scholarly journals Compliance and Treatment Outcomes of Various Regimens for Trichomoniasis in Trinidad and Tobago

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Divakaruni ◽  
Mahabir ◽  
Orrett ◽  
Adidam ◽  
Venkata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Compliance To Treatment ◽  
Health Organization

Trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease (STD) globally and yet is not a reportable disease. Trichomonas vaginalis is an important source of reproductive morbidity and may increase risk of acquisition and transmission of human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV). The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Control Disease Center (CDC) recommend various regimens of nitroimidazole s for treatment. The common nitroimidazoles used for trichomoniasis are metronidazole and tinidazole, which vary in their cost, efficacy, and side effect profile. It is relevant to study these factors for better management of the patients. This study aimed to compare and study the efficacy, compliance of various treatment regimens, their outcomes, and side-effects for trichomoniasis, among STI clinic attendees in Trinidad. A clinical trial study was designed, and after obtaining the informed consent, a routine clinical examination was conducted and the swabs for trichomoniasis tests were collected for diagnosis from the 692 participants. Out of 692 participants, 82 patients with positive diagnosis of Trichomonas infection were treated according to the patient’s choice, using different drug regimens. Compliance to treatment, side effects, and outcome were evaluated. The prevalence of trichomoniasis in the population attending our STI clinic is 11.9% and prevalence of HIV is 9%. Of the total 82 participants for the treatment, 80% were females; nearly 90% of the patients belonged to age group 15–45 years, and over 60% were below 30 years. Among those diagnosed for Trichomonas vaginalis, 14.6% had coexistent HIV infection. The compliance with respect to single dose treatment was significantly better than the long-duration oral regimen and has a significant relation with side effects of the treatment. The outcome is generally better and comparable and shows no significant difference between different treatment regimens used in the study. Metronidazole and tinidazole are commonly used drugs in various regimens. Compliance is better with those treated with tinidazole and metronidazole single dose than with other groups. Outcome is comparable between these regimens, especially when combined with other important factors like abstinence and treatment of the partners. The treatment regimens mainly differed in the compliance side effects profile and duration of therapy, which suggests that to improve the compliance of the drugs with fewer side effects, short course regimen would be a preferred choice.

scholarly journals Detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in Vaginal Swab Clinical Samples from Palestinian Women by Culture

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmeen Houso ◽  
Mohammad A. Farraj ◽  
As'ad Ramlawi ◽  
Tamer Essawi
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Specimen Collection ◽  
Health Organization

Background. Trichomoniasis is a common sexually transmitted disease caused by Trichomonas vaginalis. It is a major health problem worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that 180 million infections are acquired annually worldwide. Methodology. Vaginal swabs (1207) were cultured for T. vaginalis on Trichomonas Medium no. 2 (Oxoid) soon after specimen collection. The cultures were examined daily using a light microscope to detect the presence of T. vaginalis. Results. The prevalence of T. vaginalis was 13.6% (164/1207). The infection rate was the highest during pregnancy, 28.1%, and the lowest among women whose spouses use condoms, 8.6%. Conclusions. The culture method was used in this study to accurately determine the prevalence of this parasite in the West Bank, Palestine. The results of the study will eliminate ambiguities concerning trichomoniasis in this country and will contribute to better management and proper treatment.

scholarly journals A Case of Polyneuropathy Following a Single Dose of Diethylcarbamazine and Albendazole During Mass Administration of Drug - A Case Report

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-58
Author(s):  
SC Kohli ◽  
UK Shrestha ◽  
VM Alurkar ◽  
A Maskey ◽  
M Parajuli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
World Health ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The global program to eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis created by The World Health organization in 1997 is based on mass administration of single annual doses of diethylcarbamazine ( DEC) plus albendazole in non African regions and of albendazole plus ivermectin in Africa. The usual side effects of DEC treatment include fever, chills, arthralgia, headaches, nausea, and vomiting. Albendazole is associated with relatively few side effects consisting of occasional nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, headache, reversible alopecia, elevated aminotransferases and rarely leucopenia and rash. We report a case of polyneuropathy in a young individual following DEC and albendazole during mass drug administration. Keywords: Albendazole; DEC; Polyneuropathy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v1i1.5800   Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences. 2012; 1(1): 56-58

