Penyelidikan KLB keracunan makanan acara ruwahan di desa Mulo, Gunung Kidul provinsi DIY

2018 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mur Prasetyaningrum ◽  
Z. Chomariyah ◽  
Trisno Agung Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Case Control ◽  
P Value ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Population At Risk ◽  
E Coli

Tujuan: Studi ini untuk mengetahui gambaran KLB keracunan pangan yang terjadi di desa Mulo menurut deskripsi epidemiologi, faktor risiko dan penyebab KLB keracunan makanan. Metode: Studi ini menggunakan studi analitik case control, dimana kasus adalah orang yang mengalami sakit pada tanggal 7 - 8 Mei 2017, tinggal di desa Mulo dan mengkonsumsi makanan olahan dari bapak S dan K. Instrument menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil: KLB terjadi di Desa Mulo RT 5 dan 6 dengan jumlah kasus sebanyak 18 orang dari total population at risk 112 orang dengan gejala utama diare (100%), mual (72,2%), demam (66,6%), pusing (66,6%) dan muntah (50%). Dari diagnosa banding menurut gejala, masa inkubasi dan agent penyebab keracunan, kecurigaan kontaminasi bakteri mengarah pada E. Coli (ETEC). Masa inkubasi 1-16 jam (rata-rata 9 jam) dan common source curve. Penyaji makanan ada dua (pak K dan pak S). Dari perhitungan AR, berdasarkan sumber makanan mengarah pada makanan dari pak S (AR=42,8%). Bedasarkan menu, perhitungan OR dan CI 95 % jenis makanan yang dicurigai sebagai penyebab KLB adalah urap/gudangan (OR=4,33; p value0,0071) dan sayur lombok (OR=6,31; p value 0,0071). Sampel yang didapatkan adalah sampel air bersih, feses, dan muntahan penderita, sampel makanan tidak didapatkan karena keterlambatan informasi dari masyarakat. Hasil laboratorium, Total Coliform sampel air bersih melebihi ambang batas, sampel feses dan muntahan mengandung bakteri Klebsiella pneumonia.Simpulan: Terdapat 3 (tiga) faktor yang diduga sebagai penyebab keracunan pada warga Desa Mulo yaitu air bersih untuk mengolah makanan tercemar bakteri patogen, pengolahan makanan tidak hygienis dan penyajian makanan pada suhu ruang lebih dari 1 jam.

scholarly journals Predicting the Environmental Suitability and Population at Risk of Podoconiosis in Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kebede Deribe ◽  
Hope Simpson ◽  
Rachel L. Pullan ◽  
Mbonigaba Jean Bosco ◽  
Samuel Wanji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Population At Risk ◽  
Environmental Suitability

AbstractBackgroundPodoconiosis is a type of tropical lymphedema that causes massive swelling of the lower limbs. The disease is associated with both economic insecurity, due to long-term morbidity-related loss of productivity, and intense social stigma. The geographical distribution and burden of podoconiosis in Africa is uncertain.MethodsWe applied statistical modelling to the most comprehensive database compiled to date to predict the environmental suitability of podoconiosis in the African continent. By combining climate and environmental data and overlaying population figures, we predicted the suitability and human population at risk.ResultsIn Africa, environmental suitability for podoconiosis was predicted in 29 countries. By 2020, the total population in areas suitable for podoconiosis was estimated at 114.5 million people, (95% confidence interval: 109.4-123.9) with 16.9 million in areas suitable for both lymphatic filariasis and podoconiosis. Of the total 5,712 implementation units defined by WHO in Africa, 1,655 (29.0%) were found to be environmentally suitable for podoconiosis. The majority of IUs with high environmental suitability are located in Angola (80 IUs), Cameroon (170 IUs), the DRC (244 IUs), Ethiopia (495 IUs), Kenya (217 IUs), Uganda (116 IUs) and Tanzania (112 IUs). Of the 1,655 environmental suitable IUs, 960 (58.0%) require more detailed community-level mappingConclusionsOur estimates provide key evidence of the population at risk and geographical extent of podoconiosis in Africa, which will help decision-makers to better plan more integrated intervention programmes.

scholarly journals Determinan Kejadian Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Medan Johor

