scholarly journals Detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in Vaginal Swab Clinical Samples from Palestinian Women by Culture

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmeen Houso ◽  
Mohammad A. Farraj ◽  
As'ad Ramlawi ◽  
Tamer Essawi
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Specimen Collection ◽  
Health Organization

Background. Trichomoniasis is a common sexually transmitted disease caused by Trichomonas vaginalis. It is a major health problem worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that 180 million infections are acquired annually worldwide. Methodology. Vaginal swabs (1207) were cultured for T. vaginalis on Trichomonas Medium no. 2 (Oxoid) soon after specimen collection. The cultures were examined daily using a light microscope to detect the presence of T. vaginalis. Results. The prevalence of T. vaginalis was 13.6% (164/1207). The infection rate was the highest during pregnancy, 28.1%, and the lowest among women whose spouses use condoms, 8.6%. Conclusions. The culture method was used in this study to accurately determine the prevalence of this parasite in the West Bank, Palestine. The results of the study will eliminate ambiguities concerning trichomoniasis in this country and will contribute to better management and proper treatment.

scholarly journals Compliance and Treatment Outcomes of Various Regimens for Trichomoniasis in Trinidad and Tobago

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Divakaruni ◽  
Mahabir ◽  
Orrett ◽  
Adidam ◽  
Venkata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Compliance To Treatment ◽  
Health Organization

Trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease (STD) globally and yet is not a reportable disease. Trichomonas vaginalis is an important source of reproductive morbidity and may increase risk of acquisition and transmission of human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV). The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Control Disease Center (CDC) recommend various regimens of nitroimidazole s for treatment. The common nitroimidazoles used for trichomoniasis are metronidazole and tinidazole, which vary in their cost, efficacy, and side effect profile. It is relevant to study these factors for better management of the patients. This study aimed to compare and study the efficacy, compliance of various treatment regimens, their outcomes, and side-effects for trichomoniasis, among STI clinic attendees in Trinidad. A clinical trial study was designed, and after obtaining the informed consent, a routine clinical examination was conducted and the swabs for trichomoniasis tests were collected for diagnosis from the 692 participants. Out of 692 participants, 82 patients with positive diagnosis of Trichomonas infection were treated according to the patient’s choice, using different drug regimens. Compliance to treatment, side effects, and outcome were evaluated. The prevalence of trichomoniasis in the population attending our STI clinic is 11.9% and prevalence of HIV is 9%. Of the total 82 participants for the treatment, 80% were females; nearly 90% of the patients belonged to age group 15–45 years, and over 60% were below 30 years. Among those diagnosed for Trichomonas vaginalis, 14.6% had coexistent HIV infection. The compliance with respect to single dose treatment was significantly better than the long-duration oral regimen and has a significant relation with side effects of the treatment. The outcome is generally better and comparable and shows no significant difference between different treatment regimens used in the study. Metronidazole and tinidazole are commonly used drugs in various regimens. Compliance is better with those treated with tinidazole and metronidazole single dose than with other groups. Outcome is comparable between these regimens, especially when combined with other important factors like abstinence and treatment of the partners. The treatment regimens mainly differed in the compliance side effects profile and duration of therapy, which suggests that to improve the compliance of the drugs with fewer side effects, short course regimen would be a preferred choice.

scholarly journals Enzyme immunoassay for urogenital trichomoniasis as a marker of unsafe sexual behaviour

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. MASON ◽  
S. GREGSON ◽  
L. GWANZURA ◽  
P. CAPPUCCINELLI ◽  
P. RAPELLI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
High Risk Women ◽  
Culture Negative

Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was used to detect antibodies to Trichomonas vaginalis in sera from Zimbabwe. The EIA showed a sensitivity of 95 and 94% when compared with vaginal swab culture among women attending a family planning clinic (FPC) and female commercial sex workers (CSW) respectively. The specificity was 85 and 77% in the two groups. Culture-negative FPC women were sub-divided into high risk or low risk of exposure to trichomoniasis. The seroprevalence was 10% (6/61) among low risk women, 21% (10/48) among high risk women and 23% (9/39) among culture negative CSW. The EIA was positive in 46% (18/39) men with genital discharge but only 5% (2/37) healthy blood donors. None of 31 sera from prepubescent children was positive. The EIA may be useful for community surveys of trichomoniasis. Because T. vaginalis is a common sexually transmitted disease, the test may indicate behaviour that increases the risk of STD transmission.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalisInfection by PCR Using Vaginal Swab Samples