A Review on Herbal Treatments for Trichomonas Vaginalis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Rahmani ◽  
Yahya Ehteshaminia ◽  
Hamid Mohammadi ◽  
Seif Ali Mahdavi
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Patient Acceptance ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Introduction: Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite that infects the urogenital tract of men and women and causes trichomoniasis, a common sexually transmitted disease in both men and women. The infection is often asymptomatic, but it can be accompanied by symptoms such as severe inflammation, itching and burning, foamy discharge and foul-smelling mucus. In one year, 250 million cases of Trichomonas vaginalis were reported worldwide. Material and Methods: In this study, the websites of PubMed, Google Scholar, SID, and Margiran were searched and related articles were reviewed.    Results: Today, the most common treatment for this disease is the use of metronidazole. However, its side effects, which include hematological and neurotoxic effects, cannot be ignored. Because of these side effects, researchers are looking for a suitable replacement for metronidazole in the treatment of trichomoniasis. Researchers' desire to use  herbs can be due to various reasons such as fewer side effects, better patient acceptance, recommendation of traditional medicine, lower prices of herbs and also compatibility with the normal physiological function of the human body. Conclusion: Considering the inhibitory effects of medicinal plants on the growth and proliferation of Trichomonas vaginalis in vitro, it can be concluded that the use of these plants can have many applications in the treatment of trichomoniasis. As a result, by studying more about their advantages and disadvantages, it is possible to make a drug that has higher therapeutic effects with fewer side effects.

Vaginal Trichomoniasis

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 170-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
El-Fadil E Omer ◽  
R D Catterall ◽  
M H Ali ◽  
H A El-Naeem ◽  
H H Erwa
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Disease ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Disease Clinic ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic ◽  
Significant Difference

At a sexually transmitted disease clinic at Khartoum 613 Sudanese women presenting with vaginal discharge were investigated. Specimens were examined by microscopy and culture. Trichomonas vaginalis infestation was found in 123 patients (20.1%), predominantly in the age groups 16–19 years (27.1%) and 46–65 years (27%). Frequency of trichomonal vaginitis was highest (35.9%) among divorced women. Of the pregnant women investigated, 16.3% were found to harbour the parasite. There was no significant difference in the parity of parasitized and non-parasitized patients.

scholarly journals Development and evaluation of a Point-of-Care Test (POCT) in a low resource setting with high rates of Chlamydia trachomatis urogenital infections in Fiji

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Dean ◽  
Sumeetha Swaminathan ◽  
Mike Kama ◽  
Sophie Goemans ◽  
Daniel Faktaufon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Point Of Care Test ◽  
Urogenital Infections ◽  
Resource Setting ◽  
Low Resource Setting ◽  
Health Organization

Rapid and precise detection of Chlamydia trachomatis—the leading global cause of sexually transmitted infections (STI)—at the point-of-care (POC) is required for treatment decisions to prevent transmission and sequelae including pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, tubal-factor infertility and preterm birth. We developed a rapid POC test (POCT), termed LH-POCT, which uses Loop-mediated AMPlification (LAMP) of nucleic acids, and performed a head-to-head comparison with the Cepheid Xpert® CT/NG assay using clinician-collected de-identified paired vaginal samples from a parent study that consecutively enrolled symptomatic and asymptomatic females over age 18 years from the Ministry of Health and Medical Services Health Centers in Fiji. Samples were processed by the Xpert® CT/NG assay and LH-POCT, blinded to the comparator. Discrepant samples were resolved by qPCR. De-identified clinical data and tests for Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida and bacterial vaginosis (BV) were provided. There were a total of 353 samples from 327 females. C. trachomatis positivity was 16.7% (59/353) while the prevalence was 16.82% (55/327) after discrepant resolution. Seven discrepant samples resolved to: four false negatives, two false positives and one true positive for the LH-POCT. The sensitivity of the LH-POCT was 93.65% (95% CI: 84.53% to 98.24%) and specificity 99.31% (95% CI: 97.53% to 99.92%). Discrepant samples clustered among women with vaginal discharge and/or BV. The prototype LH-POCT workflow has excellent performance, meeting many World Health Organization ASSURED criteria for POC tests, including a sample-to-result time of 35 minutes. Our LH-POCT holds promise for improving clinical practice to prevent and control C. trachomatis STIs in diverse health care settings globally.

scholarly journals Profil trikomoniasis di Poliklinik Kulit dan Kelamin RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode 1 Januari 2011 – 31 Desember 2015

