scholarly journals 2013 multistate outbreaks of Cyclospora cayetanensis infections associated with fresh produce: focus on the Texas investigations

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (16) ◽  
pp. 3451-3458 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. ABANYIE ◽  
R. R. HARVEY ◽  
J. R. HARRIS ◽  
R. E. WIEGAND ◽  
L. GAUL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
International Travel ◽  
The Other ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYThe 2013 multistate outbreaks contributed to the largest annual number of reported US cases of cyclosporiasis since 1997. In this paper we focus on investigations in Texas. We defined an outbreak-associated case as laboratory-confirmed cyclosporiasis in a person with illness onset between 1 June and 31 August 2013, with no history of international travel in the previous 14 days. Epidemiological, environmental, and traceback investigations were conducted. Of the 631 cases reported in the multistate outbreaks, Texas reported the greatest number of cases, 270 (43%). More than 70 clusters were identified in Texas, four of which were further investigated. One restaurant-associated cluster of 25 case-patients was selected for a case-control study. Consumption of cilantro was most strongly associated with illness on meal date-matched analysis (matched odds ratio 19·8, 95% confidence interval 4·0–∞). All case-patients in the other three clusters investigated also ate cilantro. Traceback investigations converged on three suppliers in Puebla, Mexico. Cilantro was the vehicle of infection in the four clusters investigated; the temporal association of these clusters with the large overall increase in cyclosporiasis cases in Texas suggests cilantro was the vehicle of infection for many other cases. However, the paucity of epidemiological and traceback information does not allow for a conclusive determination; moreover, molecular epidemiological tools for cyclosporiasis that could provide more definitive linkage between case clusters are needed.

A case-control study of risk factors of chronic venous ulceration in patients with varicose veins

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gohar Abelyan ◽  
Lusine Abrahamyan ◽  
Gayane Yenokyan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Venous Ulceration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Background/objectives Venous ulcers carry psychological and high financial burden for patients, causing depression, pain, and limitation of mobility. The study aimed to identify factors associated with an increased risk of venous ulceration in patients with varicose veins in Armenia. Methods A case-control study design was utilized enrolling 80 patients in each group, who underwent varicose treatment surgery in two specialized surgical centers in Armenia during 2013–2014 years. Cases were patients with varicose veins and venous leg ulcers. Controls included patients with varicose veins but without venous leg ulcers. Data were collected using interviewer-administered telephone interviews and medical record abstraction. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors of venous ulceration. Results There were more females than males in both groups (72.5% of cases and 85.0 % of controls). Cases were on average older than controls (53.9 vs. 39.2 years old, p ≤ 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, the estimated odds of developing venous ulcer was higher in patients with history of post thrombotic syndrome (odds ratio = 14.90; 95% confidence interval: 3.95–56.19; p = 0.001), with higher average sitting time (odds ratio = 1.32 per hour of sitting time; 95% confidence interval: 1.08–1.61; p = 0.006), those with reflux in deep veins (odds ratio = 3.58; 95% confidence interval: 1.23–10.31; p = 0.019) and history of leg injury (odds ratio = 3.12; 95% confidence interval: 1.18–8.23; p = 0.022). Regular exercise in form of walking (≥5 days per week) was found to be a protective factor from venous ulceration (odds ratio = 0.26; 95% confidence interval: 0.08–0.90; p = 0.034). Conclusion We found that reflux in deep veins, history of leg injury, history of post thrombotic syndrome, and physical inactivity were significant risk factors for venous ulceration in patients with varicose veins, while regular physical exercise mitigated that risk. Future studies should investigate the relationships between the duration and type of regular exercise and the risk of venous ulceration to make more specific recommendations on preventing ulcer development.

LDL subfractions in patients with myocardial infarction: effect of smoking and β-blocker treatment

2000 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodora G Theodoraki ◽  
Demokritos C Tsoukatos ◽  
Sonia-Athena Karabina ◽  
Loukianos S Rallidis ◽  
Nikolaos H Papageorgakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Density Gradient Ultracentrifugation ◽  
Ldl Subfractions ◽  
Β Blocker ◽  
Β Blockers ◽  
Control Study

