scholarly journals Identification of antibodies to Leptospira spp. in the spot-legged turtle (Rhinoclemmys punctularia) maintained in captivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6Supl3) ◽  
pp. 3763
Author(s):  
Katarine de Souza Rocha ◽  
Ianny Watuzy Monteiro Baia ◽  
Louysse Helene Monteiro ◽  
Juliana Maria Santos Miranda ◽  
Thamillys Rayssa Marques Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Water Tanks

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis of worldwide distribution in which the agent can infect several animal species and accidentally humans. In view of the limited number of studies on anti-Leptospira antibodies in wild animal species, especially those living in aquatic environments, we sought in this study to investigate the presence of these antibodies in the spot-legged turtle (Rhinoclemmys punctularia) maintained in captivity in the Rodrigues Alves Botanical Garden–Amazon Zoobotanical Park, located in Belém, Pará State, Brazil. Serum samples were collected from 31 turtles, and identification of anti-Leptospira antibodies was performed using the microscopic agglutination test, using a collection of 31 live antigens which represent 19 serogroups of Leptospira. Among the analyzed samples, 54.83% (17/31) were observed to be reactive, and co-agglutination was detected in a further six samples which were not accounted for in the frequency of serogroups. The most frequently detected serogroups were Tarassovi 72.72% (8/11), Celledoni 18.18% (2/11), and Pomona 9.09% (1/11)], with titers ranging from 200 to 400, being this the first study to report infection of these serogroups in this species of chelonios. The animals were kept in water tanks, which probably favored the transport of the agent and allowed its transmission to the spot-legged turtle. We thus confirmed presence of anti-Leptospira antibodies in chelonians maintained in the Rodrigues Alves Botanical Garden.

Prevalence of Leptospira antibodies in wild boars (Sus scrofa) from Northern Portugal: risk factor analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (10) ◽  
pp. 2126-2130 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. VALE-GONÇALVES ◽  
J. A. CABRAL ◽  
M. C. FARIA ◽  
M. NUNES-PEREIRA ◽  
A. S. FARIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
One Health ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Northern Portugal ◽  
Antibodies Detection

SUMMARYLeptospirosis is a zoonosis of worldwide distribution, caused by infection with pathogenic spirochaetes of the genus Leptospira. The wild boar (Sus scrofa), an important hunting species in Europe, seems to play a significant role in the epidemiological cycle of leptospirosis. A total of 101 serum samples from wild boar hunted in Northern Portugal were analysed for leptospiral antibodies detection by microscopic agglutination test. Sera were collected during hunting seasons (2011–2013) and tested with 17 different pathogenic serovars of Leptospira. Antibodies against nine serovars were detected in 66 (65·4%) of these sera. Serovars Tarassovi and Altodouro exhibited the highest seroreactivity rates (23·8% and 16·8%, respectively), followed by Autumnalis (7·9%) and Bratislava (6·9%). Age and district of origin were found to be risk factors for the presence of leptospiral antibodies in contrast to gender. From a One Health perspective, this study revealed that wild boar should be considered as a potential source of leptospirosis dissemination for humans and animal species (domestic and wild) in shared environments, particularly in the Trás-os-Montes region.

scholarly journals Detection of anti-Leptospira spp. agglutinins in captive South American river turtles, Podocnemis expansa

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-118
Author(s):  
Katarine de SOUZA ROCHA ◽  
Louysse Helene MONTEIRO ◽  
Juliana Maria SANTOS MIRANDA ◽  
Ianny Watuzy MONTEIRO BAIA ◽  
Thamillys Rayssa MARQUES MONTEIRO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
South American ◽  
Transmission Route ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
American River ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
Podocnemis Expansa ◽  
Infected Urine