e-CliniC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurrahmi Alfari ◽  
Marlyn G. Kapantow ◽  
Thigita Pandaleke
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhea ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract: According to WHO in 2008, prevalence of Trichomoniasis is number one of the total number of new cases of sexually transmitted diseases, reaching 276.4 million (Chlamydia trachomatis 105.7 million, 106.1 million Neisseria gonorrhea, syphilis 10.6 million). Trichomoniasis is a protozoal disease that attacks the lower urogenital tract in both men and women and is caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, this disease is usually transmitted through sexual intercourse. In women this parasitic infection mainly causes vaginitis, whereas in men can lead to urethritis but often asymptomatic so men rarely to do the check. This study’s goal to gain trichomoniasis patients profile at the dermatovenereology clinic of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou General Hospital Manado during the period from January 2011 – December 2015. This is a retrospective descriptive study from the secondary data of trichomoniasis patients based on age, type of job, complaints and clinical findings, and co-infection with other STDs. The results showed of 22 cases with trichomoniasis, found most often in the age group 25-44 years as many as 15 cases (68.18%), with the youngest 16 and the oldest 41 years of age, most of the patients are housewife (45.45%), complaints vary but all come with complaints vaginal discharge, co-infected with other STDs, 7 cases (31.82%).Keywords: trichomoniasis, trichomonas vaginalis, STD Abstrak: Trikomoniasis menempati nomor urut pertama prevalensinya menurut World health Organization pada tahun 2008 yakni mencapai 276,4 juta dari jumlah total kasus baru penyakit menular seksual(105.7 juta Klamidia trakomatis, 106.1 juta Neisseria gonore, 10.6 juta sifilis). Trikomoniasis merupakan suatu penyakit infeksi protozoa yang menyerang traktus urogenitalis bagian bawah baik pada pria maupun wanita dan disebabkan oleh Trichomonas vaginalis, biasanya penyakit ini ditularkan melalui hubungan seksual. Pada wanita infeksi parasit ini terutama menyebabkan vaginitis, sedangkan pada laki-laki menyebabkan uretritis namun sering asimptomatik sehingga pria jarang memeriksakan diri. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui profil pasien trikomoniasis di poliklinik kulit dan kelamin RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado Periode Januari 2011 – Desember 2015. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif retrospektif dari data sekuduer pasien trikomoniasis berdasarkan umur, jenis Pekerjaan, keluhan dan temuan klinis dan ko-infeksi dengan IMS lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 22 kasus dengan trikomoniasis, didapatkan paling sering pada kelompok usia 25-44 tahun sebesar 15 kasus (68,18%), dengan usia termuda 16 tahun dan usia tertua 41 tahun., pekerjaan terbanyak Ibu Rumah Tangga (45,45%), keluhan beragam namun seluruhnya datang dengan keluhan duh tubuh, ko-infeksi IMS lainnya 7 kasus (31,82%). Kata kunci: trikomoniasis, trikomonas vaginalis, IMS

scholarly journals Chromosomal aberrations induced by cassava industrial effluent using Allium Cepa assay

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 097-104
Author(s):  
Gbenga Olorunshola Alege ◽  
Chinenye Sylvia Anyoku ◽  
Comfort Kehinde Olubiyo ◽  
Gloria Taiye Olubiyo ◽  
Blessing Adejoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Compliance To Treatment ◽  
Health Organization

This study assessed the heavy metal compositions and chromosome aberrations induced by cassava industrial effluent using Allium cepa meristem assay. Effluent collected at the point of discharge from the cassava processing factory located at Lokoja, Kogi State Nigeria was analyzed for quantity of Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Nickel Ni, Cobalt (Co) and Lead (Pb) using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer method. Onion (Allium cepa) roots were allowed to grow in beakers containing different concentrations of cassava industrial effluent (i.e. 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) and the control for 24 hours. Harvesting of the tips for chromosome observations was carried out between 8:00 to 9:00am West Africa Time. Data pooled under X400 magnification of the light microscope for mitotic phases and chromosome aberrations were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) while means with significant difference across concentrations were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results revealed that only Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) concentrations in the effluent were higher than the minimum values recommended by World Health Organization. The effluent also produce binucleate cells, variant chromosomes, C-mitosis, vacuolated cells, tripolar anaphase and anaphase bridge which suggests the mutagenic and cytotoxic activities of the industrial effluent. The decrease in the Mitotic Indices (MI) of effluent-treated root cells compared to the control indicates mito-depressive ability of the effluent at every concentration. Regular monitoring of industries for compliance to treatment of effluent before releasing them into the environment is recommended.

Diluted benznidazole decreases side effects in animals infected by Trypanosoma cruzi and treated with benznidazole in ponderal dose

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (40) ◽  
pp. 170-171
Author(s):  
Denise Lessa Aleixo ◽  
Fabiana Nabarro Ferraz ◽  
Miguel Spack ◽  
Gislaine Janaina S F Temporini ◽  
Camila Fernanda Brustolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Important Progress ◽  
Better Than

