Prevalence of Leptospira antibodies in wild boars (Sus scrofa) from Northern Portugal: risk factor analysis

SUMMARYLeptospirosis is a zoonosis of worldwide distribution, caused by infection with pathogenic spirochaetes of the genus Leptospira. The wild boar (Sus scrofa), an important hunting species in Europe, seems to play a significant role in the epidemiological cycle of leptospirosis. A total of 101 serum samples from wild boar hunted in Northern Portugal were analysed for leptospiral antibodies detection by microscopic agglutination test. Sera were collected during hunting seasons (2011–2013) and tested with 17 different pathogenic serovars of Leptospira. Antibodies against nine serovars were detected in 66 (65·4%) of these sera. Serovars Tarassovi and Altodouro exhibited the highest seroreactivity rates (23·8% and 16·8%, respectively), followed by Autumnalis (7·9%) and Bratislava (6·9%). Age and district of origin were found to be risk factors for the presence of leptospiral antibodies in contrast to gender. From a One Health perspective, this study revealed that wild boar should be considered as a potential source of leptospirosis dissemination for humans and animal species (domestic and wild) in shared environments, particularly in the Trás-os-Montes region.

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Identification of antibodies to Leptospira spp. in the spot-legged turtle (Rhinoclemmys punctularia) maintained in captivity

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n6supl3p3763 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (6Supl3) ◽

pp. 3763

Author(s):

Katarine de Souza Rocha ◽

Ianny Watuzy Monteiro Baia ◽

Louysse Helene Monteiro ◽

Juliana Maria Santos Miranda ◽

Thamillys Rayssa Marques Monteiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Animal Species ◽

Botanical Garden ◽

Wild Animal ◽

Agglutination Test ◽

Aquatic Environments ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Worldwide Distribution ◽

Leptospira Spp ◽

In Captivity ◽

Water Tanks

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis of worldwide distribution in which the agent can infect several animal species and accidentally humans. In view of the limited number of studies on anti-Leptospira antibodies in wild animal species, especially those living in aquatic environments, we sought in this study to investigate the presence of these antibodies in the spot-legged turtle (Rhinoclemmys punctularia) maintained in captivity in the Rodrigues Alves Botanical Garden–Amazon Zoobotanical Park, located in Belém, Pará State, Brazil. Serum samples were collected from 31 turtles, and identification of anti-Leptospira antibodies was performed using the microscopic agglutination test, using a collection of 31 live antigens which represent 19 serogroups of Leptospira. Among the analyzed samples, 54.83% (17/31) were observed to be reactive, and co-agglutination was detected in a further six samples which were not accounted for in the frequency of serogroups. The most frequently detected serogroups were Tarassovi 72.72% (8/11), Celledoni 18.18% (2/11), and Pomona 9.09% (1/11)], with titers ranging from 200 to 400, being this the first study to report infection of these serogroups in this species of chelonios. The animals were kept in water tanks, which probably favored the transport of the agent and allowed its transmission to the spot-legged turtle. We thus confirmed presence of anti-Leptospira antibodies in chelonians maintained in the Rodrigues Alves Botanical Garden.

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First Report of Echinococcus ortleppi in Free-Living Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) from Portugal

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9061256 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 1256

Author(s):

Teresa Letra Mateus ◽

Maria João Gargaté ◽

Anabela Vilares ◽

Idalina Ferreira ◽

Manuela Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wild Boar ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽

Sus Scrofa ◽

One Health ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Free Living ◽

First Report ◽

Wildlife Reservoirs ◽

First Time ◽

Echinococcus Granulosus Sensu Lato

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonosis that is prevalent worldwide. It is considered endemic in Portugal but few studies have been performed on Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato and their hosts. In this study, CE cysts are reported for the first time in a free-living wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Portugal. The presence of the metacestodes in the liver of the wild boar was identified by morphological features, microscopic examination and molecular analysis. The sequencing of part of the DNA nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS-1) region revealed a G5 genotype that presently corresponds to Echinococcus ortleppi. This is the first report of E. ortleppi in Portugal and to the best of the authors’ knowledge, in Europe. These results suggest that wild boar may be a host of CE, namely, crossing the livestock–wildlife interface, which has important public health implications. Wildlife reservoirs must be taken into account as CE hosts and surveillance of game as well as health education for hunters should be implemented using a One Health approach, with implementation of feasible and tailor-made control strategies, namely, proper elimination of byproducts in the field.

