Low Maternal Immunoglobulin G Avidity and Single Parity as Adverse Implications of Human Cytomegalovirus Vertical Transmission in Pregnant Women with Immunoglobulin M Positivity

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the leading cause of neurological sequelae in infants. Understanding the risk factors of primary CMV infection is crucial in establishing preventive strategies. Thus, we conducted a retrospective cohort study to identify risk factors of vertical transmission among pregnant women with immunoglobulin (Ig) M positivity. The study included 456 pregnant women with IgM positivity. Information on age, parity, occupation, clinical signs, IgM levels, and IgG avidity index (AI) was collected. The women were divided into infected and non-infected groups. The two groups showed significant differences in IgM level, IgG AI, number of women with low IgG AI, clinical signs, and number of pregnant women with single parity. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, pregnant women with single parity and low IgG AI were independent predictors. Among 40 women who tested negative for IgG antibody in their previous pregnancy, 20 showed low IgG AI in their current pregnancy. Among the 20 women, 4 had vertical transmission. These results provide better understanding of the risk factors of vertical transmission in pregnant women with IgM positivity.

Download Full-text

Seroprevalence And Risk Factors of Specific Toxoplasma Gondii Antibody among Pregnant Women

The Journal of The University of Duhok ◽

10.26682/ajuod.2020.23.2.16 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 131-139

Author(s):

Ahmed J. Ahmed ◽

Bayar K. Zeebaree ◽

Ramadhan A. Khanamir

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Acute Infection ◽

Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽

First Trimester ◽

Immunoglobulin M ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Igg Antibody

Toxoplasmosis during pregnancy has an adverse effect on pregnant women, fetus and neonatal. The infection is generally asymptomatic but can cause severe effect on the fetus and immunocompromised women. Control study conducted on 77 pregnant women categorized according to the risk factors influencing toxoplasmosis infection. Specific anti Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM were evaluated using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test kits. Among 77 pregnant women, (57.1%) women had toxoplasmosis, seropositive for latent infection with specific Toxoplasma gondii immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were (54.54 %), whereas acute infection immunoglobulin M (IgM) were only in (2.59 %) cases. The seroprevalence of Toxoplasma was higher in older pregnant women (> 60%) than younger ones (<50%). The specific IgG antibody was higher in pregnant women working in farms (65.7 vs 45.23; P=0.053). Also, the seropositive IgG antibody was low in the first trimester and high in rural areas. Pregnant women need to educate more about toxoplasmosis and prevention to exposure in order to reduce the risk of congenital toxoplasmosis.

Download Full-text

Seroprevalence and epidemiology of hepatitis B and C viruses in pregnant women in Spain. Risk factors for vertical transmission

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0233528 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. e0233528

Author(s):

Ángeles Ruiz-Extremera ◽

María del Mar Díaz-Alcázar ◽

José Antonio Muñoz-Gámez ◽

Marta Cabrera-Lafuente ◽

Estefanía Martín ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Vertical Transmission

Download Full-text

Serological Response to Pasteurella multocida NanH Sialidase in Persistently Colonized Rabbits

Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology ◽

10.1128/cdli.11.5.825-834.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 825-834 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Susan Sanchez ◽

Shaikh Mizan ◽

Charlotte Quist ◽

Patricia Schroder ◽

Michelle Juneau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pasteurella Multocida ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Circulatory System ◽

Immunoglobulin M ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serological Response ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Sialidase Activity ◽

Upper Respiratory

ABSTRACT Pasteurella multocida is a mucosal pathogen that colonizes the upper respiratory system of rabbits. Respiratory infections can result, but the bacteria can also invade the circulatory system, producing abscesses or septicemia. P. multocida produces extracellular sialidase activity, which is believed to augment colonization of the respiratory tract and the production of lesions in an active infection. Previously, it was demonstrated that some isolates of P. multocida contain two unique sialidase genes, nanH and nanB, that encode enzymes with different substrate specificities (S. Mizan, A. D. Henk, A. Stallings, M. Meier, J. J. Maurer, and M. D. Lee, J. Bacteriol. 182:6874-6883, 2000). We developed a recombinant antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on the NanH sialidase of P. multocida and demonstrated that rabbits that were experimentally colonized with P. multocida produce detectable anti-NanH immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG in serum, although they demonstrated no clinical signs of pasteurellosis. In addition, clinically ill pet rabbits infected with P. multocida possessed IgM and/or IgG antibody against NanH. The NanH ELISA may be useful for the diagnosis of P. multocida infections in sick rabbits as well as for screening for carriers in research rabbit colonies.

