scholarly journals Enzyme immunoassay for urogenital trichomoniasis as a marker of unsafe sexual behaviour

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. MASON ◽  
S. GREGSON ◽  
L. GWANZURA ◽  
P. CAPPUCCINELLI ◽  
P. RAPELLI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
High Risk Women ◽  
Culture Negative

Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was used to detect antibodies to Trichomonas vaginalis in sera from Zimbabwe. The EIA showed a sensitivity of 95 and 94% when compared with vaginal swab culture among women attending a family planning clinic (FPC) and female commercial sex workers (CSW) respectively. The specificity was 85 and 77% in the two groups. Culture-negative FPC women were sub-divided into high risk or low risk of exposure to trichomoniasis. The seroprevalence was 10% (6/61) among low risk women, 21% (10/48) among high risk women and 23% (9/39) among culture negative CSW. The EIA was positive in 46% (18/39) men with genital discharge but only 5% (2/37) healthy blood donors. None of 31 sera from prepubescent children was positive. The EIA may be useful for community surveys of trichomoniasis. Because T. vaginalis is a common sexually transmitted disease, the test may indicate behaviour that increases the risk of STD transmission.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalisInfection by PCR Using Vaginal Swab Samples

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 3205-3210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Madico ◽  
Thomas C. Quinn ◽  
Anne Rompalo ◽  
Kelly T. McKee ◽  
Charlotte A. Gaydos
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Analytical Sensitivity ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Tubulin Genes ◽  
Joint Strategy ◽  
Culture Positive

Trichomonas vaginalis infection is the most prevalent nonviral sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the world. A PCR test using vaginal swab samples for the detection of T. vaginalis was developed to add T. vaginalis infection to the growing list of STDs that can be detected by DNA amplification techniques. A primer set, BTUB 9/2, was designed to target a well-conserved region in the beta-tubulin genes of T. vaginalis. All strains (15 of 15) of T. vaginalistested were successfully detected by PCR giving a single predicted product of 112 bp in gel electrophoresis. No such targeted product was amplified with DNA from Trichomonas tenax,Trichomonas gallinae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Giardia lamblia, Chilomastix sulcatus, Dientamoeba fragilis, and Entamoeba histolytica. An optimal analytical sensitivity of one T. vaginalis organism per PCR was achieved. Culture, performed with the Inpouch TV culture system, was examined daily with a light microscope to identify T. vaginalis. Twenty-three of 350 (6.6%) vaginal swab samples from women attending an army medical clinic were culture positive forT. vaginalis. Of these culture positive specimens, PCR detected 22 of 23 (96%) with primer set BTUB 9/2, and wet preparation detected only 12 of 23 (52%). Seventeen specimens were BTUB 9/2-PCR positive and culture negative. Ten of these discordant specimens were determined to be as true positive by PCR using primer sets TVA 5-1/6 and/or AP65 A/B, which target different regions in theT. vaginalis genome, and seven were determined to be false positive. The sensitivity of BTUB 9/2-PCR was 97% and the specificity was 98%. The sensitivities of culture and wet preparation were 70 and 36%, respectively. The diagnosis of T. vaginalis infection by PCR is a sensitive and specific method that could be incorporated into a joint strategy for the screening of multiple STDs by using molecular amplification methods.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI DAN UJI SENSITIVITAS BAKTERI Neisseria gonorrhoeae TERHADAP ANTIBIOTIK SEFIKSIM PADA PEKERJA SEKS KOMERSIAL DI PUSKESMAS II DENPASAR SELATAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Burhannuddin Burhannuddin
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Sensitivity Test ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Oxidase Test ◽  
Cultured Bacteria

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Gonorrhea infection varies greatly in the community, especially in sexually active women. Infection cases in women are often asymptomatic, that can causes complication can easily occur. The aims of this study are to identify and determine sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria against cefixime antibiotics. This study was using a descriptive method and used 30 samples. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was isolatd from the vaginal swab sample of Commercial Sex Workers at Puskesmas II Denpasar Selatan. The cultured bacteria on Thayer Martin media were then identified by gram staining, oxidase test, and catalase test. Neisseria gonorrhoeae sensitivity test against cefixime was performed by disc diffusion method. The results of identification showed that 6 (20 %) of 30 samples were Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria with cell characteristics in the form of diplococcus, gram-negative, oxidase and catalase positive. The results of the sensitivity test showed that all isolats of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were resistant to cefixime 

scholarly journals Detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in Vaginal Swab Clinical Samples from Palestinian Women by Culture

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmeen Houso ◽  
Mohammad A. Farraj ◽  
As'ad Ramlawi ◽  
Tamer Essawi
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Specimen Collection ◽  
Health Organization

Background. Trichomoniasis is a common sexually transmitted disease caused by Trichomonas vaginalis. It is a major health problem worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that 180 million infections are acquired annually worldwide. Methodology. Vaginal swabs (1207) were cultured for T. vaginalis on Trichomonas Medium no. 2 (Oxoid) soon after specimen collection. The cultures were examined daily using a light microscope to detect the presence of T. vaginalis. Results. The prevalence of T. vaginalis was 13.6% (164/1207). The infection rate was the highest during pregnancy, 28.1%, and the lowest among women whose spouses use condoms, 8.6%. Conclusions. The culture method was used in this study to accurately determine the prevalence of this parasite in the West Bank, Palestine. The results of the study will eliminate ambiguities concerning trichomoniasis in this country and will contribute to better management and proper treatment.

