determine if reducing fertilizer inputs to the NT system would result in a reduction in nitrogen contamination of groundwater. In this study, groundwater, soil, and percolate samples were collected from two cropping systems. The first system was a conventional no-till (NT) grain production system with a two-year rotation of corn/winter wheat/double crop soybean. The second system, denoted low-input sustainable agriculture (LISA), produced the same crops using a winter legume and relay-cropped soybeans into standing wheat to reduce nitrogen and herbicide inputs. Nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in groundwater were significantly lower under the LISA system. Over 80% of the NT groundwater samples had NO3-N concentrations greater than 10 mgl-1, compared to only 4% for the LISA cropping system. Significantly lower soil mineral N to a depth of 180 cm was also observed. The NT soil had nearly twice as much mineral N present in the 90-180 cm portion than the LISA cropping system.

Using a sensitivity analysis of a weed dynamics model to develop sustainable cropping systems. I. Annual interactions between crop management techniques and biophysical field state variables

2012 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. COLBACH ◽  
D. MÉZIÈRE
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Dynamics Model ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Field State ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Weed Dynamics

SUMMARYEnvironmental problems mean that herbicide applications must be drastically reduced and optimized. Models that quantify the effects of crop management techniques on weed dynamics are valuable tools for designing weed management strategies. Indeed, the techniques to be optimized are numerous and diverse, and their effects vary considerably with environmental conditions and the state of the weed flora. In the present study, a mechanistic weed dynamics model,AlomySys, was used to carry outin silicoexperiments in order to: (1) rank crop management components according to the resulting decrease in weed infestation, and (2) study the sensitivity of the major component effects to biophysical field state variables in order to identify indicators and thresholds that could serve for future decision-rules for farmers. The various results were compiled into rules for optimizing timing and other options (tillage tools, herbicide types) for the different crop management techniques. The rules were based on a series of biophysical field state variables, i.e. cumulated rainfall, thermal time, soil moisture and weed densities prior to the operation, in the previous and pre-previous crops. For instance, the first tillage should be delayed until the cumulated rainfall since harvest exceeds 50 mm and be carried out in moist conditions. Mouldboard ploughing is advised if the infestation of the previous crop exceeds 20 weeds/m2and particularly if this exceeds 0·3 times that of the pre-previous crop. Ploughing should occur when the cumulated rainfall since harvest reaches 100–200 mm. The effects of crop succession and long-term effects of management techniques have been studied in a companion paper (Colbachet al. 2012).

scholarly journals Effect of weed management practices on weed dynamics in clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub]

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 338-342
Author(s):  
Hitesh Borana ◽  
I Singh ◽  
JR Verma ◽  
ML Mehriya ◽  
UN Shukla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Weed Dynamics

scholarly journals Association of Chocolate Spot and Faba Bean Rust Epidemics with Climate Change Resilient Cultural Practices in Bale Highlands, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gosaye Eshetu ◽  
Yekedem Bimrew ◽  
Hassen Shifa
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Multiple Variable ◽  
Chocolate Spot ◽  
The Mean

Field survey was conducted in south eastern Ethiopia to determine the disease intensity of chocolate spot and rust and to investigate the association of disease intensity (incidence and severity) with environmental factors and crop cultural practices. A total of 280 faba bean fields were surveyed in eight districts, and type of cropping system, weed management practices, crop growth stage, previous crop in the field, and sowing date were recorded. The associations of disease intensity with independent variables were evaluated using logistic regression model. Mean disease incidence of chocolate spot varied from 70.9 to 93.2% in most fields while percentage severity index (PSI) ranged from 10.5 to 47.1%. In a reduced multiple variable model, chocolate PSI ≤ 30% showed high probability of association with mixed cropping system, good weed management practices, late planting, and when faba bean was rotated with vegetables and cereals. The mean disease incidence of faba bean rust was varied from 23.6 to 78.2%, while the mean PSI of rust was varied from 4.8 to 37.9%. In Gasera, Dinsho, and Agarfa districts, poor weed management practices, fields planted in the month of July, and when previous crop was legume had a high probability of association to (>20) rust PSI in a multiple variable reduced model. In contrast, soil types, fertilizer applied, and fungicides sprayed were not associated with disease intensity. The present study has identified cropping system, planting date, previous crop, district, and weed management practices as important variables that influence faba bean chocolate spot and rust epidemics in diversified fields. Therefore, proper weeding management practices, late planting, crop rotation habit, and other related farm practices should be carried out to reduce chocolate spot and rust impact until resistant faba bean genotypes are developed and distributed to the area.

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