scholarly journals Cattle as a possible source of verocytotoxin-producingEscherichia coliO157 infections in man

1993 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Chapman ◽  
C. A. Siddons ◽  
D. J. Wright ◽  
P. Norman ◽  
J. Fox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Rectal Swab ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Plasmid Content ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Rectal Swabs ◽  
Beef Products

SummaryIn May-June 1992 cases of infection with verocytotoxin-producing (VT+)Escherichia coliO157 in South Yorkshire could have been associated with prior consumption of beef from a local abattoir. During investigation of the abattoir, bovine rectal swabs and samples of meat and surface swabs from beef carcasses were examined forE. coliO157, isolates of which were tested for toxigenicity, plasmid content and phage type.E. coliO157 was isolated from 84 (4%) of 2103 bovine rectal swabs; of these 84, 78 (93%) were VT+, the most common phage types being 2 and 8, the types implicated in the cluster of human cases. Positive cattle were from diverse sources within England.E. coliO157 was isolated from 7 (30%) of 23 carcasses of rectal swab-positive cattle and from 2 (8%) of 25 carcasses of rectal swab-negative cattle. The study has shown that cattle may be a reservoir of VT+E. coliO157, and that contamination of carcasses during slaughter and processing may be how beef and beef products become contaminated and thereby transmit the organism to man.

scholarly journals Virulence Factors and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Escherichia coli Isolated from Nursery Piglets and Drinking Water

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Carolina Maciel Malgarin ◽  
Karine Ludwig Takeuti ◽  
Anne Caroline de Lara ◽  
David Emilio Santos Neves de Barcellos
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Rectal Swab ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rectal Swabs

Background: One of the most frequent health problems in the swine industry is the post-weaning diarrhea in nursery pigs, which leads to significant losses due to weight loss, dehydration, cost of medication and mortality. Escherichia coli  (E. coli) is one of the main bacterial agents of the post-weaning diarrhea. To investigate the possibility of enterotoxigenic  E. coli (ETEC) transmission through drinking water to nursery piglets, the objective of this study was to isolate, characterize by virulence factors, and compare the antimicrobial resistance profiles of E. coli from drinking water samples in nurseries and from rectal swabs of their piglets presenting post-weaning colibacillosis.Materials, Methods & Results: Fifteen rectal swabs from diarrheic piglets in their first three weeks after weaning and one water sample were collected from each of ten nurseries located in Rio Grande do Sul State, south of Brazil. After enrichment with a commercial broth medium, water samples were cultured in blood agar, as well as the rectal swab samples, and the characteristic colonies were identified by standard biochemical analysis. Following isolation and identification of E. coli, the colonies from water samples and their corresponding piglets’ samples were characterized by multiplex PCR in order to determine specific ETEC fimbria and toxin genes. Finally, all E. coli isolates were submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Virulence factors and antimicrobial sensitivity could then be compared between water and piglets’ samples. The difference in the antimicrobial resistance frequency for each of the sample groups were compared using the multi comparison test. E. coli was isolated in four out of the ten water samples, although none of the water samples presented ETEC virulence factors. From 60 rectal swab samples (15 from each of the four positive farms with E. coli isolated from water samples), 21 E. coli were isolated and seven demonstrated characteristic ETEC virulence factors. The fimbriae exhibited in higher frequency were F18 (62.5%) and F4 (25%) and the toxins were STb (100%) and STaP (75%). E. coli isolated from water samples presented higher resistance to the antimicrobials apramycin, florfenicol, lincomycin, lincomycin+spectinomycin, oxytetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim; it did not present resistance to colistin and fosfomycin. The seven ETEC from rectal swab samples presented a higher resistance to lincomycin, and lower resistance frequency to fosfomycin. The other 14 E. coli non-ETEC from rectal swab samples presented a higher resistance to florfenicol and no resistance to colistin.Discussion: Enterotoxigenic E. coli is an important agent causing post-weaning colibacillosis, although, differently from other studies, this experiment did not find the agent in most of the sampled animals. In contrast to other authors, ETEC was not found in water, as the development of its virulence factors may depend on conditions presented exclusively in the animal. By the results we can conclude that, although E. coli was isolated from the drinking water, it was not a significant mechanism for nursery piglets’ infection with ETEC in this experiment. The samples analyzed presented a wide range of resistance to different antimicrobials, including multi-resistance. In some cases, E. coli found in water presented different antimicrobial profile from the bacterium found in the rectal swab samples. Enterotoxigenic E. coli was susceptible to fosfomycin and its use may represent a prudent antimicrobial choice to the swine industry.

