HUBUNGAN TIMBAL DARAH TERHADAP KELAINAN SEL DARAH PADA ANAK JALANAN DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA

Introduction : Increasing ownership of motorized vehicles will be accompanied by increased use of fuel followed by high air pollution (lead). Pb can cause erythrocyte hemolysis and inhibit the formation of hemoglobin. This causes a decrease in the life span of erythrocytes and increases the fragility of erythrocyte membranes. Lead poisoning in the blood is characterized by basophilic stippling in erythocytes. Street musicians who do their work on the edge of the road (traffic light) are a group of populations that are susceptible to Pb poisoning, due to exposure to vehicle fumes every day as well as low knowledge about health conditions and the use of personal protective equipment (masks).Aims : This study aims to determine the effect of lead exposure on quantity (amount) and quality of blood cells (morphology).Method : The study was conducted by survey method, questionnaire and laboratory examination (blood lead, complete blood count, blood cell morphology). The data obtained were 32 samples analyzed using Spearman nonparametric with a confidence level of 95%.Results : The results of blood lead examination obtained 100% of respondents had normal lead levels (100 µg / L). The results also showed no association between blood lead with hemoglobin, erythrocytes, platelets, leukocytes, hematocrit, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Based on the results of morphological examination of erythrocytes, it shows that all respondents did not experience erythrocyte size, color and shape abnormalities and found no basophilic stippling.Conclutions : There is no relationship between blood lead and the quantity of blood cells. Morphological examination of blood cells found no cell abnormalities and found no basophilic stippling. Despite being exposed to vehicle fumes every day, respondents of street children did not experience lead poisoning and did not experience blood cell disorders.

MEDIA ALTERNATIF PERTUMBUHAN Staphylococcus aureus DARI BIJI DURIAN (Durio Zibethinus murr)

Media that is often used for bacterial growth is Nutrient agar. The high price incurred for the manufacture of instant media becomes a constraint so that innovation is needed that can reduce the cost of expenditure that is looking for alternative media from materials that are easily available. One of the natural ingredients that have a source of nutrients that can be used for bacterial growth of durian seeds that have a high carbohydrate content as a source of carbon. The objective of this research was to know the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria on alternative medium of durian seed as substitution media of Nutrient agar. This research is laboratory experimental research, the sample used is durian seed with three concentrations of 200 g, 300 g, 400 g. The parameters observed were calculating total plate number and morphological form of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria growth. The results showed that the highest population on medium durian medium was the concentration of 200 g as much as 5.7 x 10-4 cfu and the lowest population at the concentration of 400 g was 3.5 x 10-3 cfu. While the population on the media Nutrient agar that is 7.7 x 10-6 cfu. Based on morphological observation of bacterial growth on durian seed medium, round shape, size 0.1 cm, white milk color, smooth surface, and convex elevation. The conclusion of this research is the growth of Staphylococcus aureus on alternative medium of durian seeds can be used as substitution media of Nutrient agar.

IDENTIFIKASI DAN UJI SENSITIVITAS BAKTERI Neisseria gonorrhoeae TERHADAP ANTIBIOTIK SEFIKSIM PADA PEKERJA SEKS KOMERSIAL DI PUSKESMAS II DENPASAR SELATAN

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Gonorrhea infection varies greatly in the community, especially in sexually active women. Infection cases in women are often asymptomatic, that can causes complication can easily occur. The aims of this study are to identify and determine sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria against cefixime antibiotics. This study was using a descriptive method and used 30 samples. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was isolatd from the vaginal swab sample of Commercial Sex Workers at Puskesmas II Denpasar Selatan. The cultured bacteria on Thayer Martin media were then identified by gram staining, oxidase test, and catalase test. Neisseria gonorrhoeae sensitivity test against cefixime was performed by disc diffusion method. The results of identification showed that 6 (20 %) of 30 samples were Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria with cell characteristics in the form of diplococcus, gram-negative, oxidase and catalase positive. The results of the sensitivity test showed that all isolats of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were resistant to cefixime