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Pariono Sinaga ◽  
Hartono Hartono
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Case Control ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Purposive Sampling

Penyakit demam berdarah dengue merupakan salah satu penyakit tular vektor yang menyerang masyarakat perkotaan (aedes aegypti) dan masyarakat pedesaan (aedes albopictus). Salah satu daerah endemis DBD di Kota Medan adalah wilayah kerja Puskesmas Medan Johor dimana setiap tahunnya di wilayah tersebut selalu ditemukan kasus baru DBD dan jumlah kasus DBD selalu meningkat pada akhir tahun karena musim penghujan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah survei analitik dengan menggunakan pendekatan case control.  Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh keluarga yang bertempat tinggal di wilayah kerja puskesmas medan johor yaitu sebanyak 20.968 KK. Sampel dalam penelitian ini dibagi dua kelompok yaitu kelompok kasus dan kelompok kontrol. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah total population untuk kelompok kasus yaitu sebanyak 20 responden dan purposive sampling untuk kelompok kontrol sebanyak 20 orang dengan perbandingan 1:1. Hasil penelitian ini menggunakan uji statistik chi-square dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan pelaksanaan pemberantasan sarang nyamuk (PSN), menggantung pakaian dan tidur siang/sore dengan kejadian DBD dengan masing – masing p-value < dari α (0,027<0,05), (0,022<0,05), (0,027<0,05). tidak ada hubungan kasa pada ventilasi, menggunakan obat/anti nyamuk  dan menggunakan kelambu dengan kejadian DBD dengan masing – masing  p-value > dari α (0,197>0,05), (0,311>0,05), (0,053>0,05). Kesimpulannya adalah ada hubungan pemberantasan sarang nyamuk (PSN), menggantung pakaian dan tidur siang/sore dengan kejadian DBD. Disarankan kepada masyarkat untuk selalu aktif melakakukan tindakan – tindakan pencegahan penyakit DBD.

scholarly journals Hubungan Usia Ibu Dan Paritas Dengan Kejadian Abortus Di RSUD Dr. H. Moch Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin

2019 ◽  
pp. 241-250
Author(s):  
Susanti Suhartati ◽  
Laurensia Yunita ◽  
Putri Lestari
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Case Control ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Abortion Incidence ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Samples

Latar belakang: Salah satu penyebab kematian ibu adalah perdarahan, dimana salah satu penyebab perdarahan pada awal kehamilan adalah abortus. Abortus adalah berakhirnya suatu kehamilan sebelum janin mencapai berat 500 gram atau umur kehamilan kurang dari 22 minggu atau hasil konsepsi belum mampu untuk hidup di luar kandungan.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan usia ibu dan paritas dengan kejadian abortus di RSUD Dr. H. Moch Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan survey analitik dengan pendekatan case control. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu hamil yang mengalami abortus dan ibu hamil yang bersalin normal dengan mengambil sampel kasus dan sampel control  menggunakan perbandingan 1:1 dan total sampel kasus dan kontrol yang digunakan adalah 314 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel total sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-Square.Hasil: Hasil penelitian di RSUD Dr. H. Moch Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin menunjukkan, hubungan usia dengan kejadian abortus p value=0,042 dan OR=1,631 dan paritas dengan kejadian abortus p value=0,008 dan OR=1,975Simpulan: Ada hubungan antara usia dengan kejadian abortus, usia beresiko memiliki resiko 1,6 kali lebih tinggi mengalami kejadian abortus. Ada hubungan antara paritas dengan kejadian abortus, paritas beresiko memiliki resiko 1,9 kali lebih tinggi mengalami kejadian abortus. Kata kunci: Abortus, Paritas, Usia Ibu ABSTRACTBackground: One of the causes of maternal death is bleeding, where one of the causes of bleeding in early pregnancy is abortion. Abortion is the end of a pregnancy before the fetus reaches a weight of 500 grams or gestational age of fewer than 22 weeks or the conception has not been able to live out of the womb.Objective: Knowing the relationship between maternal age factor, abortion history, and parity with abortion incidence in RSUD Dr. H. Moch Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin.Method: his research uses analytical survey with a case-control approach. The population in this study were all mothers who had an abortion by taking samples of case and control samples using a ratio of 1: 1 and the total sample and control samples used were 314 people. Total sampling technique. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test.Results: Results of research in RSUD Dr. H. Moch Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin shows, the age relationship with the incidence of abortion p value=0,042 and OR=1,631, and parity with abortus p value=0,008 and OR=1,975Summary: There was a correlation between age and abortion, age was at risk 1.6 times higher experienced abortion. There was a relationship between abortion history and abortion, There was a relationship between parity and the incidence of abortion, parity at risk of 1.9 times higher risk of abortion. Keywords: Abortion, Mother Age, Parity  