The aim of the present case-control study was to estimate, by density gradient ultracentrifugation, LDL heterogeneity in myocardial infarction, and to evaluate the effect of smoking and β-blocker treatment on LDL subfraction profile. Our results show that patients who survive myocardial infarction have an abundance of small, dense LDL in their plasma, compared with controls. Patients who were on β-blockers and those who smoked showed a more atherogenic LDL subfraction profile than the rest. In patients on β-blocker treatment, the proportion of LDL3 was positively correlated with triglyceride concentration and body mass index. Dense LDL predominates in patients irrespective of smoking or β-blocker treatment. The relative risk, calculated by logistic regression as the odds ratio of high LDL3, was 7·5 (95% confidence interval 2·5-22·1) and was not significantly influenced when smoking, β-blocker treatment, triglycerides or the other parameters of the study were included in the statistical model.

scholarly journals Association Of Food And Drug Allergy With Antituberculosis Drug Related Hepatitis Or Skin Reactions: A Case Control Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Dinesh LB Dassanayake ◽  
BKM Asanga Upul ◽  
K Wickramasekara ◽  
SK Ileperuma ◽  
A Siribaddana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Skin Reactions ◽  
Dence Interval ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Introduction: Anti-tuberculosis drugs can cause adverse reactions including hepatitis and skin reactions. This case control study was aimed at fi nding out whether allergy to drug or food acts as a risk factor for the development of anti-tuberculosis drug induced hepatitis or skin reactions. Patients with tuberculosis on category 1 regimen, who presented to the Teaching Hospital Kandy Sri Lanka, due to anti-tuberculosis drug induced hepatitis or skin reactions from 1st July 2010 to 30th June 2011 were recruited. Methodology: Patients with drug induced hepatitis or skin reactions were grouped as cases and patients who didn’t develop hepatitis or skin reactions during the treatment period were selected as controls. Controls were matched for age, gender, weight, and consumption of alcohol. Cases and controls were inquired for the presence of allergy to drugs or food. Two groups were compared using odds ratio. Results: There were 61 cases [33 (54.1%) males, 28 (45.9%) females] and 61 controls .Ten patients (16.39%) among the cases had allergy to food or drugs while in control group only 2 (03.2%) had allergy. Odds ratio for the development of drug reactions in patients with a history of allergy was 5.8 (confi dence interval 1.2 to 27.6). Conclusion: Patients with allergy to drugs or foods have 5.8 times risk of developing anti-tuberculosis drug induced hepatitis or skin reaction. SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases & HIV/AIDS; 2013; X(2); 48-53 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v10i2.9714

scholarly journals Outbreak of cryptosporidiosis at a California waterpark: employee and patron roles and the long road towards prevention

2006 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. WHEELER ◽  
D. J. VUGIA ◽  
G. THOMAS ◽  
M. J. BEACH ◽  
S. CARNES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Onset Date ◽  
Recreational Water ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
The Public ◽  
Control Study

In August–September 2004, a cryptosporidiosis outbreak affected >250 persons who visited a California waterpark. Employees and patrons of the waterpark were affected, and three employees and 16 patrons admitted to going into recreational water while ill with diarrhoea. The median illness onset date for waterpark employees was 8 days earlier than that for patrons. A case-control study determined that getting water in one's mouth on the waterpark's waterslides was associated with illness (adjusted odds ratio 7·4, 95% confidence interval 1·7–32·2). Laboratory studies identified Cryptosporidium oocysts in sand and backwash from the waterslides' filter, and environmental investigations uncovered inadequate water-quality record keeping and a design flaw in one of the filtration systems. Occurring more than a decade after the first reported outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis in swimming pools, this outbreak demonstrates that messages about healthy swimming practices have not been adopted by pool operators and the public.

Marburg I polymorphism of factor VII–activating protease is associated with idiopathic venous thromboembolism

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 1549-1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berthold Hoppe ◽  
Farzaneh Tolou ◽  
Hartmut Radtke ◽  
Holger Kiesewetter ◽  
Thomas Dörner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

AbstractThe factor VII–activating protease (FSAP) variant Marburg I is known to attenuate the profibrinolytic system in vitro and was recently shown to be a significant predictor for the evolution and progression of carotid stenosis. The objective of this case-control study was to assess FSAP Marburg I's role in the occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The frequency of FSAP Marburg I was significantly increased in patients with a history of VTE (17 of 213 patients, 8.0%, P = .014) or idiopathic VTE (12 of 103 patients, 11.7%, P = .002) compared to healthy controls (5 of 213 controls, 2.3%). Logistic regression analysis confirmed FSAP Marburg I to be an independent risk factor for VTE (odds ratio, 3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-10.0) and idiopathic VTE (odds ratio, 6.2; 95% CI, 2.0-18.9).