Evaluation of a modified enzyme immunoassay for Neisseria gonorrhoeae in high- and low-risk females

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 893-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Skeels ◽  
Bessie Matsuda ◽  
Henry Horton ◽  
James Sampson ◽  
Gary A. Sawyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Disease ◽  
False Positive ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Disease Clinic ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic

A recently modified commercial enzyme immunoassay (Gonozyme; Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL) for Neisseria gonorrhoeae antigens was compared with bacteriological culture for diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value. A total of 480 specimens were tested by both methods; 355 from females attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic ("high-risk") and 125 from female Family Planning clients ("low-risk"). Sensitivity and specificity of enzyme immunoassay for sexually transmitted disease clinic specimens were 79.7 and 97.9%, respectively (55 positive, 280 negative, 6 false positive, 14 false negative). In the low-risk population, sensitivity and specificity were 100 and 97.5%, respectively (3 positive, 119 negative, 3 false positive, 0 false negative). Despite modification, sensitivity of the method remains low for our sexually transmitted disease clinic population, but the test may have applicability for preliminary screening in low-prevalence settings.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Hepatitis C Infection Among Sexually Transmitted Disease-Infected, Inner City Obstetric Patients

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youyin Choy ◽  
Lisa Gittens-Williams ◽  
Joseph Apuzzio ◽  
Joan Skurnick ◽  
Carl Zollicoffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
High Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

Objective:To test the hypothesis that our inner city obstetric patients who have been infected with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) will have a higher prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection than the general population and to identify specific risk factors and high-risk groups.Methods:All patients in our prenatal clinic (July 1997–April 1999) who tested positive for one or more STDs were asked to return for hepatitis C antibody testing. Medical charts of all patients who returned for hepatitis C testing were reviewed.Results:A total of 106 patients with STDs were tested for hepatitis C. Positive screening tests for anti-hepatitis C antibody were found in 6.6% (7/106) of the patients (95% CI = 2.7–13.1%). This frequency is significantly higher than the hepatitis C prevalence (1.8%) in the general United States population (p= 0.006). Multiple logistic regression analysis confirmed only older age (p= 0.016) and positive HIV status (p= 0.023) to be significant predictors of hepatitis C infection.Conclusions:Inner city STD-infected obstetric patients are at high risk for hepatitis C infection compared with the general population. Increasing age and HIV-positive status are risk factors which are significantly associated with hepatitis C infection.

Co-infection with genital gonorrhoea and genital chlamydia in female sex workers in Yunnan, China

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 329-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Sheng Chen ◽  
Yue-Ping Yin ◽  
Guo-Jun Liang ◽  
Xiang-Dong Gong ◽  
Hua-Sheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Gonococcal Infection ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Control Programmes

An observational study on prevalence of co-infection with gonorrhoea and chlamydia was conducted among female sex workers (FSWs) in Kunming, China. A total of 505 FSWs participated in the study. All eligible participants gave informed consent. Demographic, behavioural and clinical information of the participants was gathered by direct structured interviews. Tampon swabs were collected to test for Chlamydia trachomatis and Nesseria gonorrhoeae. One-hundred and twenty-four (24.6%) FSWs were co-infected with these two pathogens. Of the 191 FSWs with gonorrhea, 124 (64.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 57.9–71.3%) were co-infected with chlamydia which was significantly higher than the proportion (41.9%, 95% CI = 36.4–47.6%) co-infected with gonorrhoea among 296 FSWs with chlamydia ( P < 0.001). Only 47 of 191 (24.6%) FSWs with gonococcal infection and 28 of 124 (22.6%) with co-infection with gonorrhoea and chlamydia reported vaginal discharge. The results of the study justify the recommendation in the national sexually transmitted disease (STD) guidelines that patients infected with gonorrhoea also be treated routinely with an anti-chlamydial regimen. However, a periodic mass treatment may be considered in some circumstances in STD control programmes to rapidly reduce the infections in this population.