Download Full-text

Seroepidemiology and associated risk factors of hepatitis B and C virus infections among pregnant women attending maternity wards at two hospitals in Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0255189 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. e0255189

Author(s):

Muhammad Israr ◽

Fawad Ali ◽

Arif Nawaz ◽

Muhammad Idrees ◽

Aishma Khattak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Transfusion ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Vertical Transmission ◽

Educational Level ◽

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽

History Of ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Pregnant Mothers

Background & aim Hepatitis B and C infections are global issues that are associated with a massive financial burden in developing countries where vertical transmission is the major mode and remains high. This cross-sectional study was designed to investigate the seroepidemiology and associated risk factors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among 375 pregnant women attending antenatal care health facilities at Bacha Khan Medical Complex (BKMC) Shahmansoor and District Head Quarter (DHQ) Hospital Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Methodology From a total of 375 pregnant women selected using systematic random sampling from both hospitals, 10 ml of blood samples were collected and alienated serum was examined for indicators identification through the Immuno-Chromatographic Test (ICT) and 3rd Generation Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). A pre-structured questionnaire was used to collect the socio-demographic data and possible risk factors. The data was analyzed via SPSS 23.0 statistical software. A chi-square analysis was performed to determine the association between variables. P-value < 0.05 was set statistically significant. Results The overall frequency of HBV and HCV among 375 pregnant women involved in the study was 3.7% and 2.1% respectively. None of the pregnant women were co-infected with HBV and HCV. Dental extraction (P = 0.001) and blood transfusion (P = 0.0005) were significantly allied with HBV infection while surgical procedure (P = 0.0001) was significantly associated with HCV infection. Moreover the sociodemographic characteristics: residential status (P = 0.017) and educational level (P = 0.048) were found significant risk factors of HBsAg and maternal age (P = 0.033) of anti-HCV, respectively. Conclusion & recommendation HBV and HCV infections are intermediary endemic in the study area. A higher prevalence of HBV was detected among pregnant mothers with a history of dental extraction, history of blood transfusion, resident to the urban area and low educational level. The age and surgical procedures were the potential risk factors found significantly associated with HCV positivity among pregnant mothers in our setup. Future negotiations to control vertical transmission should include routine antenatal screening for these infections early in pregnancy and the requirement of efficient preventive tools including the birth dose of the hepatitis B vaccine in combination with hepatitis B immune globulins to the neonate.

Download Full-text

P0150APREECLAMPSIA ABOUT 252 PATIENTS

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfaa142.p0150a ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽

Author(s):

Boubchir Akli ◽

Brahim Kichou ◽

MADIOU ALI

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Adverse Events ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Fetal Death ◽

Gestational Hypertension ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Previous Pregnancy ◽

Fetal Complications

Abstract Background and Aims The main objective was to estimate the prevalence of pre-eclampsia (PE) in pregnant women in Tizi-ouzou (Algeria). Secondary objectives were to estimate the frequency of PE risk factors, and the incidence of maternal and fetal complications. Methods Our study was observational, prospective and descriptive, including all pregnant women at the prenatal appointment in the 2 maternity units of Tizi-ouzou, between January 2012 and June 2013. PE was diagnosed if gestational hypertension was associated with proteinuria > 300mg/24h, after 20 weeks of gestation. Results We had 252 cases of PE on 3225 pregnant women. The prevalence of PE was 7.8% (CI 95%: 6.9%–8.7%). The most frequent PE risk factors were nulliparity (56%), age >40 years (27%), obesity (26%) and PE in any previous pregnancy (21%). The incidence of maternal adverse events was 28.7% (CI 95%: 23.1%–34.3%), including 5 deaths. The rates of prematurity, small for gestational age infant and fetal death were 58.2%, 49.7% and 6.7%, respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of PE in pregnant women in Tizi-ouzou is around 8%. The incidence of maternal and fetal adverse outcomes remains high. Only earlier diagnosis and closer monitoring could improve the prognosis of our patients, since the treatment of PE remains currently childbirth.

Download Full-text

Seroprevalence of Subclinical HEV Infection in Healthy Pregnant Urban Dwellers of Bangladesh: Identification of Possible Risk Factors

Journal of Enam Medical College ◽

10.3329/jemc.v8i2.36731 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 85-89

Author(s):

