An audit of rubella IgG antibody status in antenatal women in a NHS Trust over 5 years (2005–2009)

SUMMARYRubella, a vaccine-preventable infection. This study examined the antibody status of 11 987 pregnant women during 2005–2009. Results showed a non-significant decrease in those with antibody levels of <4·0 IU/ml from 29/2312 (1·3%) in 2005 to 21/2447 (0·9%) in 2009 (χ2for linear trend=0·279,P=0·56) but a significant increase in those with levels of <10 IU/ml from 88/2312 (3·8%) in 2005 to 124/2447 (5·1%) in 2009 (χ2for linear trend=10·27,P=0·001). In women born before 1983 (pre-pubertal vaccination) the proportion of first pregnancies with titres <4 IU was 1·1% (21/2002) compared to 3·4% (69/2022) in those born after 1983 (χ2=25·176,P<0·0001) and 2·2% (44/2002) for titres <10 IU compared to 14·0% (282/2022) for those born after 1983 (χ2=171·43,P<0·0001). The potential impact of the increase is difficult to determine, requiring further monitoring. This paper discusses the effect of changing immunization programmes on rubella susceptibility in pregnant women.

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Socioeconomic correlates of antibody levels to enteric pathogens among Israeli adolescents

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268806006455 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 135 (1) ◽

pp. 118-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

T. HASIN ◽

R. DAGAN ◽

G. BOUTBOUL ◽

E. DERAZNE ◽

O. ATIAS ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Linear Trend ◽

Oral Route ◽

Serum Antibodies ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Significant Linear Trend ◽

E Coli ◽

Antibody Levels

We examined the association between socioeconomic status and the level of serum antibodies to selected faeco-orally transmitted pathogens among Israeli adolescents. Random samples of eighty volunteers aged 12–15 years from high (HSL), medium (MSL) and low (LSL) standard of living towns were included in the study. Serum samples were examined by radioimmunoassay for HAV and by in-house-developed ELISA systems for IgA and IgG antibody levels against Shigella sonnei, S. flexneri, E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 lipopolysacchride and Cryptosporidium parvum antigens. Seropositivity to HAV was highest (98·8%) in the LSL towns and lowest (25%) in the HSL towns, showing a statistically significant linear trend. Antibody levels to the other enteropathogens had gender variation, with higher titres in females. Significantly lower titres in the HSL towns were found for: IgA anti-S. sonnei in females (P<0·001); IgG anti-S. sonnei in females (P=0·024) and males (P=0·033); IgG anti-S. flexneri in females (P=0·016). Inverse linear association with socioeconomic status was found for IgA anti-C. parvum in females (P<0·001); IgA anti-E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 in females (P<0·001) and males (P=0·024). A statistically significant association between HAV seropositivity and higher titres of IgA anti-S. sonnei and E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 was shown. In conclusion, exposure to enteropathogens transmitted via the faecal–oral route in communities of lower socioeconomic status is reflected in a higher prevalence of lifelong lasting antibodies to HAV, and higher levels of antibodies to bacterial and protozoan enteropathogens. Among females, the levels of specific serum antibodies are higher and more strongly associated with low socioeconomic status.

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HIV-1 Is Associated With Lower Group BStreptococcusCapsular and Surface-Protein IgG Antibody Levels and Reduced Transplacental Antibody Transfer in Pregnant Women

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/jiv064 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 212 (3) ◽

pp. 453-462 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Ziyaad Dangor ◽

Gaurav Kwatra ◽

Alane Izu ◽

Peter Adrian ◽

Nadia van Niekerk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Surface Protein ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

Hiv 1 ◽

Lower Group

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Antibody Response to Pertussis Vaccination in Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women—The Role of Sex Hormones

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9060637 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 637

Author(s):

Victoria Peer ◽

Khitam Muhsen ◽

Moshe Betser ◽

Manfred S Green

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Sex Hormones ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Serum Antibody ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Antibody Levels

Pertussis containing vaccine is recommended for pregnant women to protect neonates prior to being fully immunized against the disease. The immune response during pregnancy may be impacted by changes in the hormonal status. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immune response to pertussis immunization in pregnancy and to assess the role of sex hormones. In a cross-sectional study, blood samples were drawn from 174 pregnant and 74 non-pregnant women 45–60 days following immunization. Anti-pertussis toxin (Anti-PT) IgG antibody levels, estrogen, and progestogen concentrations were compared between the two groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between serum antibody and sex hormone concentrations in each group, controlling for age, body mass index (BMI), and smoking status. The geometric mean concentration (GMC) of anti-PT IgG antibody was significantly higher in non-pregnant women compared with pregnant women (median of 2.09 and 1.86, interquartile range = 2.36–1.8 and 2.11–1.16 respectively, p < 0.0001). Among pregnant women, the anti-PT IgG antibody GMC was negatively associated with both progesterone (odds ratio = 0.300, 95% CI = 0.116, 0.772, p = 0.013) and estrogen (odds ratio = 0.071, 95% CI = 0.017, 0.292, p < 0.0001), after controlling for age, BMI, and smoking. Pregnancy was associated with lower anti-PT IgG antibody levels (odds ratio = 0.413, 95% CI = −0.190, 0.899, p = 0.026). This appears to be at least partially explained by the higher levels of hormones during pregnancy. These findings demonstrate the important role of sex hormones in the response to pertussis vaccine during pregnancy and can help to evaluate the optimum vaccination schedule.