ABSTRACT Leptospirosis is a zoonosis transmitted by contact with infected urine or water contaminated with the agent. Searches for Leptospira spp. in reptiles are scarce although most species have contact with aquatic environments. We evaluated the presence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in Podocnemis expansa housed at the Amazonian Zoobotanical Garden, in Belém, Pará state, Brazil. We analyzed 74 serum samples through the microscopic agglutination test using 31 live antigens from different Leptospira spp. serogroups. Thirty samples (40.5%) were positive against Leptospira spp., with titrations between 100 and 3,200 for one or more serogroups. The Hebdomadis serogroup was the most prevalent, with 26 (87%) out of the 30 positive samples, followed by Djasiman, with two (7%) and Celledoni and Bataviae with one (3%) sample each. The detection of anti-Leptospira spp. agglutinins in P. expansa suggests that the aquatic environment is a transmission route for this pathogen among chelonians.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Leptospira spp. Infection in Cattle from Central and Northern Madagascar

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 2014
Author(s):  
Theresa Schafbauer ◽  
Anou Dreyfus ◽  
Benedikt Hogan ◽  
Raphael Rakotozandrindrainy ◽  
Sven Poppert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Microscopic Agglutination Test ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Zoonotic Infection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Pathogenic Leptospira ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
Very High

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of global importance, especially in tropical countries. The current Leptospira spp. seroprevalence in cattle from central and northern Madagascar is unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence resulting from infections with pathogenic Leptospira spp. in zebu cattle from these areas. Serum samples from 194 animals were tested by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) using a panel of 12 serovars as antigens. Samples with a titer of ≥1:100 were considered positive. The overall seroprevalence was 59.3% (95% CI; 52.0–66.2%) with titers ranging from 1:100 to 1:1600. Among the seropositive animals, the most frequent antibody reactions were against serovar L. Tarassovi (serogroup L. Tarassovi) with 40.2% (33.3–47.5%), followed by L. Hardjo (L. Sejroe) with 13.9% (9.5–19.8%), L. Grippotyphosa (L. Grippotyphosa) with 9.8% (6.2–15.1%), L. Pomona (L. Pomona) with 7.7% (4.5–12.7%) and L. Autumnalis (L. Autumnalis) with 5.2% (2.6–9.5%). Less than 5% of the samples reacted positively against the remaining serovars. These results indicate a very high exposure of Malagasy cattle to Leptospira spp. which, consequently, poses a definite risk for people working with cattle acquiring this zoonotic infection.

scholarly journals Risk factors related to seropositivity for Leptospira spp. in horses in the Serra Catarinense region

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deise Keli Farias ◽  
Gabriela Dick ◽  
Silvério Bunn ◽  
André Thaler Neto ◽  
Carolina Rech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Leptospira spp. The consequences of infection in horses are unclear, and the serogroups involved vary depending on the region. This study aimed to evaluate the seropositivity of unvaccinated horses in the Serra Catarinense region and the possible risk factors associated with the infection. We used 207 horses from 26 properties, with no clinical history of infection and unvaccinated for leptospirosis. We submitted serum samples to the microscopic agglutination serum (SAM) to obtain the main reference serogroups. We considered animals with titre ≥100 as infected. The results of the serology revealed seropositivity in 45.4% (94/207) of the animals studied. The most frequent antibodies reportedwere those against the serogroups Australis 16.9% (35/207), Ichterhaemorrhagiae 14.4% (30/207), and Grippotyphosa 5.31% (11/207). Among the primary risk factors associated with the infection we reported extensive rearing system (OR = 1.27; P<0.05) and the presence of other animal species such as cattle (OR = 3.85; P<0.01) and capybaras (OR = 2.07; P=0.06). The findings presented in this study showed that leptospirosis is endemic in horses in the Serra Catarinense region, and revealed the need for emergency surveillance and control measures specific to this important zoonosis.

scholarly journals A serological survey of canine leptospirosis in the city of Belgrade, Serbia

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Dragica Vojinovic ◽  
Jadranka Zutic ◽  
Ana Vasic ◽  
Slobodan Stanojevic ◽  
Ljiljana Spalevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Serological Testing ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
The City ◽  
Sera Samples