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 3205-3210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Madico ◽  
Thomas C. Quinn ◽  
Anne Rompalo ◽  
Kelly T. McKee ◽  
Charlotte A. Gaydos
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Analytical Sensitivity ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Tubulin Genes ◽  
Joint Strategy ◽  
Culture Positive

Trichomonas vaginalis infection is the most prevalent nonviral sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the world. A PCR test using vaginal swab samples for the detection of T. vaginalis was developed to add T. vaginalis infection to the growing list of STDs that can be detected by DNA amplification techniques. A primer set, BTUB 9/2, was designed to target a well-conserved region in the beta-tubulin genes of T. vaginalis. All strains (15 of 15) of T. vaginalistested were successfully detected by PCR giving a single predicted product of 112 bp in gel electrophoresis. No such targeted product was amplified with DNA from Trichomonas tenax,Trichomonas gallinae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Giardia lamblia, Chilomastix sulcatus, Dientamoeba fragilis, and Entamoeba histolytica. An optimal analytical sensitivity of one T. vaginalis organism per PCR was achieved. Culture, performed with the Inpouch TV culture system, was examined daily with a light microscope to identify T. vaginalis. Twenty-three of 350 (6.6%) vaginal swab samples from women attending an army medical clinic were culture positive forT. vaginalis. Of these culture positive specimens, PCR detected 22 of 23 (96%) with primer set BTUB 9/2, and wet preparation detected only 12 of 23 (52%). Seventeen specimens were BTUB 9/2-PCR positive and culture negative. Ten of these discordant specimens were determined to be as true positive by PCR using primer sets TVA 5-1/6 and/or AP65 A/B, which target different regions in theT. vaginalis genome, and seven were determined to be false positive. The sensitivity of BTUB 9/2-PCR was 97% and the specificity was 98%. The sensitivities of culture and wet preparation were 70 and 36%, respectively. The diagnosis of T. vaginalis infection by PCR is a sensitive and specific method that could be incorporated into a joint strategy for the screening of multiple STDs by using molecular amplification methods.

scholarly journals Development and evaluation of a Point-of-Care Test (POCT) in a low resource setting with high rates of Chlamydia trachomatis urogenital infections in Fiji

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Dean ◽  
Sumeetha Swaminathan ◽  
Mike Kama ◽  
Sophie Goemans ◽  
Daniel Faktaufon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Point Of Care Test ◽  
Urogenital Infections ◽  
Resource Setting ◽  
Low Resource Setting ◽  
Health Organization

Rapid and precise detection of Chlamydia trachomatis—the leading global cause of sexually transmitted infections (STI)—at the point-of-care (POC) is required for treatment decisions to prevent transmission and sequelae including pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, tubal-factor infertility and preterm birth. We developed a rapid POC test (POCT), termed LH-POCT, which uses Loop-mediated AMPlification (LAMP) of nucleic acids, and performed a head-to-head comparison with the Cepheid Xpert® CT/NG assay using clinician-collected de-identified paired vaginal samples from a parent study that consecutively enrolled symptomatic and asymptomatic females over age 18 years from the Ministry of Health and Medical Services Health Centers in Fiji. Samples were processed by the Xpert® CT/NG assay and LH-POCT, blinded to the comparator. Discrepant samples were resolved by qPCR. De-identified clinical data and tests for Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida and bacterial vaginosis (BV) were provided. There were a total of 353 samples from 327 females. C. trachomatis positivity was 16.7% (59/353) while the prevalence was 16.82% (55/327) after discrepant resolution. Seven discrepant samples resolved to: four false negatives, two false positives and one true positive for the LH-POCT. The sensitivity of the LH-POCT was 93.65% (95% CI: 84.53% to 98.24%) and specificity 99.31% (95% CI: 97.53% to 99.92%). Discrepant samples clustered among women with vaginal discharge and/or BV. The prototype LH-POCT workflow has excellent performance, meeting many World Health Organization ASSURED criteria for POC tests, including a sample-to-result time of 35 minutes. Our LH-POCT holds promise for improving clinical practice to prevent and control C. trachomatis STIs in diverse health care settings globally.