scholarly journals Cemaran Mikroba Escherichia coli dan Total Bakteri Koliform pada Air Minum Isi Ulang

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Rolan Sudirman Pakpahan ◽  
Intje Picauly ◽  
I Nyoman W. Mahayasa
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Regression Test ◽  
Logistic Regression Test

AbstrakJumlah layanan air minum melalui depot air minum di Kota Kupangmeningkat dengan rata-rata 1,44 setiap tahun sejak 2010, sementara tidakterdapat jaminan kualitas air minum isi ulang memenuhi syarat setiap saat. Hasil pemeriksaan sampel air minum isi ulang di Kota Kupang tahun 2013 menunjukkan 37,5% tercemar mikroba. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis cemaran mikroba dan mengetahui determinan cemaran Escherichia coli (E. coli) dan total koliform pada air minum isi ulang. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi potong lintang periode Januari Maret 2015. Populasi penelitian berjumlah 51 depot air minum yang ditentukan menggunakan teknik total sampling. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, analisis bivariat menggunakan uji regresi logistik sederhana, dan analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik berganda. Hasil penelitian terhadap 51 depot air minum menunjukkan air minum telah tercemar mikroba sebanyak 26 depot air minum (51%), tercemar E. coli 33,33%, dan tercemar total koliform 51%. Deteminan cemaran mikroba dengan uji bivariat adalah pengetahuan (nilai p = 0,01), sikap operator (nilai p = 0,05). Sedangkan determinan cemaran mikroba uji multivariat adalah pengetahuan operator (nilai p = 0,026), kebersihan operator (nilai p = 0,05) dan sanitasi depot air minum (nilai p = 0,044). Variabel yang paling dominan memengaruhi cemaran mikroba adalah pengetahuan, kebersihan operator, dan sanitasi depot air minum.AbstractAmount of drinking water services through drinking water depots in KupangCity is increasing in avarage of 1.44 every year since 2010, meanwhilethere is no guarantee that refill drinking water quality meets any requirement every time. Results of refill drinking water sample in Kupang City in 2013 showed the water was 37.5% contaminated by microbes. This study aimed to analyze microbial contamination and determine determinants of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and total Coliform on refill drinking water. This study used cross sectional design on January - March 2015. The population was 51 depots determined using total sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted in univariate, bivariate using simple logistic regression test and multivariate using multiple logistic regression test. Results showed drinking water contaminated by microbes worth 26 depots (51%), by E. coli 33.33% and by total Coliform 51%. Microbial contamination determinants using bivariate were knowledge (p value = 0.01) and behavior of operator (p value = 0.05). Meanwhile, microbial contamination determinants conducting multivariate were knowledge (p value = 0.026), hygiene of operator (p value = 0.05) and depot sanitation (p value = 0.044). Most dominating variables influencing microbial contamination are knowledge, operator’s hygiene and depot sanitation.

Case–control studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Noel S. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Population At Risk ◽  
Control Study

Case–control studies compare ill or injured individuals (cases) with those at risk of the illness or injury (controls) with regard to prior exposures or characteristics, and so appear to proceed backwards, from consequence to potential cause. They have the potential to identify associations that are not causal, either because of chance, or because of the influence of some other factor associated with both the exposure and outcome. However, if a case–control study is able to enrol cases and controls from the same underlying population at risk of the outcome, and can measure exposure status of these persons in a valid manner, the results obtained will closely resemble those of a properly performed cohort study.

scholarly journals Effective Management Tools for Solving the Problem of Poverty in Relation to Food Waste in Context of Integrated Management of Energy