Gazi Zakia Sultana ◽

Md Moniruzzaman ◽

Tania Mannan ◽

Rosy Sultana

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Economic Status ◽

Education Level ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of

Background: Hepatitis caused by hepatitis E Virus (HEV) is not uncommon in developing countries. It is usually a self-limiting conferring immunity against subsequent infection. However, HEV infection during pregnancy results in varying degree of morbidity, often fatal. The present study was designed to find out the seroprevalence of subclinical HEV infection during pregnancy at different trimesters without history of hepatitis.Materials and Methods: A total 255 asymptomatic healthy pregnant women of three trimesters (85×3=255) with no history of jaundice were included in this cross-sectional study. The subjects were sub-grouped according to socioeconomic status and education level. HEV IgG antibody in serum was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results were expressed as number (percent). Chi-square, Odds Ratio and 95% CI were calculated as applicable. Data analyses were carried out using statistical package for social science for Windows Version 15.0. A p<0.05 was taken as level of significance.Results: Seropositivity for HEV IgG was 38% (96/255) in pregnant women; the higher percentages were recorded in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters − 41% and 46% respectively. The seropositivity of HEV IgG was significantly high in pregnant women with low education level ((p=0.001; OR=2.70, 95% CI=1.602−4.575) and low socioeconomic status (OR=7.54, 95% CI=4.118−13.029) having monthly income below 27,000 taka (p=0.001).Conclusion: Data concluded that seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG is higher at third trimester in pregnant women in Bangladesh where low socio-economic status and less education level were identified as possible risk factors. Appropriate measures may diminish the possible exposure to infection and reduce maternal mortality.J Enam Med Col 2018; 8(2): 85-89

Download Full-text

RISK FACTORS OF HIV-1 VERTICAL TRANSMISSION (VT) AND THE INFLUENCE OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (ART) IN PREGNANCY OUTCOME

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46652014000200008 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 133-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Maria F.M. Barral ◽

Gisele R. de Oliveira ◽

Rubens C. Lobato ◽

Raul A. Mendoza-Sassi ◽

Ana M.b. Martínez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Prenatal Care ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Pregnancy Outcome ◽

Vertical Transmission ◽

First Trimester ◽

Antiretroviral Drugs ◽

Vertical Transmission Of Hiv ◽

Hiv 1 ◽

In Pregnancy

In the absence of intervention, the rate of vertical transmission of HIV can range from 15-45%. With the inclusion of antiretroviral drugs during pregnancy and the choice of delivery route this amounts to less than 2%. However ARV use during pregnancy has generated several questions regarding the adverse effects of the gestational and neonatal outcome. This study aims to analyze the risk factors for vertical transmission of HIV-1 seropositive pregnant women living in Rio Grande and the influence of the use of ARVs in pregnancy outcome. Among the 262 pregnant women studied the rate of vertical transmission of HIV was found to be 3.8%. Regarding the VT, there was a lower risk of transmission when antiretroviral drugs were used and prenatal care was conducted at the referral service. However, the use of ART did not influence the outcome of pregnancy. However, initiation of prenatal care after the first trimester had an influence on low birth weight, as well as performance of less than six visits increased the risk of prematurity. Therefore, the risk factors analyzed in this study appear to be related to the realization of inadequate pre-natal and maternal behavior.

Download Full-text

Maternal factors of pre-eclampsia development

Reproductive Endocrinology ◽

10.18370/2309-4117.2021.58.102-106 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 102-106

Author(s):

L.I. Berlinska ◽

V.G. Marichereda ◽

M.Y. Holubenko ◽

O.M. Pavlovska

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Renal Disease ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Multiple Pregnancy ◽

Chronic Hypertension ◽

Maternal Factors ◽

Previous Pregnancy ◽

Maternal Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Anti Phospholipid Syndrome

Study objective: to determine the most important maternal factors for the pre-eclampsia (PE) prediction, which are used in screening of women when registered for pregnancy.Materials and methods. A prospective cohort study included 91 pregnant women in their first trimester; study period 2018–2020. The main group included 56 (61.54%) women with a number of maternal factors for PE development, and 35 (38.46%) were healthy females in the control group. Subgroups of women formed for females with and without PE – 28.57% and 71.43%, respectively.Results. Statistically significant values in the study of maternal factors were observed between subgroups of patients with and without PE for body mass index (BMI) prior to pregnancy (26.83 ± 1.29 and 26.03 ± 1.05) and height of pregnant women (163.35 ± 1.26 cm and 167.23 ± 1.02 cm), p <0.05. Among the risk factors that led to PE, statistically significant results were observed when combining the first pregnancy with a history of kidney disease (p = 0.033). Recurrent PE was observed when combined with PE history in mother (p = 0.011). Impact of chronic hypertension on the PE development was noted when the disease history was over 5 years. The combination of interval between pregnancies of 10 years and more and age >35 years was associated with PE (p = 0.008).During IVF PE developed in combination with such factors as BMI 30 kg/m2 and the interval between pregnancies over 10 years, 1.1% females had no other factors. History of renal disease and the age >35 years had an impact on the PE development in patients with anti-phospholipid syndrome. Analysis of the odds ratio of the isolated maternal factor showed the following indicators: PE during previous pregnancy – 6, multiple pregnancy – 2.56, anti-phospholipid syndrome – 2.56, first pregnancy – 1.83, in vitro fertilization – 1.72, obesity >30 kg/m2 – 1.65, PE in the mother – 1.57, age >35 years – 1.08, history of renal disease – 1, interval between pregnancies >10 years – 0.77 and chronic hypertension – 0.18.Conclusion. Thorough monitoring of maternal risk factors for PE should focus on PE during previous pregnancy. The second position is occupied by multiple pregnancy and anti-phospholipid syndrome. PE risk is increased for a combination of factors, especially with chronic renal disease and/or elevated BMI.