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Oocytes from gilts of domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) species exhibit similar developmental potential during in vitro maturation

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200598305 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 1998 ◽

pp. 178-178

Author(s):

N.S. Prathalingam ◽

K. Rust ◽

M.E. Staines ◽

G.J. McCallum ◽

S.A. Edwards ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wild Boar ◽

Sus Scrofa ◽

In Vitro Maturation ◽

Animal Species ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Developmental Potential ◽

In Captivity ◽

Breeding Programmes ◽

Sus Scrofa Domesticus

In vitro embryo production strategies have been considered as possible means to protect wild and endangered animal species through assisted breeding programmes. They also offer the possibility to preserve genetic material from such stock or to facilitate breeding in captivity. The relevant technologies, however, have been developed to meet the needs of oocytes and embryos of domesticated animals and their suitability for wild species remains largely unknown. This study investigated the ability of in vitro maturation procedures, designed for oocytes of domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus), to support the development of oocytes from wild boar (Sus scrofa)gilts.

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Aujeszky’s Disease in South-Italian Wild Boars (Sus Scrofa): A Serological Survey

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11113298 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 3298

Author(s):

Gianmarco Ferrara ◽

Consiglia Longobardi ◽

Filomena D’Ambrosi ◽

Maria Grazia Amoroso ◽

Nicola D’Alessio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wild Boar ◽

Sus Scrofa ◽

Pseudorabies Virus ◽

Viral Disease ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Hunting Season ◽

Campania Region ◽

Wild Boars ◽

Aujeszky's Disease ◽

Aujeszky’S Disease

Aujeszky’s disease (AD, pseudorabies) is a viral disease of suids caused by Suid Herpesvirus 1 (SHV-1) also referred as Aujeszky’s disease virus (ADV) or Pseudorabies virus (ADV). Domestic pig and Wild boar (Sus scrofa) are the natural host, but many species can be infected with ADV. The aim of our study was to evaluate seroprevalence of AD in wild boar hunted in the Campania Region, during the 2016–2017 hunting season. A total of 503 serum samples from wild boars hunted in the provinces of Campania Region (Southern Italy) were collected and were tested for antibody against ADV using an AD, blocking ELISA assay. A Seroprevalence of 23.85% (120/503, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 20.15–27.55) was found. Gender was not significantly associated with of ADV seropositivity (p > 0.05), while the presence of ADV antibodies was statistically associated with age (>36-month, p < 0.0001) and location (Avellino, p = 0.0161). Our prevalence values are like those obtained in 2010 in our laboratory (30.7%), demonstrating a constant circulation of ADV in the area.

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Oocytes from gilts of domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) species exhibit similar developmental potential during in vitro maturation

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0308229600033912 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 1998 ◽

pp. 178-178

Author(s):

N.S. Prathalingam ◽

K. Rust ◽

M.E. Staines ◽

G.J. McCallum ◽

S.A. Edwards ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wild Boar ◽

Sus Scrofa ◽

In Vitro Maturation ◽

Animal Species ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Developmental Potential ◽

In Captivity ◽

Breeding Programmes ◽

Sus Scrofa Domesticus

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First Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato DNA in Serum of the Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in Northern Portugal by Nested-PCR

EcoHealth ◽

10.1007/s10393-014-0973-4 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 183-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ana S. Faria ◽

Maria das Neves Paiva-Cardoso ◽

Mónica Nunes ◽

Teresa Carreira ◽

Hélia M. Vale-Gonçalves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽

Wild Boar ◽

Nested Pcr ◽

Sus Scrofa ◽

Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽

Northern Portugal

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Serological diagnosis and molecular characterization of Leptospira spp. in the blood and urine of bovine females from refrigerated slaughterhouses

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n3p1125 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 1125

Author(s):

Aliny Fernanda de Oliveira ◽

Roberta Torres Chiderolli ◽

Luciano Seraphim Gasques ◽

Arianne Peruzo Pires Gonçalves ◽

Érica Dourado Neves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

One Health ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Agglutination Test ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Leptospira Spp ◽

Blood And Urine Samples ◽

Polymerase Chain

Leptospirosis is an important socioeconomic disease in humans, as well as in domestic and wild animals, being caused by Leptospira spp. Bovine animals are considered reservoirs of this disease, because they intermittently disseminate the bacteria into the environment through their urine. In this way, the cattle an important source of Leptospira infection. The objective of this study was to detect Leptospira spp. antibodies and DNA in bovine females from two refrigerated slaughterhouses in the microregion of Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil. In particular, blood and urine samples from 52 crossbred bovine females older than 36 months from the two slaughterhouses were used. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was used to detect leptospiral antibodies, and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequent sequencing were used to detect Leptospira DNA. The MAT yielded 22 (42.3%) serum samples considered reagent, while the nested PCR test resulted in one amplified sample (1.9%) of 289 bp. This single sample was then amplified again using primers for the SecY gene (549 bp). Sequencing of this gene characterized the bacteria as L. borgpetersenii that were similar to the serovar Hardjo of the genotype Hardjobovis. This is the first molecular confirmation of Hardjobovis-like L. borgpetersenii in the urine of crossbred bovine females older than 36 months from slaughterhouses in the microregion of Umuarama. This study’s results show that it is important to combine serological and molecular diagnosis in the detection of Leptospira spp. Therefore, both methods were used to improve our understanding of the epidemiology of this disease in bovine animals from the microregion of Umuarama. In addition, the analysis informed the subsequent adoption of preventive measures and educational One Health actions to prevent economic losses related to the herd, as well as social losses related to workers and the environment.

