Wildlife rabies in Western Turkey: the spread of rabies through the western provinces of Turkey

The incidence of rabies has decreased in Turkey during recent years. However, an increasing number of rabies cases have been reported in the Aegean (western) region of Turkey. The virus appears to have maintained a foothold in the urban areas of the province of Izmir with only three cases per year being reported during the mid-1990s. Since 2001, the virus has been recorded in the previously rabies-free provinces of Manisa and Aydin. During this epizootic, cases have been reported in both dogs and foxes, and there has been an unusually high incidence of rabies in domestic livestock, especially cattle. This report describes the development of this epizootic and a preliminary phylogenetic study which suggests that the source of this epizootic was likely to have been the residual cases within Izmir rather than a fresh introduction of rabies from foci to the north (Istanbul) and the Eastern provinces of Turkey.

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U-Pb on Zircon and Monazite Geochronology of Granites of the Zhytomyr and Sheremetiv Complexes, the North-Western Region of the Ukrainian Shield

Mineralogical Journal ◽

10.15407/mineraljournal.40.02.063 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 63-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

L. Shumlyanskyy ◽

L. Stepanyuk ◽

S. Claesson ◽

K. Rudenko ◽

A. Bekker

Keyword(s):

Ukrainian Shield ◽

Western Region ◽

The North ◽

North Western

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Integrated waste water management for a small river basin - a case study

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1998.0442 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 38 (11) ◽

pp. 87-95

Author(s):

R. Fenz ◽

M. Zessner ◽

N. Kreuzinger ◽

H. Kroiss

Keyword(s):

Waste Water ◽

Water Management ◽

River Basin ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Waste Water Treatment ◽

Point Of View ◽

Political Issue ◽

The North ◽

Waste Water Management

In Austria approximately 70% of the population is connected to sewerage and to biological waste water treatment plants. Whereas the urban areas are already provided with these facilities to a very high extent, effort is still needed in rural areas to meet the requirements of the Austrian legislation. The way, this task should be solved has provoked much controversy. It is mainly the question, whether centralised or decentralised sewage disposal systems are preferable from the ecological and economical point of view, that became a political issue during the last 5 years. The Institute for Water Quality and Waste Management was asked to elaborate a waste water management concept for the Lainsitz River Basin, a mainly rural area in the north of Austria discharging to the Elbe river. Both ecological and economical aspects should be considered. This paper presents the methodology that was applied and the criteria which were decisive for the selection of the final solution.

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High Parasitic Contamination of Soil Samples in the North of Iran: a Potential Risk of Parasitic Infection for Tourists

Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871526520666200602150446 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Beheshteh Haghparast-kenari ◽

Tooran Nayeri ◽

Shahabeddin Sarvi ◽

Mohammad Taghi Rahimi ◽

Ehsan Ahmadpour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Contaminated Soil ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Human Society ◽

Public Parks ◽

The North ◽

North Of Iran

Background: Soil-transmitted parasites (STPs) are significant intestinal parasites that infect humans and animals and impose considerable burdens on human society and animal husbandry industries. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of parasitic elements of soil samples collected from the north of Iran. Methods: A total of 256 soil samples were collected from public parks, public places, vegetable gardens, sand heaps, and shadow areas near houses in the north of Iran and examined using the sucrose flotation method. Results: Out of 256 examined samples, 131 (51.2%) ones showed parasitic contamination including larvae (43%), oocysts (14.1%), and different eggs (6.6%). According to the results, the most and least common parasites observed in the samples were larvae (43%), as well as Toxascaris leonina, and Trichuris trichiura (0.4%), respectively. Moreover, the most and least contaminated locations were sand heaps (62.5%) and shadow areas near houses (45.6%), respectively. Regarding cities, Behshahr (68.3%) and Sari (67.5%) had the highest contaminated soil samples, whereas Chalus (37.5%) showed the lowest contamination. On the other hand, rural samples showed more contamination, compared to urban areas (P< 0.05). Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicate that the overall prevalence of STPs in examined areas and highly contaminated soil samples can be considered as a potential source of human contamination particularly tourists with STPs.

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Induction of Haemolysis and DNA Fragmentation in a Normal and Malarial-Infected Blood by Commonly - used Antimalarial Drugs in the North-Western Region of Nigeria

Drug Metabolism Letters ◽

10.2174/187231281001160212150630 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 49-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Aliyu Muhammad ◽

Mohammed Ibrahim ◽

Ochuko Erukainure ◽

Nathan Habila ◽

Aimola Idowu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Fragmentation ◽

Antimalarial Drugs ◽

Western Region ◽

Infected Blood ◽

The North ◽

North Western

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Factors associated with human visceral leishmaniasis cases during urban epidemics in Brazil: a systematic review

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182021000019 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Cleya da Silva Santana Cruz ◽

David Soeiro Barbosa ◽

Vinícius Cunha Oliveira ◽

Diogo Tavares Cardoso ◽

Nathália Sernizon Guimarães ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Individual Level ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The North ◽