Download Full-text

Hepatitis E Virus Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and associated risk factors in southwest, Nigeria

Ife Journal of Science ◽

10.4314/ijs.v23i1.6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 51-62

Author(s):

O.A. Adesina ◽

O.C. Shodunke ◽

O.O. Adedara ◽

A.O. Oluyege

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Hepatitis E Virus ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Hepatitis E ◽

Immunoglobulin M ◽

Ongoing Infection ◽

Apparently Healthy

Hepatitis E is one of the most frequent causes of acute hepatitis worldwide, with an estimated 20 million infections and 70,000 deaths attributed to hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotypes 1 and 2 every year. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of HEV immunoglobulin M (IgM) in southwest (SW) Nigeria. Venous blood samples totalling 359 were collected from pregnant women on routine check, apparently healthy prospective blood donors and sick individuals presenting with fever and abdominal disturbance from health facilities in Ekiti, Lagos, Osun and Oyo states, of Nigeria. A structured questionnaire form was administered to gather socio-demographic data, health and travel history from each consenting participant. The screening for HEV IgM was done using HEV IgM ELISA kit. Statistical analyses, including descriptive analysis, correlations and binary logistic regression were carried out using SPSS version 21. In all, 131 samples (36.5%) tested positive for HEV IgM. Osun state had the highest occurrence of HEV IgM (n = 49; 13.6%,) while Ekiti had the least (n= 22; 6.1%). Apparently healthy participants with detectable HEV IgM were 52 (14.5%) while pregnant womenwere 51 (14.2%). Risk factors implicated in this study were flooding and injection drug use. The overall HEV prevalence reported in this study was higher than previous reports in Nigeria . Higher HEV prevalence in this study could be due to a larger coverage area in the country as well as detection of ongoing infection. The detection of HEV IgM in pregnant women and apparently healthy prospective blood donors indicated ongoing infection with risk of spread to susceptibles since HEV is neither routinely screened for among pregnant women nor among prospective blood donors. Keywords: Hepatitis E, IgM, Pregnancy, Apparently healthy, ELISA Depth, Geothermal Energy

Download Full-text

Early detection of postpartum depression (PPD) for women suffering high-risk pregnancy: An explorative study on self-perceived burden and other prenatal risk factors of immediate PPD among women hospitalized with threatened preterm labour1

10.21203/rs.2.20853/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Qianqian Ni ◽

GuiZhi Cheng ◽

An Chen ◽

Seppo Heinonen

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

High Risk ◽

Postpartum Depression ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Delivery Mode ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression ◽

Perceived Burden

Abstract Background: The mental health of pregnant women, particularly those with elevated risks, has been an issue of global concern. Thus far, few studies have addressed mental health of pregnant women with threatened preterm labour (TPL). In the present study, we investigated self-perceived burden (SPB) and postpartum depression (PPD) among hospitalized pregnant women with TPL, exploring the association of SPB with PPD, and identifying other potential risk factors of early PPD. Methods: A self- reported survey conducted in the Obstetrics Department of Anhui Provincial Hospital, People’s Republic of China. Women hospitalized with TPL were approached one week after delivery. One hundred fifty women were recruited from January 2017 to December 2017. Self-Perceived Burden Scale (SPBS), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were the main measures. Descriptive statistics, Spearman's correlation, and multiple logistic regression were employed for data analysis.Results: SPB and PPD were commonly experienced by women hospitalized with TPL, and SPB was positively and significantly correlated with PPD. A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that, for the women hospitalized with TPL during pregnancy, the emotional aspect of SPB (OR = 1.473, 95% CI = 1.141–1.903, p = 0.003), age (OR = 1.178, 95%CI = 1.056–1.314, p = 0.003), occupation (OR = 0.282, 95%CI = 0.095–0.023, p = 0.023), history of scarred uterus (OR = 0.163, 95%CI = 0.034–0.769, p = 0.022), delivery mode (OR = 5.974, 95%CI = 1.750–20.396, p = 0.004), and family support to women hospitalized with TPL during pregnancy (OR = 0.665, 95% CI = 0.498–0.887, p = 0.006) were the significant factors predicting early signs of PPD. Conclusion: This study indicated that SPB and PPD were prevalent mental issues among hospitalized women with TPL, and SPB, especially perceived emotional burden, is a strong predictor of PPD. Our study suggests the necessity of paying attention to mental health issues—especially SPB and PPD—among hospitalized women with TPL, as well as providing appropriate interventions at the prenatal stage to prevent adverse consequences. Perceiving support from family during pregnancy with high risk can help women in reducing the risk of PPD.

Download Full-text