Background: The infection caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi affects millions of people around the world and the benznidazole is the only drug available for the etiological treatment, despite the fact that its adverse effect makes the adherence to treatment more difficult. Taking advantage of the antiparasitic effect of benznidazole and minimizing its side effects, without causing discomfort symptoms to the patient, would be an important progress in the health care of individuals infected with T. cruzi. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different treatment regimens using diluted and ponderal benznidazole, associated or not, in murine infection with T. cruzi. Methodology: A hundred male Swiss mice 28 – year – old infected with 1400 blood trypomastigotes of the Y strain of T. cruzi, were used in the experiment, divided into groups according to the treatment: Control (CI) - infected animals treated orally with 7% hydroalcoholic solution (vehicle of product preparation highly diluted) (N = 20); BZp - infected animals treated with BZ in ponderal dose (100 mg/kg/20days) from the detection of the infection (N = 20); BZh - infected animals treated with BZ highly diluted (30x) from the detection of the infection (N = 20), BZp+h - infected animals treated with a combination of BZ highly diluted (30x) + BZ in ponderal dose (100 mg / kg), from the detection of the infection (n= 20); BZp+hT4A - infected animals treated with the association of BZ in ponderal dose (100 mg / kg ) from the detection of the infection and BZ highly diluted (30x) four days after starting the treatment with BZp (N = 20). Clinical (body weight, water and food intake, amount of feces, temperature, aspect of the fur, mortality and survival time) and parasitological (total parasitemia and area under the parasitemia curve) parameters were evaluated. Results: It was observed a reduction of side effects associated with clinical improvement of the animals treated with the combination of BZ in ponderal dose and highly diluted given 4 days after (BZp+hT4A) or concurrently (BZp+h) with the beginning of the treatment with benznidazole in ponderal dose, with results statistically better than those observed in groups BZp, BZh e CI (p0.05). In the group treated only with the BZ ultradiluted (BZh) the parasitemia remained high, resulting in the death of all animals within a period of 20 days as observed in the CI. Conclusions: The reduction of side effects, the improvement of the clinical evolution and non-compromising the parasiticide effect, show that the association of the benznidazole medication in ponderal dose and highly diluted should be further explored. Keywords: Homeopathy, Trypanosoma cruzi, Side effects, Benznidazole References MINISTÉRIO DA SAÁDE. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease. Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop. 2005; 38:7-29. WHO. World Health Organization. Sixty-third World Healthy. Assembly. Chagas disease: control and elimination. 2010.

Papillomavirus infection and reproduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-195
Author(s):  
Vladislav I. Krasnopolsky ◽  
Nina V. Zarochentseva ◽  
Ksenia V. Krasnopolskaya ◽  
Yulia N. Bashankaeva ◽  
Varvara S. Kuzmicheva
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Associated Diseases ◽  
Trophoblastic Cells ◽  
Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
Health Organization

The purpose of the review a synthesis of research data on the role of human papillomavirus infection in the reproductive health of women and men. Key Points. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted viruses worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, HPV is the main cause of the development of HPV-associated diseases among both women and men. Viruses are subdivided into HPV with low carcinogenic risk, which cause benign warts, and HPV with high carcinogenic risk, which cause cancer. Different types of human papillomaviruses depending on their characteristic tropism, are divided into skin and mucous types. Viral infection in men leads to a decrease in the quality of sperm (for example, asthenozoospermia) due to apoptosis in sperm cells and due to the development of antisperm immunity. A negative viral effect on the fertility of women is manifested in an increase in the frequency of spontaneous miscarriages and a premature rupture of the amniotic membranes during pregnancy. There is evidence that HPV decreases the number of trophoblastic cells and abnormal trophoblastic-endometrial adhesion is also observed. In trophoblastic cells transfected with high-risk HPV, the level of apoptosis increases. HPV vaccination is safe, and the results show not only protection against HPV-associated diseases in women and men, but also a reduction of gestational complications, reduced preterm birth rates and the protection of newborns from infection.

Household and Population-Level Behavioural Changes Due to COVID-19 Pandemic: A Smart Thermostat Based Comparative Data Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kirti Sundar Sahu ◽  
Arlene Oetomo ◽  
Niloofar Jalali ◽  
Plinio P. Morita
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Population Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Motion Sensors ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Smart Thermostat ◽  
The Impact

The World Health Organization declared the coronavirus outbreak as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. To inhibit the spread of COVID-19, governments around the globe, including Canada, have implemented physical distancing and lockdown measures, including a work-from-home policy. Canada in 2020 has developed a 24-Hour Movement Guideline for all ages laying guidance on the ideal amount of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep (PASS) for an individual in a day. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes on the household and population-level in lifestyle behaviours (PASS) and time spent indoors at the household level, following the implementation of physical distancing protocols and stay-at-home guidelines. For this study, we used 2019 and 2020 data from ecobee, a Canadian smart Wi-Fi thermostat company, through the Donate Your Data (DYD) program. Using motion sensors data, we quantified the amount of sleep by using the absence of movement, and similarly, increased sensor activation to show a longer duration of household occupancy. The key findings of this study were; during the COVID-19 pandemic, overall household-level activity increased significantly compared to pre-pandemic times, there was no significant difference between household-level behaviours between weekdays and weekends during the pandemic, average sleep duration has not changed, but the pattern of sleep behaviour significantly changed, specifically, bedtime and wake up time delayed, indoor time spent has been increased and outdoor time significantly reduced. Our data analysis shows the feasibility of using big data to monitor the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the household and population-level behaviours and patterns of change.

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