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4245
Author(s):  
Bohuslava Mihalčová ◽  
Antonín Korauš ◽  
Olha Prokopenko ◽  
Jozefína Hvastová ◽  
Magdaléna Freňáková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Population At Risk ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Eu

Globally, millions of people suffer from poverty. This paper discusses the problem of poverty especially in relation to food waste. The prevention of food waste can also contribute to global poverty reduction, and the reduction of food waste is a tool for sustainable growth and competitiveness. At present, the number of people at risk of poverty and the amount of food waste are increasing at unsustainable rates. An integrated and efficient tool for the management of food, energy, and water (FEW) resources to improve FEW security via an interdisciplinary approach could help address several of the most significant global challenges, such as climate change, and economic, environmental, and social security. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the existence of poverty and the treatment of food for sustainable growth. The analysis focused on the EU countries and the main data source was the Eurostat database. Households generally create the largest proportion of food waste. Pareto analysis shows that in households, food and non-alcoholic beverages are among the first group of expenses, and in the EU countries they represent approximately 12% of the total expenses. Food and non-alcoholic beverages are a stable, unavoidable, and non-negligible element of total expenses. Paradoxically, enormous amounts of food are wasted. A relatively weak inversely proportional relationship between the amount of food waste per capita and the proportion of the population at risk of poverty among the total population of EU countries was identified through correlational analysis. A very weak relationship between the share of the population at risk of poverty in the total population and the amount of food waste per capita, excluding the population at risk of poverty, was also found.

scholarly journals Stenotrophomonas Bacteremia Antibiotic Susceptibility and Prognostic Determinants: Mayo Clinic 10-Year Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M Hamdi ◽  
Madiha Fida ◽  
Omar M Abu Saleh ◽  
Elena Beam
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Common Source ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Population At Risk ◽  
The Past ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Risk Sources ◽  
Sources Of Infection ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Abstract Background Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a gram-negative, opportunistic infection that is usually hospital-acquired and associated with high morbidity and mortality. The reported increase in S. maltophilia infections is presumed to be due to an increase in the population at risk. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 10-year data for S. maltophilia bacteremia in hospitalized adults at our institution to determine the population at risk, sources of infection, common complications, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, and clinical outcome trends over the past decade. Results Among the 98 patients analyzed, the most common source of infection was catheter-related (62, 63.3%). Most isolates (61, 65%) were resistant to ceftazidime; fewer were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX; 2, 2.1%) and levofloxacin (22, 23.4%). All-cause in-hospital mortality was 29.6% (29 patients). The highest mortality, 53.8%, was observed in pulmonary sources of bacteremia. Conclusions Although TMP-SMX continues to have reliable activity in our cohort, we noted resistance to TMP-SMX in patients with recent TMP-SMX exposure, including a case with developing resistance to TMP-SMX while on therapy.

scholarly journals FAKTOR RESIKO YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN MALARIA DI PEKON WAY HALOM WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS KEDALOMAN KECAMATAN GUNUNG ALIP KABUPATEN TANGGAMUS

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Umi Romayati Keswara
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
Case Control ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Population Sampling

Malaria merupakan penyakit menular yang sangat dominan di daerah tropis dan sub-tropis dan dapat mematikan. Setidaknya 270 juta penduduk dunia menderita malaria dan lebih dari 2 miliar atau 42% penduduk bumi memiliki risiko terkena malaria. WHO mencatat setiap tahunnya tidak kurang dari 1 hingga 2 juta penduduk meninggal karena penyakit yang disebar luaskan nyamuk Anopheles (Fahmi, 2005). Berdasarkan Laporan Puskesmas Kedaloman, 2009, Kasus malaria klinis di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kedaloman pada 4 tahun terakhir terjadi peningkatan, dimana AMI 22,81 per 1000 penduduk tahun 2006 meningkat menjadi 22,91 per 1000 penduduk tahun 2007, dan meningkat lagi menjadi 27,01 tahun 2008, sedangkan pada tahun 2009 menjadi 29,42 per 1000 penduduk. Diketahui faktor-faktor resiko berpengaruh terhadap kejadian malaria di Pekon Way Halom Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kedaloman Kecamatan Gunung Alip Kabupaten Tanggamus Tahun 2010. Tujuan Penelitian diketahui faktor resiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian malaria. Studi menggunakan pendekatan case control. Dilaksanakan Desember 2010 di Pekon Way Halom Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kedaloman Kecamatan Gunung Alip Tanggamus. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 34 responden ditambah responden kontrol sebanyak 34 responden sehingga total responden penelitian sebanyak 68 responden dengan total population sampling. Pengambilan data wawancara dan observasi. Analisa data dengan Chi Square. Hasil Studi menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara penutup ventilasi (p value = 0.001), genangan air (p value=0.025), kebiasaan berada diluar rumah pada malam hari (p value=0.004) dan OR=5.01, kebiasaan menggunakan kelambu saat tidur (p value=0.00) dengan kejadian malaria. Berdasarkan hasil studi disarankan kepada masyarakat untuk menutup ventilasi, membersihkan genangan air, tidak keluar rumah pada malam hari dan menggunakan kelambu saat tidur.genangan air, kebiasaan keluar pada malam hari kebiasaan 