EVALUASI ANALITIK POCT METODE GLUCOSE DEHYDROGENASE PARAMETER GLUKOSA PADA SPESEIMEN SERUM DAN PLASMA EDTA

Diabetes is a non-communicable disease that can be prevented and detected as early as possible by routine glucose checks. Point Of Care Testing (POCT) as a diabetes test screening tool is widely used by health care institutions and is even used independently by the wider community. Blood glucose can be measured by serum, plasma, and whole blood specimens. The standard specimen for glucose measurement using POCT is whole blood. Based on the author's survey, the use of the POCT tool in several health care institutions was not following the insert of the tool kit, one of which was the type of specimen used. Many laboratories use EDTA serum and plasma specimens for glucose testing using the POCT device. There are many methods used in the POCT tool, one of these methods is the glucose dehydrogenase method. Therefore analytic evaluation is necessary to ensure the accuracy and accuracy of laboratory examination results in glucose examination. This type of research is the analytical method with a comparative design. The data was collected using the total sampling method. The data is reported using Microsoft Excel and SPSS applications. The number of samples for analytic evaluation was 40 samples. Based on the results of tests performed in duplicate, there were clinical differences in glucose values using serum and plasma EDTA samples so that the use of these samples was not suitable for use for diagnostic purposes using the POCT glucose dehydrogenase method. There was a statistical difference in serum glucose and plasma EDTA against whole blood that was examined using the POCT glucose dehydrogenase method with a correlation value (R) of 0.9722 and 0.9695.

Pengaruh Pemberian Streptozotocin Dosis Tunggal terhadap Kadar Glukosa Tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus)

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a disease caused by metabolic disorders in the pancreas, which is characterized by an increased glucose levels or hyperglycemia due to decreased insulin levels from the pancreas. In animal research, DM is often caused by administration of diabetogenic agents. Streptozotocin works by forming free radicals that can damage the pancreatic beta cells; therefore, insulin production can be disrupted. This study aims to determine the glucose level on Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus) before and after a single dose streptozotocin-induced. This study was conducted experimentally with a posttest-interpretation design with a control group design. The result demonstrated that the average blood glucose level before the induction of streptozotocin was 92,63 (SD 10,487) mg/dL, after being induced by streptozotocin was 235,56 (SD 164,929) mg/dL with a difference of 142,938 (SD 160,543) mg/dL. In this study, it can be concluded that the induction of a single dose of streptozotocin has an effect on increasing blood glucose levels on Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus).

HUBUNGAN SANITASI DENGAN INFEKSI TELUR CACING PADA ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR

Worm infections in humans are caused by intestinal nematode worms, namely Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH), which are transmitted through contaminated soil through direct contact with parasite eggs or larvae in the soil. School-age children are a group that has a high risk of STH infection because they are often exposed to soil, contaminated water, and lack of awareness of personal hygiene. Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) transmission through eggs is excreted in the form of feces or urine which contaminates soil and water that has poor sanitation and water supply. Worm infection in children of basic age can cause stunted growth and development of children, disability, and blindness. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between environmental sanitation and infection of intestinal worm eggs (Soil Transmitted Helmint) in elementary school children in Bangli Regency. Respondents who were examined were 30, namely elementary school students in Bangli Regency starting from grades 1-6. School environmental sanitation data obtained by a questionnaire with the observation method. The data on worms for the respondents were obtained by taking fecal samples and examined using the direct method at the Parasitology Laboratory of STIKes Wira Medika Bali. The results showed that the overall sanitation condition of the school environment in Bangli Regency was 90% good and the prevalence of worm infections in elementary school children in Bangli Regency was 3.3%. There is no relationship between environmental sanitation and infection of intestinal worm eggs (Soil Transmitted Helmint) in elementary school children in Bangli Regency (p-value 0.05).. Keywords: Soil Transmitted Helmints, elementary school children, direct slide method, Necator americanus

GAMBARAN ANGKA LEMPENG TOTAL DAN IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI Escherichia coli PADA LOLOH BUNGA TELENG DI DESA PENGLIPURAN KECAMATAN BANGLI

Background : Teleng flower herb is a processed beverage made from teleng flower which is popular as a traditional drink from Penglipuran Village. As one of the beverage products, teleng flower herbs have to obtain consent from the BPOM before distributed and consumed. Purpose : this study was conducted to analyze the quality of microbiology of teleng flower herb. The analyzed parameters were total plate count (ALT) and E. coli bacteria identification. Method : this study used descriptive research with laboratory examinations which was conducted at the Bacteriology Laboratory. The 7 samples were obtained from producers with three times repetition so that it became 21 samples with sampling techniques were saturated sampling. Result : The ALT examination results show that 5 samples (71.4%) are not qualify and 2 samples (28.6%) are qualify based on BPOM Regulation Number 16 In 2016. The obtained results of E. coli identification show that there were 4 (57.1%) contain of E. coli pathogens and 3 samples (42.9%) are not contains of E. coli pathogens. It can be concluded that most of the hygiene of teleng flower herb at Penglipuran Village does not meet the requirements. Conclusion : Based on these results, we suggest to the producers of teleng flower herb to maintain the quality of teleng flower herb that they sell. Key words: teleng flower herb, microbiological quality, total plate count, E. coli