scholarly journals RESISTANCE OF Escherichia coli FROM RECTAL SWAB CULTURE IN HEMATO-ONCOLOGY WARDS, DR. SOETOMO HOSPITAL, SURABAYA

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Rahmi Rusanti ◽  
IGAA Putri Sri Rejeki
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Rectal Swab ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Rectal Swabs ◽  
Infection Resistance ◽  
Common Etiology ◽  
Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria

Malignant hematology patients in the hospital are particularly susceptible to infection associated with endogenous microorganism originating from their own body. The most common etiology of infection is bacteria from gastrointestinal tract. Escherichia coli is a gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacteria, and part of the intestinal normal flora. However, E. coli is the most common cause of nosocomial infection. Resistance of E. coli to antibiotics has been widely reported. The aim of this study was to identify the development of antibiotic resistant properties of Escherichia coli from rectal swab of malignant hematology pediatric patients. A descriptive study of collected secondary data on sensitivity test results was done in the hematology-oncology pediatric ward, Dr. Soetomo Hospital from October 2012 to March 2013. There were 20 results of antibiotic susceptibility testing on positive Escherichia coli cultures from rectal swabs. The highest resistance levels were found towards cotrimoxazol, ampicillin sulbactam and cefotaxime. Escherichia coli with extended-spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL) was also found. Escherichia coli from rectal swabs of malignant hematology pediatric patients were shown to be resistant to cotrimoxazol, ampicillin sulbactam and ampicillin.

scholarly journals Extended phage-typing scheme forEscherichia coli0157:H7

1990 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Khakhria ◽  
D. Duck ◽  
H. Lior
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Typing Scheme ◽  
Haemorrhagic Colitis ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Food Borne

SUMMARYIn Canada, the number of human isolates of verotoxigenic (VT +ve)Escherichia coli0157:H7 from diarrhoeal cases and haemolytic uraemic syndrome and haemorrhagic colitis has increased from 25 in 1982 to 2384 in 1989. A total of 3273 VT + veE. coli0157:H7 strains (3255 strains isolated in Canada and 18 isolates from other countries) were phage typed. The phage typing scheme has been extended from 14 to 62 phage types. Of these, five types occurred exclusively in other countries (type 47 in Japan; and types 49, 50, 51 and 52 in the U.K.). Thirty-five different phage types were identified in Canada; only nine of these (1, 2, 4, 8, 14, 21, 23, 31 and 32), each accounted for more than 1 % of the cases from human sources. The same nine types were the only ones observed among the isolates from non-human sources (meat and slaughter houses) suggesting a food-borne transmission in most of the human cases. Phage types 1 (30·5%); 4 (21%); 8 (13·5%); 31 (8·9%) and 14 (8%) were encountered in varying frequencies in most of the provinces; infrequently occurring phage types also showed regional variation. Thirteen different phage types were identified among 151 outbreaks representing 556 isolates ofE. coli0157:H7. More than one phage type were encountered in 12 outbreaks whereas in 141 outbreaks, all strains in each, had the same phage type.

scholarly journals A fifteen month study of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a dairy herd

1997 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. MECHIE ◽  
P. A. CHAPMAN ◽  
C. A. SIDDONS
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Rectal Swabs