Canine leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Leptospira. Dogs are one of the animal species involved in the cycle of preservation and transmission of leptospirosis in urban areas. Serological testing for the presence of specific antibodies against Leptospira spp. in dogs was continuously performed between 2010 and 2020 in the city of Belgrade. At the request of the owners themselves, other veterinary laboratories or laboratory clinics, 179 blood sera from 179 dogs were examined in the Laboratory for Immunology, Scientific Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia. Blood sera samples from dogs were examined using the standard microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for the presence of specific antibodies against seven different serovars of Leptospira: Pomona, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa, Sejroe, Canicola, Bataviae, and Australis. The number of seropositive dogs was 17/179 (9.5%). Among all examined sera, the highest titre of seropositive samples was to serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae (10/17, 58.8%), followed by Pomona (4/17, 23.5%), and serovar Canicola (3/17, 17.6%). Specific antibodies for serovars Grippotyphosa, Sejroe, Bataviae and Australis were not detected in any of the dog sera. Cross-reaction (the presence of two or three titres with different values where one of them was higher than others) between different serovars was diagnosed in a low number of sera (n=4), with the following serovars: Icterohaemorrhagiae and Pomona (n=3) and Pomona and Canicola (n=1). The confirmed specific antibody titres for Leptospira spp. were between 1:100 to 1:3000 (5 sera had titres of 1:100, 7 had titres of 1:300, 4 had titres of 1:1000, and 1 serum had a titre 1:3000). Monitoring canine leptospirosis is a useful tool in preventing leptospirosis in Belgrade.

scholarly journals Serological diagnosis and molecular characterization of Leptospira spp. in the blood and urine of bovine females from refrigerated slaughterhouses

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1125
Author(s):  
Aliny Fernanda de Oliveira ◽  
Roberta Torres Chiderolli ◽  
Luciano Seraphim Gasques ◽  
Arianne Peruzo Pires Gonçalves ◽  
Érica Dourado Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Leptospirosis is an important socioeconomic disease in humans, as well as in domestic and wild animals, being caused by Leptospira spp. Bovine animals are considered reservoirs of this disease, because they intermittently disseminate the bacteria into the environment through their urine. In this way, the cattle an important source of Leptospira infection. The objective of this study was to detect Leptospira spp. antibodies and DNA in bovine females from two refrigerated slaughterhouses in the microregion of Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil. In particular, blood and urine samples from 52 crossbred bovine females older than 36 months from the two slaughterhouses were used. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was used to detect leptospiral antibodies, and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequent sequencing were used to detect Leptospira DNA. The MAT yielded 22 (42.3%) serum samples considered reagent, while the nested PCR test resulted in one amplified sample (1.9%) of 289 bp. This single sample was then amplified again using primers for the SecY gene (549 bp). Sequencing of this gene characterized the bacteria as L. borgpetersenii that were similar to the serovar Hardjo of the genotype Hardjobovis. This is the first molecular confirmation of Hardjobovis-like L. borgpetersenii in the urine of crossbred bovine females older than 36 months from slaughterhouses in the microregion of Umuarama. This study’s results show that it is important to combine serological and molecular diagnosis in the detection of Leptospira spp. Therefore, both methods were used to improve our understanding of the epidemiology of this disease in bovine animals from the microregion of Umuarama. In addition, the analysis informed the subsequent adoption of preventive measures and educational One Health actions to prevent economic losses related to the herd, as well as social losses related to workers and the environment.

scholarly journals Aglutininas anti- Leptospira spp. em equídeos da região sul do Brasil abatidos em matadouro-frigorífico

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Renata Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Glaucenyra Cecília Pinheiro da Silva ◽  
Nivaldo Aparecido de Assis ◽  
Luis Antonio Mathias
Keyword(s):  
Agglutination Test ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Federal Food ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Inspection Service

The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in serum samples of horses slaughtered in an abattoir, under the Brazilian federal food inspection service, in the southern region of Brazil. We tested 767 blood samples from adult horses slaughtered from April to May, 2013. The animals came from 45 municipalities in the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, and Paraná. For the diagnosis we used the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). The results showed that 687 horses reacted to at least one of the 24 serovars of Leptospira spp., with titer equal to or greater than 100, representing 89.57% (95% CI: 87.41%–91.73%). The most likely serovars were Patoc (9.91%), Butembo (9.13%), Australis (7.82%), and Bratislava (5.87%). There was no significant difference (p = 0.2795) in the number of positive animals by state. The proportion of MAT-positive males and females differed significantly (p = 5.4444 x 10-5) since 85.26% (95% CI: 82.82%–88.70%) of the males and 94.44 (95% CI: 92.07%–96.81%) of the females were reactive. The results of this study demonstrate a high rate exposure to several serovars of Leptospira in slaughtered horses. For the protection of animal, public, and occupational health, we suggest attention to infections in this host in order to reduce the risk of leptospirosis.