ANALISIS KANDUNGAN GIZI SELAI POH LEMBONGAN OLEH-OLEH LANGKA KHAS NUSA PENIDA

Poh Lembongan mango is a typical mango from the island of Nusa Penida. During the harvest season the fruit is abundant and not used. The use of this mango fruit needs to be done research, so that it can be used as a souvenir product by processing it into jam. The purpose of this study was to analyze the nutritional content of the mango poh lembongan jam, and to test the organoleptic to determine the acceptability of the product as a souvenir.The research method used is descriptive, namely by laboratory tests and organoleptic tests. Laboratory tests were carried out by analyzing moisture content, ash content, fat content, protein content, carbohydrate content, and vitamin C. Organoleptic tests were carried out on the assessment of the aroma, taste, viscosity and acceptability parameters of 15 panelists.The results showed that the content of this jam was 19.649% water content; ash content 0.165%; fat content 0.573%; protein content of 0.907%, carbohydrate content of 78.705%, and vitamin C of 20.476%. Vitamin C which is quite high in jam gives the product the opportunity to be used as healthy food. Organoleptic tests show that the taste, aroma, texture can still be accepted by the community. Poh Lembongan mango jam has the potential to be developed into a typical souvenir product from Nusa Penida Island.

DETEKSI FENOTIPIK Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) PADA SAMPEL MAKANAN DI SIDOARJO

Methicillin-resistant Staphyloccocus aureus (MRSA) is an isolate that is resistant to the antibiotic methicillin and beta lactam group. The incidence of MRSA associated with nosocomial infections in various parts of the world is very high, but research on its spread in community infections is rarely reported. This study aims to detect the presence of phenotypic MRSA in food samples in Sidoarjo. The food samples (cilok, fried foods and tempura) collected were then weighed, diluted, and cultured in a selective medium and differential namely Manitol Salt agar. The yellow-colored colonies were then continued with microscopic testing and biochemical tests to distinguish between Staphylococcus species. Thirty eight collected Staphyloccus aureus isolates were then screened using Oxacillin 1 µg and there were eight (8) isolates that were positive for MRSA according to the criteria of the Clinical Laboratory Standart Institutre (CLSI). Eight of the isolates were tested for antibiotic sensitivity with the Kirby-Bauer method with Chloramphenicol 30 µg and Cotrimoxazole 25 µg. Eight MRSA (21%) isolates were resistant to Chloramphenicol and only four isolates were resistant to Cotrimoxazole. The presence of MRSA isolates in community infections needs to be watched out for considering these genes can be transmitted and spread between bacterial species

TEH CANG SALAK : TEH DARI LIMBAH KULIT SALAK DAN KAYU SECANG YANG BERPOTENSI UNTUK PENCEGAHAN DAN PENGOBATAN PENYAKIT DEGENERATIF

This study aims to treat salacca peel and secang wood waste into herbal tea and analyze the phytochemical content and antioxidant capacity and organoleptic test of the products made. Salak skin waste samples were taken at the salak center in Sibetan Village and secang wood obtained in Tenganan Village, Karangasem. Antioxidant capacity testing was carried out in the Laboratory Service Unit of the Faculty of Agricultural Technology at UNUD, and phytochemical tests at the Health Polytechnic Department of Denpasar. Organoleptic tests were carried out on 20 panelists. Tea is made by mixing secang wood powder which has been mashed with salak skin powder using 3 variations, namely VR1 (1.5 gram: 0.5 gram), VR2 (1gram: 1 gram), VR3 (0.5 gram: 1.5 gram) ), then soaked in hot water and analyzed.The results showed that Cang Salak Tea with variations of VR1, VR2, and VR3 has active phytochemical content of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenols. These compounds have the potential for degenerative diseases. Antioxidant capacity in VR1, VR2, and VR3 are 343.88; 183.88, and 92.12 mg / L GAEAC. The difference in content is caused by the presence of antioxidants in higher secang wood compared to bark. The tea has the potential to be developed into an antioxidant drink which is useful for the prevention and control of degenerative diseases. Organoleptic tests showed that Cang Salak tea products with various variations were favored by panelists. The most preferred color is in VR1, the aroma is on VR3, and it feels on VR2. Future studies require strength tests of antioxidant activity and in vitro or in vivo testing of Cang Salak tea for degenerative diseases