A systematic review/meta-analysis of primary research investigating swine, pork or pork products as a source of zoonotic hepatitis E virus

SUMMARYThe objectives of our study were to identify and categorize primary research investigating swine/pork as a source of zoonotic hepatitis E virus (HEV) using the relatively new technique of scoping study, and to investigate the potential association between human exposure to swine/pork and HEV infection quantitatively using systematic review/meta-analysis methodology. From 1890 initially identified abstracts, 327 were considered for the review. Five study design types (cross-sectional, prevalence, genotyping, case-report and experimental transmission studies) were identified. A significant association between occupational exposure to swine and human HEV IgG seropositivity was reported in 10/13 cross-sectional studies. The association reported between pork consumption and HEV IgG seropositivity was inconsistent. The quantification of viral load in swine and retail pork, viral load required for infection in primates, cohort and case-control studies in humans, and formal risk assessment are recommended before specific public-health policy actions are taken.

Download Full-text

Epidemiology of hepatitis E virus infection in animals in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMC Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s12917-021-02749-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Abdou Fatawou Modiyinji ◽

Jean Joel Bigna ◽

Sebastien Kenmoe ◽

Fredy Brice N. Simo ◽

Marie A. Amougou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Hepatitis E Virus ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Hepatitis E ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Resource Limited ◽

Study Selection ◽

Language Restriction

Abstract Background Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of acute hepatitis in humans worldwide and have high burden in the resource-limited countries. Better knowledge of the epidemiology of hepatitis in animals in Africa can help to understand the epidemiology among humans. The objective of this study was to summarize the prevalence of HEV infection and distribution of HEV genotypes among animals in Africa. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we comprehensively searched PubMed, EMBASE, African Journals Online, and Africa Index Medicus from January 1st, 2000 to March 22th, 2020 without any language restriction. We considered cross-sectional studies of HEV infection in animals in Africa. Study selection, data extraction, and methodological quality of included studies were done independently by two investigators. Prevalence data were pooled using the random-effects meta-analysis. This review was registered in PROSPERO, CRD42018087684. Results Twenty-five studies (13 species and 6983 animals) were included. The prevalence (antibodies or ribonucleic acid [RNA]) of HEV infection in animals varied widely depending on biological markers of HEV infection measured: 23.4% (95% confidence interval; 12.0–37.2) for anti-HEV immunoglobulins G, 13.1% (3.1–28.3) for anti-HEV immunoglobulins M, and 1.8% (0.2–4.3) for RNA; with substantial heterogeneity. In subgroup analysis, the immunoglobulins G seroprevalence was higher among pigs 37.8% (13.9–65.4). The following HEV genotypes were reported in animals: Rat-HEV genotype 1 (rats and horses), HEV-3 (pigs), HEV-7 (dromedaries), and Bat hepeviruses (bats). Conclusions We found a high prevalence of HEV infection in animals in Africa and HEV genotypes close to that of humans. Some animals in Africa could be the reservoir of HEV, highlighting the need of molecular epidemiological studies for investigating zoonotic transmission.

Download Full-text

Effectiveness of Passion Fruit Peel Flour (Passiflora edulis L.) versus Turmeric Flour (Curcuma longa L.) on Glycemic Control: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Current Diabetes Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573399815666191026125941 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 450-456

Author(s):

Danilo F. Sousa ◽

Vivian S. Veras ◽

Vanessa E.C.S. Freire ◽

Maria L. Paula ◽

Maria A.A.O. Serra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Passion Fruit ◽

Joint Analysis ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Bias Analysis ◽

Fruit Peel ◽

Cross Sectional

Background:: It is undeniable that diabetes may cause several health complications for the population. Many of these complications are associated with poor glycemic control. Due to this, strategies to handle this problem are of great clinical importance and may contribute to reducing the various complications from diabetes. Objective: : The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the passion fruit peel flour versus turmeric flour on glycemic control. Methods: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis following the PRISMA protocol. The following inclusion criteria were applied: (1) Case-control studies, cohort studies, and clinical trials, due to the improved statistical analysis and, in restrict cases, cross-sectional studies; (2) Articles published in any language. The databases used for the search were PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and LILACS. A bias analysis and a meta-analyses were undertaken using R Studio (version 3.3.1) using effect- size models. Results: : A total of 565 studies were identified from which 11 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Through isolated analysis, the effectiveness of turmeric flour on glycemic control was in the order of 0.73 CI (Confidence Interval) (from 0.68 to 0.79) and the effectiveness of passion fruit peel flour was 0.32 CI (0.23 to 0.45). The joint analysis resulted in 0.59 CI (0.52 to 0.68). The assessment of blood glucose was by glycated hemoglobin levels. All values were significant at a p < 0.05 level. Conclusion: Both interventions showed significant effects on glycemic control.