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Cross-Reactivity of Porcine Immunoglobulin A Antibodies with Fecal Immunoglobulins of Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) and Other Animal Species

Immune Network ◽

10.4110/in.2016.16.3.195 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 195 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sang won Seo ◽

Sung J. Yoo ◽

Sunyoung Sunwoo ◽

Bang hun Hyun ◽

Young S. Lyoo

Keyword(s):

Wild Boar ◽

Sus Scrofa ◽

Animal Species ◽

Immunoglobulin A ◽

Cross Reactivity

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Sumateran wild boar (Sus scrofa vittatus) meat antibody production as immunodiagnostic reagent candidate

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2019.477-482 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 477-482

Author(s):

Melani Wahyu Adiningsih ◽

Retno Damajanti Soejoedono ◽

Rahmat Setya Adji ◽

Dwi Desmiyeni Putri ◽

Trioso Purnawarman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wild Boar ◽

Antibody Production ◽

Specific Antibody ◽

Sus Scrofa ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Meat Extract ◽

The Third

Aim: Meat authentication gives significance values in view of religious, food safety, public health, quality assurance, and legal concern. Most of the meat authentication is based on molecular assay; a simpler method to authenticate meat is needed to develop. An immunoassays technique may offer a solution for simpler test. The aim of our current study was to develop a polyclonal antibody of Sus scrofa vittatus (Sumateran wild boar) as an immunodiagnostic reagent candidate. Materials and Methods: Three male New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study for antibody production. Antigen used was meat extract of Sumateran wild boar, each rabbit was immunized with meat extract antigen (0.5 mg/ml) emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant at a 1:1 (v/v) ratio as much as 1 ml at subcutaneous route. Booster was carried out 3 times with interval time of 14 days, using meat extract antigen emulsified in Freund's incomplete adjuvant at a 1:1 (v/v) ratio. Serum samples were taken every week, start from 1 week after the first immunization up to 1 week after the third booster. Antibody purification was performed using ammonium sulfate precipitation and Protein A. The presence of specific antibody was determined using agar gel precipitation test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while purified specific IgG was characterized using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method. Results: Specific antibody was detected at 14 days after the first immunization and still detected until 2 weeks after the third booster. Highest absorbance of specific antibody was detected 1 week after the third booster. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that specific antibody of Sumateran wild boar is favorable to be produced in rabbit and showed that antibody produced is applicable to detect Sumateran wild boar meat antigen in immunodiffusion assay, indicating that it is promising as a reagent candidate in immunodiagnostic assay/kit.

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Brucellosis in wild boar (Sus scrofa) in the Republic of Croati

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/5684-vetmed ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 49 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 115-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Z. Cvetnic ◽

j. Toncic ◽

s. Spicic ◽

m. Lojkic ◽

s. Terzic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wild Boar ◽

Sus Scrofa ◽

Complement Fixation Test ◽

Complement Fixation ◽

Agglutination Test ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Natural Vector ◽

Brucella Suis ◽

The Republic

During the years 2001 and 2002 on seven localities in Croatiaa survey on the prevalence of brucellosis in wild boar was carried out. The survey included 271 (52.7%) female and 243 (47.3%) male animals between 7 months and 4 years of age and weighing from 14 to 135 kg. On that occasion 514 blood samples of wild boar were serologically analysed. For serological analysis indirect enzyme immunoassay (iELISA), Rose Bengal test (RBT), complement fixation test (CFT) and slow agglutination test (SAT) were used. In all of the wild boar from all of the localities investigated positive reactions to brucellosis were established. Most of the positive reactions were established by iELISA (13.6%), then by RBT (11.5%), CFT (10.5%) and SAT (8.9%). Tissue samples of 106 animals: testes samples from 67 animals, uterus tissue from 38 animals and 5 fetuses of piglets from 1 mother were analysed bacteriologically. Brucella suis biovar 2 was isolated from 18 (17.0%) animals that originated from all of the localities investigated. Isolates were identified by PCR using BRU-UP and BRU-LOW primers specific for genus Brucella and primers specific for IS711. Based on our results it could be concluded that in Croatia wild boar are natural vector and/or reservoirs of B. suis biovar 2. This permanent risk factor is hazardious for domestic and wild animals in theRepublic ofCroatia.

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