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Parvovirus B19 diagnosis in pregnant women — quantification of IgG antibody levels (IU/ml) with reference to the international parvovirus B19 standard serum

Infection ◽

10.1007/bf02113504 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 32-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Karen Searle ◽

Carola Guilliard ◽

Gisela Enders

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Parvovirus B19 ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Standard Serum ◽

Antibody Levels

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Evaluation of Transplacental Antibody Transfer in SARS-CoV-2-Immunized Pregnant Women

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines10010101 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 101

Author(s):

Ching-Ju Shen ◽

Yi-Chen Fu ◽

Yen-Pin Lin ◽

Ching-Fen Shen ◽

Der-Ji Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Antibody Level ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Dose Group ◽

Neutralizing Antibody ◽

Effective Vaccine ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Maternal Mrna ◽

The One ◽

Antibody Levels

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during pregnancy could result in adverse perinatal outcome. Clinical data on the assessment of the immune response in vaccinated pregnant women and subsequent transplacental antibody transfer are quite limited. Objective: To assess maternal and neonatal neutralizing antibody levels against both wildtype and Delta (B.1.617.2) variants after maternal mRNA vaccination. Study Design: This cohort study was conducted 29 pregnant women who were vaccinated at least one dose of Moderna (mRNA-1273) vaccine. Both neutralizing antibody (wildtype and Delta variant) and S1 receptor binding domain IgG antibody levels were evaluated in maternal and cord blood on the day of delivery. Results: Superiority of antibody level was significant in fully vaccinated women compared with the one-dose group (maternal sera, median, 97.46%; cord sera, median, 97.37% versus maternal sera, median, 4.01%; cord sera, median, 1.44%). No difference in antibody level was noted in relation to interval of second immunization to delivery in the two-dose group (95.99% in 0–2 weeks, 97.45% in 2–4 weeks, 97.48% in 4–8 weeks, 97.72% in 8–10 weeks). The most pronounced reduction was observed for the Delta variant. The wildtype neutralizing antibody level of full-vaccinated women was not influenced by the pertussis vaccination. Conclusion: The data underscore the importance of full vaccination in pregnancy and support the recommendation of COVID-19 immunization for pregnant women. The lower level of vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies for the Delta variant indicates insufficient protection for mother and newborn and highlights the need for development of effective vaccine strategies.

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Low Maternal Immunoglobulin G Avidity and Single Parity as Adverse Implications of Human Cytomegalovirus Vertical Transmission in Pregnant Women with Immunoglobulin M Positivity

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13050866 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 866

Author(s):

Masatoki Kaneko ◽

Junsuke Muraoka ◽

Kazumi Kusumoto ◽

Toshio Minematsu

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Vertical Transmission ◽

Human Cytomegalovirus ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Immunoglobulin M ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Neurological Sequelae ◽

Previous Pregnancy

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the leading cause of neurological sequelae in infants. Understanding the risk factors of primary CMV infection is crucial in establishing preventive strategies. Thus, we conducted a retrospective cohort study to identify risk factors of vertical transmission among pregnant women with immunoglobulin (Ig) M positivity. The study included 456 pregnant women with IgM positivity. Information on age, parity, occupation, clinical signs, IgM levels, and IgG avidity index (AI) was collected. The women were divided into infected and non-infected groups. The two groups showed significant differences in IgM level, IgG AI, number of women with low IgG AI, clinical signs, and number of pregnant women with single parity. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, pregnant women with single parity and low IgG AI were independent predictors. Among 40 women who tested negative for IgG antibody in their previous pregnancy, 20 showed low IgG AI in their current pregnancy. Among the 20 women, 4 had vertical transmission. These results provide better understanding of the risk factors of vertical transmission in pregnant women with IgM positivity.

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Structural Insight into CVB3-VLP Non-Adjuvanted Vaccine

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8091287 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 1287

Author(s):

Minna M. Hankaniemi ◽

Mo A. Baikoghli ◽

Virginia M. Stone ◽

Li Xing ◽

Outi Väätäinen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Exchange Chromatography ◽

Scale Production ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Purification Method ◽

Microscopy Imaging ◽

Single Particle Reconstruction ◽

Enhanced Production ◽

Chronic Myocarditis ◽

Flow Filtration ◽

Antibody Levels

Coxsackievirus B (CVB) enteroviruses are common pathogens that can cause acute and chronic myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, aseptic meningitis, and they are hypothesized to be a causal factor in type 1 diabetes. The licensed enterovirus vaccines and those currently in clinical development are traditional inactivated or live attenuated vaccines. Even though these vaccines work well in the prevention of enterovirus diseases, new vaccine technologies, like virus-like particles (VLPs), can offer important advantages in the manufacturing and epitope engineering. We have previously produced VLPs for CVB3 and CVB1 in insect cells. Here, we describe the production of CVB3-VLPs with enhanced production yield and purity using an improved purification method consisting of tangential flow filtration and ion exchange chromatography, which is compatible with industrial scale production. We also resolved the CVB3-VLP structure by Cryo-Electron Microscopy imaging and single particle reconstruction. The VLP diameter is 30.9 nm on average, and it is similar to Coxsackievirus A VLPs and the expanded enterovirus cell-entry intermediate (the 135s particle), which is ~2 nm larger than the mature virion. High neutralizing and total IgG antibody levels, the latter being a predominantly Th2 type (IgG1) phenotype, were detected in C57BL/6J mice immunized with non-adjuvanted CVB3-VLP vaccine. The structural and immunogenic data presented here indicate the potential of this improved methodology to produce highly immunogenic enterovirus VLP-vaccines in the future.

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