A dairy herd associated with Escherichia coli O157 infection in humans was studied for the 15 months following the outbreak to examine seasonal, age and management factors affecting faecal excretion of the organism and to determine the mode and frequency of milk contamination with the organism. Between May 1993 and July 1994, 28 visits were made to the farm to collect a total of 3593 rectal swabs from cows, heifers and calves and 329 milk samples. E. coli O157:H7 was isolated from 153 (4·3%) of 3593 bovine rectal swabs. The maximum prevalence at any one visit was 14% in lactating cows, 40% in non-lactating cows, 56% in calves and 68% in heifers. The prevalence in lactating cows, which was significantly lower than in the other groups, peaked during May–July 1993 and again briefly after the cattle were housed during November 1993 and then again during May 1994. Excretion rates of E. coli O157:H7 in lactating cows were highest during the first month after calving, falling during lactation and rising to another peak at 7 months postpartum. Between November 1993 and May 1994 there was no evidence of excretion in any group. Eighty-seven (74%) of the animals which excreted E. coli O157:H7 did so on only one occasion but 23 (32%) of 73 cows and heifers and 7 (16%) of 44 calves which excreted the organism did so on more than one occasion. E. coli O157:H7 was not isolated from milk taken from the bulk tank but it was isolated from individual milk samples (one milk jar and one fore-milk) from two animals previously shown to be faecal excretors of the organism. All isolates of E. coli O157:H7 obtained were of the same phage type, toxin genotype and plasmid profile.

scholarly journals Phage-typing of Vero-cytotoxin (VT) producingEscherichia coliO157 isolated in the United Kingdom

1989 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Frost ◽  
H. R. Smith ◽  
G. A. Willshaw ◽  
S. M. Scotland ◽  
R. J. Gross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
The Uk

SUMMARYVero-cytotoxin (VT) producingEscherichia coliserogroup O157 have been isolated from patients with diarrhoea, haemorrhagic colitis (HC) and haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS). A phage-typing scheme developed in Canada has been used to type 155 VT+E. coliO157 serogroup isolated from sporadic infections in the UK since 1983, and 48 strains from HC or HUS outbreaks. Twelve phage types were identified of which three, types 49, 51 and 52, have not been found in North America. All strains carried a 60 × 10 plasmid and most VT1+VT2+ strains also had a 5 × 10 plasmid coding for colicin D production. The majority of strains producing both VT1 and VT2 belonged to phage type 1, or the related types 4, 8 and 14. Most strains producing only VT2 belonged to types 2 or 49. Four outbreaks were included in the survey. Three had strains of a single phage type while strains from the fourth outbreak were more variable. The distribution of phage types throughout the UK showed no marked geographical variations.

scholarly journals Genotypic and Phenotypic Traits That Distinguish Neonatal Meningitis-Associated Escherichia coli from Fecal E. coli Isolates of Healthy Human Hosts

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (16) ◽  
pp. 5824-5830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Logue ◽  
Curt Doetkott ◽  
Paul Mangiamele ◽  
Yvonne M. Wannemuehler ◽  
Timothy J. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Phylogenetic Group ◽  
Neonatal Meningitis ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Plasmid Content ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Definition Of

ABSTRACTNeonatal meningitisEscherichia coli(NMEC) is one of the top causes of neonatal meningitis worldwide. Here, 85 NMEC and 204 fecalE. coliisolates from healthy humans (HFEC) were compared for possession of traits related to virulence, antimicrobial resistance, and plasmid content. This comparison was done to identify traits that typify NMEC and distinguish it from commensal strains to refine the definition of the NMEC subpathotype, identify traits that might contribute to NMEC pathogenesis, and facilitate choices of NMEC strains for future study. A large number ofE. colistrains from both groups were untypeable, with the most common serogroups occurring among NMEC being O18, followed by O83, O7, O12, and O1. NMEC strains were more likely than HFEC strains to be assigned to the B2 phylogenetic group. Few NMEC or HFEC strains were resistant to antimicrobials. Genes that best discriminated between NMEC and HFEC strains and that were present in more than 50% of NMEC isolates were mainly from extraintestinal pathogenicE. coligenomic and plasmid pathogenicity islands. Several of these defining traits had not previously been associated with NMEC pathogenesis, are of unknown function, and are plasmid located. Several genes that had been previously associated with NMEC virulence did not dominate among the NMEC isolates. These data suggest that there is much about NMEC virulence that is unknown and that there are pitfalls to studying single NMEC isolates to represent the entire subpathotype.