A Review on Herbal Treatments for Trichomonas Vaginalis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Rahmani ◽  
Yahya Ehteshaminia ◽  
Hamid Mohammadi ◽  
Seif Ali Mahdavi
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Patient Acceptance ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Introduction: Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite that infects the urogenital tract of men and women and causes trichomoniasis, a common sexually transmitted disease in both men and women. The infection is often asymptomatic, but it can be accompanied by symptoms such as severe inflammation, itching and burning, foamy discharge and foul-smelling mucus. In one year, 250 million cases of Trichomonas vaginalis were reported worldwide. Material and Methods: In this study, the websites of PubMed, Google Scholar, SID, and Margiran were searched and related articles were reviewed.    Results: Today, the most common treatment for this disease is the use of metronidazole. However, its side effects, which include hematological and neurotoxic effects, cannot be ignored. Because of these side effects, researchers are looking for a suitable replacement for metronidazole in the treatment of trichomoniasis. Researchers' desire to use  herbs can be due to various reasons such as fewer side effects, better patient acceptance, recommendation of traditional medicine, lower prices of herbs and also compatibility with the normal physiological function of the human body. Conclusion: Considering the inhibitory effects of medicinal plants on the growth and proliferation of Trichomonas vaginalis in vitro, it can be concluded that the use of these plants can have many applications in the treatment of trichomoniasis. As a result, by studying more about their advantages and disadvantages, it is possible to make a drug that has higher therapeutic effects with fewer side effects.

scholarly journals Compliance and Treatment Outcomes of Various Regimens for Trichomoniasis in Trinidad and Tobago

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Divakaruni ◽  
Mahabir ◽  
Orrett ◽  
Adidam ◽  
Venkata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Compliance To Treatment ◽  
Health Organization

Trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease (STD) globally and yet is not a reportable disease. Trichomonas vaginalis is an important source of reproductive morbidity and may increase risk of acquisition and transmission of human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV). The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Control Disease Center (CDC) recommend various regimens of nitroimidazole s for treatment. The common nitroimidazoles used for trichomoniasis are metronidazole and tinidazole, which vary in their cost, efficacy, and side effect profile. It is relevant to study these factors for better management of the patients. This study aimed to compare and study the efficacy, compliance of various treatment regimens, their outcomes, and side-effects for trichomoniasis, among STI clinic attendees in Trinidad. A clinical trial study was designed, and after obtaining the informed consent, a routine clinical examination was conducted and the swabs for trichomoniasis tests were collected for diagnosis from the 692 participants. Out of 692 participants, 82 patients with positive diagnosis of Trichomonas infection were treated according to the patient’s choice, using different drug regimens. Compliance to treatment, side effects, and outcome were evaluated. The prevalence of trichomoniasis in the population attending our STI clinic is 11.9% and prevalence of HIV is 9%. Of the total 82 participants for the treatment, 80% were females; nearly 90% of the patients belonged to age group 15–45 years, and over 60% were below 30 years. Among those diagnosed for Trichomonas vaginalis, 14.6% had coexistent HIV infection. The compliance with respect to single dose treatment was significantly better than the long-duration oral regimen and has a significant relation with side effects of the treatment. The outcome is generally better and comparable and shows no significant difference between different treatment regimens used in the study. Metronidazole and tinidazole are commonly used drugs in various regimens. Compliance is better with those treated with tinidazole and metronidazole single dose than with other groups. Outcome is comparable between these regimens, especially when combined with other important factors like abstinence and treatment of the partners. The treatment regimens mainly differed in the compliance side effects profile and duration of therapy, which suggests that to improve the compliance of the drugs with fewer side effects, short course regimen would be a preferred choice.

Zinc-clotrimazole complexes are effective against Trichomonas vaginalis

Parasitology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 146 (9) ◽  
pp. 1206-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Midlej ◽  
Felipe Rubim ◽  
Wilmer Villarreal ◽  
Érica S. Martins-Duarte ◽  
Maribel Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Parasite Resistance ◽  
Zinc Compounds ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Zinc Salts ◽  
Imidazole Compounds

AbstractTrichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite that causes trichomoniasis in humans, the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted disease (STD). Imidazole compounds are used for the treatment of trichomoniasis, and metronidazole is the most commonly prescribed. However, these compounds can lead to parasite resistance and unwanted side effects. Therefore, there is a need for an alternative treatment for this disease. Here, we explored the potential of clotrimazole (CTZ) and zinc compounds, as well as CTZ complexed with zinc salts ([1] acetate [Zn(CTZ)2(Ac)2] and [2] a chloride [Zn(CTZ)2Cl2] complexes) against T. vaginalis. We synthesized the zinc complexed CTZ compounds and determined their concentration values that inhibited parasite growth by 50% (IC50). We used scanning and transmission electron microscopy to visualize the ultrastructural alterations induced by CTZ and their zinc complexes. The incubation of the parasites with [Zn(CTZ)2(Ac)2] complex inhibited their growth, yielding an IC50 of 4.9 µm. Moreover, there were changes in the shape of treated parasites, including the formation of surface projections that subsequently detached from the cell, in addition to changes in the hydrogenosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex. We found [Zn(CTZ)2(Ac)2] to be a highly effective compound against T. vaginalis in vitro, suggesting its potential utility as an alternative chemotherapy for trichomoniasis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document