scholarly journals Profil trikomoniasis di Poliklinik Kulit dan Kelamin RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode 1 Januari 2011 – 31 Desember 2015

e-CliniC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurrahmi Alfari ◽  
Marlyn G. Kapantow ◽  
Thigita Pandaleke
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhea ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract: According to WHO in 2008, prevalence of Trichomoniasis is number one of the total number of new cases of sexually transmitted diseases, reaching 276.4 million (Chlamydia trachomatis 105.7 million, 106.1 million Neisseria gonorrhea, syphilis 10.6 million). Trichomoniasis is a protozoal disease that attacks the lower urogenital tract in both men and women and is caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, this disease is usually transmitted through sexual intercourse. In women this parasitic infection mainly causes vaginitis, whereas in men can lead to urethritis but often asymptomatic so men rarely to do the check. This study’s goal to gain trichomoniasis patients profile at the dermatovenereology clinic of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou General Hospital Manado during the period from January 2011 – December 2015. This is a retrospective descriptive study from the secondary data of trichomoniasis patients based on age, type of job, complaints and clinical findings, and co-infection with other STDs. The results showed of 22 cases with trichomoniasis, found most often in the age group 25-44 years as many as 15 cases (68.18%), with the youngest 16 and the oldest 41 years of age, most of the patients are housewife (45.45%), complaints vary but all come with complaints vaginal discharge, co-infected with other STDs, 7 cases (31.82%).Keywords: trichomoniasis, trichomonas vaginalis, STD Abstrak: Trikomoniasis menempati nomor urut pertama prevalensinya menurut World health Organization pada tahun 2008 yakni mencapai 276,4 juta dari jumlah total kasus baru penyakit menular seksual(105.7 juta Klamidia trakomatis, 106.1 juta Neisseria gonore, 10.6 juta sifilis). Trikomoniasis merupakan suatu penyakit infeksi protozoa yang menyerang traktus urogenitalis bagian bawah baik pada pria maupun wanita dan disebabkan oleh Trichomonas vaginalis, biasanya penyakit ini ditularkan melalui hubungan seksual. Pada wanita infeksi parasit ini terutama menyebabkan vaginitis, sedangkan pada laki-laki menyebabkan uretritis namun sering asimptomatik sehingga pria jarang memeriksakan diri. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui profil pasien trikomoniasis di poliklinik kulit dan kelamin RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado Periode Januari 2011 – Desember 2015. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif retrospektif dari data sekuduer pasien trikomoniasis berdasarkan umur, jenis Pekerjaan, keluhan dan temuan klinis dan ko-infeksi dengan IMS lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 22 kasus dengan trikomoniasis, didapatkan paling sering pada kelompok usia 25-44 tahun sebesar 15 kasus (68,18%), dengan usia termuda 16 tahun dan usia tertua 41 tahun., pekerjaan terbanyak Ibu Rumah Tangga (45,45%), keluhan beragam namun seluruhnya datang dengan keluhan duh tubuh, ko-infeksi IMS lainnya 7 kasus (31,82%). Kata kunci: trikomoniasis, trikomonas vaginalis, IMS

Papillomavirus infection and reproduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-195
Author(s):  
Vladislav I. Krasnopolsky ◽  
Nina V. Zarochentseva ◽  
Ksenia V. Krasnopolskaya ◽  
Yulia N. Bashankaeva ◽  
Varvara S. Kuzmicheva
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Associated Diseases ◽  
Trophoblastic Cells ◽  
Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
Health Organization

The purpose of the review a synthesis of research data on the role of human papillomavirus infection in the reproductive health of women and men. Key Points. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted viruses worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, HPV is the main cause of the development of HPV-associated diseases among both women and men. Viruses are subdivided into HPV with low carcinogenic risk, which cause benign warts, and HPV with high carcinogenic risk, which cause cancer. Different types of human papillomaviruses depending on their characteristic tropism, are divided into skin and mucous types. Viral infection in men leads to a decrease in the quality of sperm (for example, asthenozoospermia) due to apoptosis in sperm cells and due to the development of antisperm immunity. A negative viral effect on the fertility of women is manifested in an increase in the frequency of spontaneous miscarriages and a premature rupture of the amniotic membranes during pregnancy. There is evidence that HPV decreases the number of trophoblastic cells and abnormal trophoblastic-endometrial adhesion is also observed. In trophoblastic cells transfected with high-risk HPV, the level of apoptosis increases. HPV vaccination is safe, and the results show not only protection against HPV-associated diseases in women and men, but also a reduction of gestational complications, reduced preterm birth rates and the protection of newborns from infection.

scholarly journals Circulation and Molecular Epidemiology of Enteroviruses in Paralyzed, Immunodeficient and Healthy Individuals in Tunisia, a Country with a Polio-Free Status for Decades

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Anissa Chouikha ◽  
Dorra Rezig ◽  
Nadia Driss ◽  
Ichrak Abdelkhalek ◽  
Ahlem Ben Yahia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Rate ◽  
Warning System ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Type 3