scholarly journals Nationwide outbreak of Salmonella Montevideo infections associated with contaminated imported black and red pepper: warehouse membership cards provide critical clues to identify the source

2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (6) ◽  
pp. 1244-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. GIERALTOWSKI ◽  
E. JULIAN ◽  
J. PRINGLE ◽  
K. MACDONALD ◽  
D. QUILLIAM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Red Pepper ◽  
Manufacturing Plant ◽  
Outbreak Strain ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYIn November 2009, we initiated a multistate investigation of Salmonella Montevideo infections with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern JIXX01.0011. We identified 272 cases in 44 states with illness onset dates ranging from 1 July 2009 to 14 April 2010. To help generate hypotheses, warehouse store membership card information was collected to identify products consumed by cases. These records identified 19 ill persons who purchased company A salami products before onset of illness. A case-control study was conducted. Ready-to-eat salami consumption was significantly associated with illness (matched odds ratio 8·5, 95% confidence interval 2·1–75·9). The outbreak strain was isolated from company A salami products from an environmental sample from one manufacturing plant, and sealed containers of black and red pepper at the facility. This outbreak illustrates the importance of using membership card information to assist in identifying suspect vehicles, the potential for spices to contaminate ready-to-eat products, and preventing raw ingredient contamination of these products.

Pregnancy, Estrogen Exposure, and the Development of Otosclerosis: A Case-Control Study of 1196 Women

2020 ◽  
pp. 019459982096629
Author(s):  
Robert J. Macielak ◽  
John P. Marinelli ◽  
Douglas J. Totten ◽  
Christine M. Lohse ◽  
Brandon R. Grossardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Bilateral Oophorectomy ◽  
Estrogen Exposure ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Objective This study sought to determine whether a history of pregnancy or bilateral oophorectomy is associated with subsequent otosclerosis development or disease severity. Study Design Population-based case-control study. Setting Olmsted County, Minnesota. Methods Women diagnosed with otosclerosis were matched to 3 women without otosclerosis based on age and historical depth of medical records. Associations of prior delivery and bilateral oophorectomy with subsequent development of otosclerosis and with pure-tone average (PTA) at the time of otosclerosis diagnosis were evaluated. Results We studied 1196 women: 299 cases of otosclerosis and 897 matched controls. The odds ratio for the association of ≥1 delivery with otosclerosis was 1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.85-1.60; P = .35). Odds ratios for the associations of 1, 2, 3, or ≥4 deliveries with otosclerosis were 1.22 (0.83-1.80), 1.09 (0.71-1.68), 1.28 (0.77-2.12), and 1.00 (0.54-1.84), respectively. The odds ratio for the association of prior bilateral oophorectomy with otosclerosis was 1.12 (0.58-2.18; P = .73). In cases with otosclerosis, PTA at diagnosis was not significantly higher for women with ≥1 delivery as compared with those without (median 45 dB hearing loss [HL] [interquartile range {IQR} 36-55] vs 43 [IQR 34-53]; P = 0.18) but was significantly higher for women with bilateral oophorectomy compared with those without (median 54 dB HL [IQR 44-61] vs 44 [IQR 34-53]; P = .03). Conclusion These data do not support a relationship between endogenous estrogen exposure and development of otosclerosis. Women with otosclerosis who had a history of pregnancy did not have significantly worse hearing at the time of diagnosis, suggesting that pregnancy is not associated with disease severity.

scholarly journals P3: CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR IN HPV-POSITIVE ORAL CAVITY AND OROPHARYNGEAL CANCER