Unified Health System

Abstract Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is endemic in 70 countries and has been reported in 12 countries of Latin America, with over 90% of the cases reported in Brazil, where epidemics have occurred since 1980. The objective of this review is to describe the factors associated with the occurrence of VL epidemics in humans in urban areas. A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA-P guidelines. The databases PubMed (by Medline), Cochrane Library, Embase, Amed, LILACS and grey literature [Google Scholar and handsearch of the database of the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) of Brazil's Unified Health System] were used. The protocol was registered under PROSPERO (CRD42019128998). Climatic, environmental factors and indicators of urban social structure were described as influencing the outbreaks in the North and Northeast regions. Gender and age characteristics were related to a greater chance of developing VL in the Central-West, Northeast and Southeast regions. Vector indicators showed a positive correlation with the incidence of VL in studies in the Northeast region. In the Southeast and Northeast regions, studies revealed the presence of dogs with positive correlation with VL. Knowledge gaps remain regarding the contribution to the increase in the risk factors described in ecological approaches, as no analysis was performed at the individual level, and it is still necessary to discuss the influence of other associated elements in epidemic episodes in the spread of VL.

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Hospital training for general practice: views of trainees in the North Western region.

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.298.6685.1432 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 298 (6685) ◽

pp. 1432-1434 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

H. Reeve ◽

A. Bowman

Keyword(s):

General Practice ◽

Western Region ◽

The North ◽

North Western

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ANALYSIS OF COMMUTE CHARATERISTICS AND RESIDENTIAL LOCATION CHOICE OF IIUM GOMBAK CAMPUS EMPLOYEES OF MALAYSIA

PLANNING MALAYSIA JOURNAL ◽

10.21837/pm.v8i1.78 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Abdul Mohit ◽

Mootaz Munjid Mustafa

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Location Choice ◽

Residential Location ◽

Higher Learning ◽

Kuala Lumpur ◽

Residential Location Choice ◽

North West ◽

The North ◽

Residential Characteristics ◽

Learning Institutions

Higher learning institutions, particularly uni versities, are important nodes which can help in decentralizing the monocentric stigma of urban areas by encouraging employment and housing growth in metropolitan areas. The case study Gombak Campus of international Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), located 15 kilometres to the north-west of Kuala Lumpur City, is currently an employment node in the Klang Valley region. Being a node of employment, it is expected to generate residential development in the vicinity of its location by supporting the determining two fac tors of residential location - commuting cost and rent. Although there are certain truths that rent and commute cost are important determinants in households' residential location, other factors also influence residential location decision making. This paper, therefore, attempts to identify an array of factors and the extent to which these factors influence commute and residential attributes of the employees of IIUM Gombak Campus. Findings of this study reveal that there is a significant relationship between commute behaviour and residential characteristics and a number of other factors nonnally overlooked by the mainstream residential location choice models.

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EXPANSION OF VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS IN THE STATE OF RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL: REPORT OF THE FIRST AUTOCHTHONOUS CASE IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF VOLTA REDONDA AND THE DIFFICULTY OF DIAGNOSIS

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46652014000300015 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 271-274 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Luiz Henrique Conde Sangenis ◽

Sebastião Roberto de Almeida Lima ◽

Cíntia Xavier de Mello ◽

Daniela Trindade Cardoso ◽

Jurema Nunes Mello ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Symptom Onset ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Correct Diagnosis ◽

Great Difficulty ◽

The State ◽

Differential Diagnoses ◽

The North ◽

Kala Azar ◽

Epidemiological Changes

Visceral Leishmaniasis has been showing remarkable epidemiological changes in recent decades, with marked expansion and an emergence of cases in urban areas of the North, Southeast and Midwest regions of Brazil. The Kala-azar cases reported here, despite being very characteristic, presented a great difficulty of diagnosis, because the disease is not endemic in Volta Redonda. The child underwent two hospitalizations in different hospitals, but got the correct diagnosis only after 11 months of symptom onset. In this report we discuss the main differential diagnoses and call attention to the suspected symptoms of visceral leishmaniasis in patients with prolonged fever, hepatosplenomegaly and pancytopenia, even in areas not traditionally endemic for the disease.

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The context of leprosy in Brazil-Paraguay border

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva ◽

10.1590/1413-81232015211.20572014 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 225-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Maria Elizabeth Araujo Ajalla ◽

Sonia Maria Oliveira de Andrade ◽

Edson Mamoru Tamaki ◽

William Waissmann ◽

Sandra Helena Correia Diettrich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Detection Rates ◽

Transmission Rates ◽

Goods And Services ◽

Information Unit ◽

The North ◽

Department Of Health ◽

Grade Ii ◽

Epidemiological Profile

Abstract In Brazil, leprosy is endemic in three regions: the North, Northeast, and Mid-West. Counties with contiguous binational urban areas are characterized by a constant fow of people, goods, and services, which facilitates the transmission of diseases and influences the epidemiological profile of leprosy. The purpose of this study was to examine territorial differences in relation to the incidence of leprosy, focusing on border counties with contiguous binational urban areas or otherwise. Each county was taken as an information unit for leprosy cases reported during 2001-2011, based on data from original notification records of the state's Department of Health. In counties with contiguous binational urban areas detection rates showed tendency to increase, Virchowian (lepromatous) disease and disability grade II predominated when compared with Groups II and III: 0.64 and 0.54/100,000 inhabitants for Virchowian desease and 0.14 and 0.27/100,000 inhabitants for disability grade II respectively, and were associated with higher transmission rates. The findings demonstrate the role of border areas in maintaining the endemicity of leprosy.

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