This report is an overview of enterovirus (EV) detection in Tunisian polio-suspected paralytic cases (acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases), healthy contacts and patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PID) during an 11-year period. A total of 2735 clinical samples were analyzed for EV isolation and type identification, according to the recommended protocols of the World Health Organization. Three poliovirus (PV) serotypes and 28 different nonpolio enteroviruses (NPEVs) were detected. The NPEV detection rate was 4.3%, 2.8% and 12.4% in AFP cases, healthy contacts and PID patients, respectively. The predominant species was EV-B, and the circulation of viruses from species EV-A was noted since 2011. All PVs detected were of Sabin origin. The PV detection rate was higher in PID patients compared to AFP cases and contacts (6.8%, 1.5% and 1.3% respectively). PV2 was not detected since 2015. Using nucleotide sequencing of the entire VP1 region, 61 strains were characterized as Sabin-like. Among them, six strains of types 1 and 3 PV were identified as pre-vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs). Five type 2 PV, four strains belonging to type 1 PV and two strains belonging to type 3 PV, were classified as iVDPVs. The data presented provide a comprehensive picture of EVs circulating in Tunisia over an 11-year period, reveal changes in their epidemiology as compared to previous studies and highlight the need to set up a warning system to avoid unnoticed PVs.

scholarly journals HCV Detection, Discrimination, and Genotyping Technologies

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrikant Warkad ◽  
Satish Nimse ◽  
Keum-Soo Song ◽  
Taisun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 71 million people were living with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection worldwide in 2015. Each year, about 399,000 HCV-infected people succumb to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure. Therefore, screening of HCV infection with simple, rapid, but highly sensitive and specific methods can help to curb the global burden on HCV healthcare. Apart from the determination of viral load/viral clearance, the identification of specific HCV genotype is also critical for successful treatment of hepatitis C. This critical review focuses on the technologies used for the detection, discrimination, and genotyping of HCV in clinical samples. This article also focuses on advantages and disadvantages of the reported methods used for HCV detection, quantification, and genotyping.

The Hidden Impact of COVID-19 on Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights of Women in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijayan Sharmila ◽  
Thirunavukkarasu Arun Babu
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Safe Abortion ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

: Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak was first reported from China in December 2019, and World Health Organization declared the outbreak as a pandemic on 11 March 2020. The number of confirmed cases is rising alarmingly in most countries across all continents over the past few months. The current COVID-19 pandemic has an immense impact on Sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) with disruptions in regular provision of Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services such as maternal care, safe abortion services, contraception, prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. Other aspects that merit attention include probable increase in domestic violence, sexual abuse, and effects of stigma associated with coronavirus infection on SRH clients and health care providers. Furthermore, as the coronavirus infection is relatively new, only minimal data is available to understand the impact of this disease on SRH, including coronavirus infection complicating pregnancies, and in people with STI/HIV-related immunosuppression. There is a serious necessity for the medical fraternity to generate psycho-social and clinico-epidemiological correlations between coronavirus disease and SRHR outcomes. The article reviews the hidden impact of coronavirus pandemic on sexual and reproductive health and rights of women, particularly in India

A Review on Herbal Treatments for Trichomonas Vaginalis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Rahmani ◽  
Yahya Ehteshaminia ◽  
Hamid Mohammadi ◽  
Seif Ali Mahdavi
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Patient Acceptance ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Introduction: Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite that infects the urogenital tract of men and women and causes trichomoniasis, a common sexually transmitted disease in both men and women. The infection is often asymptomatic, but it can be accompanied by symptoms such as severe inflammation, itching and burning, foamy discharge and foul-smelling mucus. In one year, 250 million cases of Trichomonas vaginalis were reported worldwide. Material and Methods: In this study, the websites of PubMed, Google Scholar, SID, and Margiran were searched and related articles were reviewed.    Results: Today, the most common treatment for this disease is the use of metronidazole. However, its side effects, which include hematological and neurotoxic effects, cannot be ignored. Because of these side effects, researchers are looking for a suitable replacement for metronidazole in the treatment of trichomoniasis. Researchers' desire to use  herbs can be due to various reasons such as fewer side effects, better patient acceptance, recommendation of traditional medicine, lower prices of herbs and also compatibility with the normal physiological function of the human body. Conclusion: Considering the inhibitory effects of medicinal plants on the growth and proliferation of Trichomonas vaginalis in vitro, it can be concluded that the use of these plants can have many applications in the treatment of trichomoniasis. As a result, by studying more about their advantages and disadvantages, it is possible to make a drug that has higher therapeutic effects with fewer side effects.

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