Thermal Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157: H7, Salmonella senftenberg, and Enzymes with Potential as Time-Temperature Indicators in Ground Beef

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 471-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALICIA ORTA-RAMIREZ ◽  
JAMES F. PRICE ◽  
YIH-CHIH HSU ◽  
GIRIDARAN J. VEERAMUTHU ◽  
JAMIE S. CHERRY-MERRITT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Triose Phosphate ◽  
Beef Products ◽  
Z Value ◽  
D Values ◽  
Salmonella Senftenberg

The USDA has established processing schedules for beef products based on the destruction of pathogens. Several enzymes have been suggested as potential indicators of heat processing. However, no relationship between the inactivation rates of these enzymes and those of pathogenic microorganisms has been determined. Our objective was to compare the thermal inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella senftenberg to those of endogenous muscle proteins. Inoculated and noninoculated ground beef samples were heated at four temperatures for predetermined intervals of time in thermal-death-time studies. Bacterial counts were determined and enzymes were assayed for residual activity. The D values for E. coli O157:H7 were 46.10, 6.44, 0.43, and 0.12 min at 53, 58, 63, and 68°C, respectively, with a z value of 5.60°C. The D values for S. senftenberg were 53.00, 15.17, 2.08, and 0.22 min at 53, 58, 63, and 68°C, respectively, with a z value of 6.24°C. Apparent D values at 53, 58, 63, and 68°C were 352.93, 26.31, 5.56, and 3.33 min for acid phosphatase; 6968.64, 543.48, 19.61, and 1.40 min for lactate dehydrogenase; and 3870.97, 2678.59, 769.23, and 42.92 min for peroxidase; with z values of 7.41,3.99, and 7.80°C, respectively. Apparent D values at 53, 58, 63, and 66°C were 325.03, 60.07, 3.07, and 1.34 min for phosphoglycerate mutase; 606.72, 89.86, 4.40, and 1.28 min for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; and 153.06, 20.13, 2.25, and 0.74 min for triose phosphate isomerase; with z values of 5.18, 4.71, and 5.56°C, respectively. The temperature dependence of triose phosphate isomerase was similar to those of both E. coli O157 :H7 and S. senftenberg, suggesting that this enzyme could be used as an endogenous time-temperature indicator in beef products.

EPIDEMIC DIARRHEA AMONG INFANTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ISOLATION OF A NEW SEROTYPE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI: E. COLI 0127:B8

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-227
Author(s):  
Merlin L. Cooper ◽  
Edward W. Walters ◽  
Helen M. Keller ◽  
James M. Sutherland ◽  
Hollis J. Wiseman
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Rectal Swab ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
First Year ◽  
Average Dose ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
First Year Of Life

During an outbreak of epidemic diarrhea a new serotype of Escherichia coli: E. coli 0127:B8, was isolated from 44 of 145 infants and from 1 nurse among 82 adult personnel in attendance. Among the 44 infants whose rectal swab cultures were positive, 20 were in the first month of life, 16 were 2 to 6 months of age, and 6 were 7 to 12 months of age, a total of 42 being in the first year of life. Severe epidemic diarrhea associated with the presence of E. coli 0127:B8 was characterized by the sudden development of extreme abdominal distention among some of the infants; explosive onset of diarrhea and the presence of a pungent, musty, objectionable odor not noticed around other patients with diarrhea. E. coli 0127: B8 was isolated more frequently while the patients were having diarrhea. Neomycin® was used orally for the specific treatment of patients with diarrhea. The early dosage was small due to our caution in using a new antibiotic. Over the 4 months period of this study the dosage was gradually increased. The average dose was 40 mg./kg./day for the patients with positive cultures and 46 mg./kg./day for those with negative cultures. Of 22 patients with positive cultures, 12 who were treated with Neomycin® alone or in addition to other antibiotics continued to show the presence of E. coli 0127:B8 after Neomycin® therapy had been terminated; however, only 2 of these patients had recurrence of diarrhea, both having had negative cultures while receiving Neomycin®. The administration of Neomycin® to every infant on the 2 wards, regardless of clinical condition, was followed by a decreasing incidence of diarrhea and decreasing detection of E. coli 0127:B8. The dose of Neomycin® was 40 to 50 mg./kg./day. It is our feeling that Neomycin® administered orally was of definite clinical value therapeutically and prophylactically but in the dosage used was inadequate bacteriologically. Four deaths occurred among the 44 infants whose rectal swab cultures were positive for E. coli 0127:B8 and necropsy studies were made on each. A hemorrhagic enteritis was present in 3 infants and in the fourth infant the cause of death was a congenital heart condition. Death of 1 patient with negative rectal swab cultures may very likely be attributed to severe diarrhea. Sera from patients and personnel failed to show the presence of agglutinins for E. coli 0127:B8. in vitro sensitivity tests showed that the order of decreasing bactericidal effectiveness of 5 antibiotics for E. coli 027:B8 was polymyxin, Neomycin®, chloramphenicol, Achromycin®, and Terramycin®. All strains were resistant to dihydrostreptomycin and sodium sulfadiazine. Only the last strains isolated from 2 patients showed increased resistance to Neomycin®, four-and sixteenfold when compared with the first strains isolated from the same patients.