Download Full-text

Burden of hepatitis E virus infection in pregnancy and maternofoetal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-020-03116-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jean Joel Bigna ◽

Abdou Fatawou Modiyinji ◽

Jobert Richie Nansseu ◽

Marie A. Amougou ◽

Moise Nola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Hepatitis E Virus ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Hepatitis E ◽

In Pregnancy

Download Full-text

Prevalence of hepatitis E virus among swine in China from 2010 to 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Microbial Pathogenesis ◽

10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104687 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 150 ◽

pp. 104687

Author(s):

Yu Chen ◽

Qing-Long Gong ◽

Qi Wang ◽

Wei Wang ◽

Xin-Yu Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Hepatitis E Virus ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Hepatitis E

Download Full-text

Risk factors leading to pulmonary exacerbation in patients with cystic fibrosis: A systematic review

Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association ◽

10.47391/jpma.04-515 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Danish Abdul Aziz ◽

Syeda Khadija Fatima ◽

Hasan Nawaz Tahir

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Nutritional Deficiencies ◽

Pulmonary Exacerbation ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Randomised Controlled

Objective: To ascertain major risk factors associated with pulmonary exacerbation and pulmonary function decline in cystic fibrosis. Method: The systematic review was conducted at Aga Khan University, Karachi, in September 2018, and comprised electronic search of PubMed, Ovid, Science Direct and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases of studies conducted from January 1990 to September 2018 which were categorised into 3 sets; 1990-98, 1999-2007 and 2008-18. Studies included for review focussed on articles with pulmonary exacerbation as the health outcome indicator, and had diagnosis of cystic fibrosis as the inclusion criteria, while risk factors were the exposure terms used in the search process. References in bibliographies of the included studies were also systematically searched for relevant documents. Results: Of the 60 studies obtained, 31(51.7%) were selected; 2(6.45%) from 1990-98, 7(22.58%) from 1999-2007 and 22(70.96%) from 2008-18. Overall, 17(54.83%) were cohort studies, 7(22.5%) were cross-sectional studies, 3(9.6%) were case-control studies, 3(9.6%) were randomised controlled trials and 1(3.2%) was systematic review and meta-analysis. In terms of major risk factors, genetic mutations were cited by 4(12.9%) studies, infections and inflammatory biomarkers by 15(48.4%), nutritional deficiencies by 9(29%) and geographical and socioeconomic status by 3(9.6%) studies. Conclusion: Early identification and recognition of risk factors associated with pulmonary exacerbation can have an explicit impact on its management, leading to decreased morbidity and mortality burden in cystic fibrosis cases. Key Words: Pulmonary exacerbation, Cystic fibrosis, Risk factors, Systematic review. Continuous...

Download Full-text

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Patients are Not at Higher Risk for Hepatitis E Virus Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms7120618 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 618

Author(s):

Pedro Lopez-Lopez ◽

Mario Frias ◽

Angela Camacho ◽

Antonio Rivero ◽

Antonio Rivero-Juarez

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Hepatitis E Virus ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Geographical Area ◽

Hepatitis E ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hiv Negative

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is the most common cause of acute hepatitis in the world. It is not well established whether people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are more susceptible to infection with HEV than people not infected with HIV. Many studies have evaluated this relationship, although none are conclusive. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess whether patients with HIV infection constitute a risk group for HEV infection. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), to find publications comparing HEV seroprevalences among HIV infected and uninfected populations. The analysis was matched by sex, age and geographical area, and compared patients who live with HIV and HIV-negative individuals. The odds ratio (OR) for patients with HIV was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.74–1.03) in the fixed effects meta-analysis and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.70–1.11) in random effects, with I2 = 47%. This study did not show that HIV infection was a risk factor for HEV infection when compared with those who are HIV-negative.