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Crotty ◽  
S Brennan ◽  
G Cousins ◽  
J Kinsella ◽  
T Moran
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Case Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Introduction HPV infection is recognised as the main aetiological factor responsible for the increased incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC). Currently the epidemiology of oral HPV infection and OPSCC is poorly understood. In this study we aim to define the relationship between sexual behaviours and HPV-positive OPSCC. Method We performed a hospital-based, case-control study of 30 patients with HPV-positive and 30 patients with HPV-negative newly diagnosed oral cavity and OPSCC. The participants underwent questionnaire based interviews investigating variables such as age, gender, tobacco use, alcohol intake, and sexual behaviour. Result Subjects in the HPV-positive tumour subgroup had significantly less tobacco use then their HPV-negative counterparts (odds ratio, 0.92, 95% CI 0.9-1.17). A history of oral sexual activity was significantly more likely in the HPV-positive tumour subgroup (odds ratio, 5.23, 95% CI, 1.66-16.51), however this association did not remain significant when adjusted for age, gender, smoking and alcohol consumption. Similarly, there was significantly less alcohol consumption overall in the HPV-positive tumour subgroup (odds ratio, 0.107, 95% CI 0.96-1.01), but this association was no longer significant when adjusted for covariables. Conclusion Significantly less smoking was prevalent in patients with HPV-positive OPSCC. Although patients with HPV-positive tumours had less alcohol consumption and a stronger history of oral sexual activity overall, greater numbers are required in order to show a significant association. This further supports the known association between HPV-infection and OPSCC and the department of health's decision to commence vaccination of boys before the onset of sexual activity. Take-home message HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer can develop without exposure to established risk factors such as tobacco use or excessive alcohol consumption. This change in pathogenesis should lead a change in how we prevent and manage the disease.

scholarly journals A case–control study in France showing that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with a higher risk of breast cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariem Hajji-Louati ◽  
Emilie Cordina-Duverger ◽  
Nasser Laouali ◽  
Francesca-Romana Mancini ◽  
Pascal Guénel
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Breast Cancer Subtype ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Tumor Subtype ◽  
Control Study

AbstractDietary regimens promoting inflammatory conditions have been implicated in breast cancer development, but studies on the association between pro-inflammatory diet and breast cancer risk have reported inconsistent results. We investigated the association between the inflammatory potential of diet and breast cancer risk in a case–control study in France including 872 breast cancer cases and 966 population controls. All women completed a food frequency questionnaire that was used to compute a Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) based on the inflammatory weight of 33 dietary components. The DII ranged from a median of − 3.22 in the lowest quartile (anti-inflammatory) to + 2.96 in the highest quartile (pro-inflammatory). The odds ratio contrasting quartile 4 to quartile 1 was 1.31 (95% CI 1.00, 1.73; p-trend = 0.02). Slightly higher odds ratios were observed in post-menopausal women, particularly those with body mass index > 25 kg/m2 (odds ratio 1.62; 95% CI 0.92, 2.83; p-trend = 0.02), and among ever smokers (odds ratio 1.71; 95% CI 1.11, 2.65; p-trend 0.01). The analyses by breast cancer subtype showed that the DII was associated with breast tumors that expressed either the estrogen (ER) or progesterone (PR) hormone receptors or the Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 (HER2), but no association was seen for the triple negative breast tumor subtype. Our results add further evidence that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with breast cancer risk with possible effect variation according to tumor subtype.

scholarly journals The association between diabetes and thyroid cancer risk: a hospital-based case-control study in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Wang ◽  
Wei-Wei Gong ◽  
Feng Lu ◽  
Ru-Ying Hu ◽  
Qing-Fang He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Family History ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Diabetes Duration ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Previous studies have indicated inconsistent relationships of diabetes with thyroid cancer risk, yet little is known in China. In this study, we aimed to investigate the associations between diabetes, diabetes duration and the risk of thyroid cancer in Chinese population. Methods A 1:1 matched case-control study was performed between 2015 and 2017 in Zhejiang Province including 2,937 thyroid cancer cases and 2,937 healthy controls. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for thyroid cancer were estimated in logistic regression models. Specific effects stratified by age, as well as sex, body mass index (BMI) and family history of diabetes were also examined. Results Overall, neither diabetes (OR = 0.75, 95 % CI: 0.21–2.73) nor diabetes duration (OR = 0.14, 95 % CI: 0.02–1.22 for diabetes duration ≦ 5 years; OR = 2.10, 95 % CI: 0.32–13.94 for diabetes duration > 5 years) was significantly associated with thyroid cancer. In stratified analyses, significant lower risk of thyroid cancer was observed among subjects with diabetes and shorter diabetes duration ( ≦ 5 years), but limited to those who were aged more than 40 years, female, overweight/obese and had positive family history of diabetes. Conclusions Diabetes and shorter diabetes duration were significantly associated with decreased risk of thyroid cancer in individuals characterized by older age, female sex, higher BMI and positive family history of diabetes.

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