scholarly journals Hubungan Frekuensi Kunjungan Antenatal Care (ANC) dengan Kejadian Prematur

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Evi Esti Utami ◽  
Susi Ernawati ◽  
Winda Irwanti
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Perinatal Death ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Premature Baby ◽  
P Value ◽  
Statistic Analysis ◽  
Control Groups

<p>The cause of infant mortality is mostly due to perinatal matters. Almost 2-27% of all perinatal death is caused by prematurity with low birth weight (BBLR). Reducing mortality rate on perinatal can be achieved by observing all pregnant women and fi nding as well as addressing infl uenced factors of neonatal safety. This research aims to identify correlation between frequencies of Antenatal Care (ANC) with incidence of prematurity. This is an observational study with case-control design using retrospective approach. Total population was 1335 and of 156 was choosen as research respondents deviding into 78 as case respondents and 78 as control groups. The result of statistic analysis showed that p value=0,837 (p&gt;0,05) means frequencies of ANC did not have correlation with prematurity. Conclusion, (1) during the period of 1 January 2011 and 29 February 2012, it found 207 (8,13%) premature baby delivered, (2) at about 80,8% mother who delivered premature baby had normal ANC 4 times or more with the pattern 1-1-2 in every semester, (3) statistically ANC was not having correlation with premature baby.</p>

scholarly journals Sampling of elementary school playground equipment for total coliforms and E. coli

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Fowler ◽  
BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health ◽  
Vanessa Karakilic
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Contact Surfaces ◽  
Hand Contact

  Background and Purpose: Outbreaks of enteric diseases in schools and daycares are common. It is possible that these outbreaks could be propagated via fomites in school settings, such as playground equipment that is not regularly cleaned. Studies thus far have provided conflicting results on the level of contamination present on fomites in the school setting. This project is intended to assess the level of microbial contamination present on elementary school playground surfaces as a result of hand contact from school children. Methods: Two categories of elementary school playground equipment were sampled in this study; those that are likely to see regular hand contact from children and those that were not likely see hand regular hand contact from children. 30 surfaces of each category were swabbed and the media will be plated and incubated to enumerate total coliforms and E. coli. Results: The mean number of total coliforms on high hand contact surfaces was 0.2333 cfu/100cm2, while the mean number of total coliforms on low hand contact surfaces was 0.2667 cfu/100cm2. The t-test analysis of total coliform results produced a p-value of 0.5566. The mean number of E. coli on high hand contact surfaces was 1.1333 cfu/100cm2, while the mean number of E. coli on low hand contact surfaces was 4.9000 cfu/100cm2. The t-test analysis of E. coli results produced a p-value of 0.8019. Discussion: Neither results for total coliforms or E. coli indicated significantly different numbers on high or low hand contact surfaces. This indicates that these total coliform and E. coli may not be present as a result of hand contact. Conclusion: These results do not support the deposition of coliforms or E. coli on playground equipment as a result of hand contact. However, there is still concern due to the number of samples positive for E. coli. These results suggest the need for practices such as regular hand washing in the school setting after using the playground, regular cleaning of playground materials and EHO inspections of school grounds.  

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