Download Full-text

Epidemiology of hepatitis E virus infection in animals in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

Systematic Reviews ◽

10.1186/s13643-019-1038-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Abdou Fatawou Modiyinji ◽

Jean Joel Bigna ◽

Fredy Brice N. Simo ◽

Moise Nola ◽

Marie S. Ndangang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Hepatitis E Virus ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Hepatitis E ◽

Analysis Protocol

Download Full-text

Urinary incontinence and quality of life: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Aging Clinical and Experimental Research ◽

10.1007/s40520-020-01712-y ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Damiano Pizzol ◽

Jacopo Demurtas ◽

Stefano Celotto ◽

Stefania Maggi ◽

Lee Smith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Urinary Incontinence ◽

Short Form ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Case Control ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sf 36

Abstract Background Urinary incontinence (UI) and low quality of life (QoL) are two common conditions. Some recent literature proposed that these two entities can be associated. However, no attempt was made to collate this literature. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing data to estimate the strength of the association between UI and QoL. Methods An electronic search of major databases up to 18th April 2020 was carried out. Meta-analysis of cross-sectional and case–control studies comparing mean values in QoL between patients with UI and controls was performed, reporting random-effects standardized mean differences (SMDs) ± 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as the effect size. Heterogeneity was assessed with the I2. Results Out of 8279 articles initially screened, 23 were finally included for a total of 24,983 participants, mainly women. The mean age was ≥ 50 years in 12/23 studies. UI was significantly associated with poor QoL as assessed by the short-form 36 (SF-36) total score (n = 6 studies; UI: 473 vs. 2971 controls; SMD = − 0.89; 95% CI − 1.3 to − 0.42; I2 = 93.5) and by the sub-scales of SF-36 and 5/8 of the domains included in the SF-36. Similar results were found using other QoL tools. The risk of bias of the studies included was generally high. Conclusions UI is associated with a poor QoL, with a strong level of certainty. This work, however, mainly based on cross-sectional and case–control studies, highlights the necessity of future longitudinal studies for better understanding the importance of UI on QoL.

Download Full-text

Does Vitamin D Deficiency in Different Periods of Gestation Have the Same Effect on Preterm Birth? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-15534/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

bin Yi ◽

Rui-han Lian ◽

Ping-an Qi ◽

Tao Yuan ◽

Pei-jing Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Second Trimester ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vitamin D Levels

Abstract Background: Current studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy can produce a certain effect for preterm birth, but there is no research showing whether vitamin D deficiency has a consistent effect in different pregnancies; thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 24 observational studies, grouping them according to the gestational age at the time of serum sampling, to investigate whether vitamin D deficiency in different periods of gestation has different effects on preterm birth and to provide an evidence-based basis for pregnant women to measure and supplement vitamin D. Methods: The databases PubMed-Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EBSCO, CBM, and CNKI were searched until July 2019. Two researchers independently assessed the eligibility and quality of studies, and STATA 12.0 software was used for meta-analysis. Result: Seven cohort studies, 13 case-control studies, and four cross-sectional studies were included from 2500 articles by inclusion and exclusion criteria. After adjusting for age, race, and other confounding factors, meta-analysis results showed that vitamin D deficiency in the first trimester, the second trimester and the third trimester did not increase the risk of preterm birth (odds ratio (OR) = 1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.88, 1.16), P = 0.867; OR = 1.12, 95%CI (0.92, 1.37), P = 0.249; OR = 1.05, 95%CI (0.87, 1.27), P = 0.602). However, there was moderate heterogeneity in the study of vitamin D deficiency in the second trimester, and subgroup analysis suggested that vitamin D deficiency in the second trimester may increase the risk of preterm birth (OR = 1.33, 95%CI (1.15, 1.54), P = 0.000). A sensitivity analysis of the second trimester showed that excluding any one study did not significantly change the results. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency in early and late pregnancy may not be associated with preterm birth, while vitamin D deficiency in middle pregnancy is likely to have an important effect on preterm birth. Vitamin D levels should be measured in the second trimester of pregnancy, and vitamin D supplements should be provided if necessary.

Download Full-text