Comparison of Rapid Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Immunomagnetic Separation Methods for Detection of Escherichia coli O157 in Fecal, Hide, Carcass, and Ground Beef Samples

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 2230-2234 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. THOMPSON ◽  
T. P. STEPHENS ◽  
G. H. LONERAGAN ◽  
M. F. MILLER ◽  
M. M. BRASHEARS
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Immunomagnetic Separation ◽  
Separation Method ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Perfect Agreement ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beef Products

Rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are approved for detection of Escherichia coli O157 in beef products. However, these kits have also been used in the industry to detect this pathogen on hides or in feces of cattle, although this use has not been validated. The objective of this study was to compare commercially available ELISAs (E. coli Now, Reveal, and VIP) with immunomagnetic separation along with selective media to detect E. coli O157 on hides, in feces, and in medium- and low-level-inoculated ground beef and carcasses (simulated by using briskets) samples. Naturally infected hide and fecal samples were subjected to both the immunomagnetic separation method and ELISAs for the detection of E. coli O157. Additionally, E. coli O157 inoculated and noninoculated ground beef and beef briskets were used to simulate meat and carcass samples. When comparing the detection results from the ELISAs (E. coli Now, Reveal, and VIP) to the immunomagnetic separation method, poor agreement was observed for fecal samples (kappa = 0.10, 0.02, and 0.03 for E. coli Now, Reveal, and VIP, respectively), and fair-to-moderate agreement was observed for hide samples (kappa = 0.30, 0.51, and 0.29 for E. coli Now, Reveal, and VIP, respectively). However, there was near-perfect agreement between the immunomagnetic separation method and ELISAs for ground beef (kappa = 1, 1, and 0.80 for E. coli Now, Reveal, and VIP, respectively) and brisket (kappa = 1, 1, and 1 for E. coli Now, Reveal, and VIP, respectively) samples. Assuming immunomagnetic separation is the best available method, these data suggest that the ELISAs are not useful in detecting E. coli O157 from hide or fecal samples. However, when ELISAs are used on ground beef and beef brisket samples they can be used with a high degree of confidence.

Hygienic Effects of Trimming and Washing Operations in a Beef-Carcass-Dressing Process†

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 666-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. O. GILL ◽  
M. BADONI ◽  
T. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Single Sample ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
The Mean

Swab samples were obtained from the surfaces of randomly selected beef carcasses passing through a high-speed dressing process. A single sample was obtained from a randomly selected site on the surface of each selected carcass. Fifty such samples were collected at each of four stages in the process. The aerobic bacteria, coliforms, and Escherichia coli recovered from each sample were enumerated. Values for the mean log units and standard deviations of each set of 50 log values were calculated on the assumption that the log values were normally distributed. The log of the arithmetic mean was estimated from the mean log and standard deviation values for each set. The results show that the average numbers of E. coli, coliforms, and aerobic bacteria which are deposited on carcasses during skinning and evisceration are not reduced by trimming, and that washing approximately halves the average numbers of those bacteria on carcasses. It is concluded that commercial trimming and washing operations are not effective means of decontaminating beef carcasses.

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