scholarly journals Epidemiological characteristics of Leptospira spp. infection in bovine herds in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. e180127
Author(s):  
Renata Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Danila Fernanda Rodrigues Frias ◽  
Glaucenyra Cecília Pinheiro da Silva ◽  
Talita Ribeiro Silva ◽  
Nivaldo Aparecido de Assis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Serological Diagnosis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

The epidemiological characteristics of bovine leptospirosis in animals and herds in Mato Grosso do Sul were investigated to determine parameters such as disease frequency and the serovars reactant in beef cattle herds. A total of 4,629 beef cattle herds were examined against 33 Leptospira spp. serovars. The serum samples were submitted to the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for the serological diagnosis of leptospirosis. The MAT results showed that 3,814 (82.39%) of the 4,629 animals evaluated were seropositive for the bacterium, with serological reactions mainly to serogroup Sejroe, serovar Wolffi (36.49%). The observed high frequency of reactive animals demonstrates the relevance of the infection. Therefore, general and specific measures should be implemented to contain and/or prevent infection of the animals in the studied region.

scholarly journals Frequency of Leptospira spp. in sheep from Brazilian slaughterhouses and its association with epidemiological variables

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Costa da Silva ◽  
Veruska Maia da Costa ◽  
Fabio Hiroto Shimabukuro ◽  
Virgínia Bodelão Richini-Pereira ◽  
Benedito Donizete Menozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
The State ◽  
Rodent Control ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
Positive Serum ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Leptospirosis is a worldwide anthropozoonosis that infects livestock, including sheep as the carriers to other animals and humans. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of Leptospira spp. in sheep from two slaughterhouses in the state of São Paulo, Brazil and its association with epidemiological variables. Serum samples from 182 sheep were evaluated for Leptospira spp. antibodies by microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Results indicated 34/182 (18.68%; CI95% 13.70-24.98%) positive serum samples, mainly to the serovar Copenhageni (17/34; 50%; CI95% 33.99-66.01%). Bacterial growth in the Fletcher medium was detected for 13/34 (38.24%; CI95% 23.87-55.08%) animals, and confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequencing for only two kidney samples from two animals. Thus, treatment and vaccination of sheep, besides rodent control, can be useful to prevent the infection in the studied region since sheep are important Leptospira spp. carriers, and its transmission to slaughterhouse workers is mainly through the manipulation of visceral tissues.

scholarly journals Leptospira infection among human-close-contact animals in different geographical areas in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 003685042110317
Author(s):  
Le Thi Phuong Mai ◽  
Luu Phuong Dung ◽  
Phan Dang Than ◽  
Tran Van Dinh ◽  
Nguyen Tu Quyet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
The Status ◽  
Species Variability

Leptospirosis is a neglected disease in Vietnam. Only a few studies have evaluated the status of Leptospira infection in both humans and animals. To our knowledge, this is the first serological survey of Leptospira in both domestic and wild animals, which may act as reservoirs of this agent. This study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of Leptospira in animals that are in close contact with humans in different geographical areas in Vietnam. Sera were collected from 1205 individual animals of six species, including buffaloes, cattle, cats, dogs, swine, and rats. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) against 25 serovars of Leptospira spp. has been employed to detect serovars of Leptospira among the studied population. Overall, 44.2% of buffaloes, 24.9% of cattle, 10.2% of swine, 32.9% of dogs, 12.2% of cats, and 16% of rats were seropositive. A total of 17 different serovars were detected, of which serovars Hebdomadis and Canicola circulated in all the studied animal species. Variability of the predominant serovars circulating in animal species and in different geographical areas of Vietnam has been noted. We conclude that this study showed a high prevalence of Leptospira circulating in animals that are in close contact with humans, raising an alert of the important sources of pathogenic leptospires transmission to humans in Vietnam. These findings prove an imperative need for effective measures for disease prevention.

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