A pigment analysis of feeding modes of Thelepus extensus (Polychaeta, Terebellidae) in relation to wave exposure at the Îles Kerguelen

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Riaux-Gobin ◽  
Bert Klein ◽  
Jean-Claude Duchêne
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Products ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Gut Content ◽  
Dense Population ◽  
Pigment Analysis ◽  
Exposed Site ◽  
Feeding Modes ◽  
Sheltered Site ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Deposit Feeding

Pigment analysis (HPLC and fluorometry) and light microscopy observations of the gut content of Thelepus extensus (Terebellidae) and surrounding sediments were carried out at two hydrodynamically contrasting sites at subantarctic Îles Kerguelen; 1) a sheltered site (Port-Raymond) with a dense population of large-bodied animals, and 2) an exposed site (Port-aux-Français) with a scarce population of smaller individuals. Chlorophyll a derivatives (phaeophorbide a-like) were the most abundant pigments in sediments and polychaete digestive tracts. The second important group of pigments consisted of five unknown carotenoids of which two were present only in the polychaete digestive tract. Pigments in the muddy sediment at the sheltered site appeared to originate from the grazing activity of the polychaetes, as suggested by the high concentrations of degradation products and the same phaeophorbides observed both in the sediment and in the gut contents. Material originating from the dense Macrocystis pyrifera (Phaeophyceae) and Ulvae (Chlorophyceae) cover constituted a large part of the polychaetes' diet at this sheltered site, as indicated by macroalgal debris in the gut contents and the presence of violaxanthin in the sediment and lutein/zeaxanthin in both polychaetes and sediments. The polychaetes seem to adapt their grazing mode to the environmental conditions, preferring suspension feeding in the sheltered site and deposit feeding at the exposed site. The different morphologies, behaviours and life spans of the two conspecific populations may by linked to the contrasting hydrodynamics of the two sites and to their respective diets.

Bias towards brown algae in determining diet and food preferences: The South African abalone Haliotis midae

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 623 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Day ◽  
P Cook
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Gut Content ◽  
Ecklonia Maxima ◽  
Haliotis Midae ◽  
High Concentrations

Previous studies of gut contents have suggested that Haliotis midae in South Africa feeds selectively on brown algae, and that the feeding preferences of this abalone might differ from other species in favouring tannin-rich foods in accord with an evolutionary hypothesis based on food availability. In the present study, H. midae specimens were starved for one month, then fed a variety of algae and frozen at intervals thereafter, to assess whether gut contents provide a good estimate of diets. Fragments of the brown kelps Ecklonia maxima and Laminaria pallida disappeared more slowly than did green or red algae from the abalone crop, as expected from work on H. rubra in Australia and the fact that the kelps contain high concentrations of phlorotannins. The apparent extent to which H. midae feeds on E. maxima, derived from gut content analysis, is biased. There is thus no good evidence that any abalone, faced with brown algae rich in polyphenolics, have adapted to select these foods.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of bacteria residing in the oral, gut, and fecal samples of different pheasant species

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mushtaq ◽  
S. M. Bukhari ◽  
S. Ahmad ◽  
A. Khattak ◽  
M. B. Chattha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Phasianus Colchicus ◽  
Gut Content ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Colony Forming Unit ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Abstract There is a paucity of research conducted on microbial prevalence in pheasants. The microbiota of captive birds has zoonotic significance and must be characterize. Present study is therefore planned to assess the microbiota from oral, fecal and gut content of captive avian species. It will be helpful in characterization of harmful microbes. Different samples taken from oral, gut and feces of ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus), green pheasants (Phasianus versicolor), golden pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus) and silver pheasant (Lophura nycthemera). Samples were collected, diluted, and inoculated onto different agar plates (MacConkey, SS agar, MSA and nutrient agar) for cultivation of bacterial species. Colonies of E.coli, Staphylococcus spp. Brachyspira spp. and Campylobacter spp were observed based on colony morphology. Colony forming unit showed E. coli as frequently found bacteria in fecal, oral and gut contents of all the above pheasants. The overall significance difference was found among bacterial species of golden pheasants, green pheasant, ring-necked pheasant, and silver pheasants. It was concluded that E.coli is predominant isolated from heathy pheasants followed by Campylobacter, Staphylococcus and Brachyspira.

scholarly journals Food and Feeding Habits of the Mola Carplet Amblypharyngodon mola (Hamilton, 1822) in Rice Field Ecosystem with Consideration of Water Quality Parameters

Our Nature ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Mostafizur Rahman Mondol ◽  
Dil Afroz Nahar ◽  
Somen Dewan ◽  
Md. Mosaddequr Rahman ◽  
Saleha Jasmine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Gut Content Analysis ◽  
Gut Content ◽  
Field Ecosystem ◽  
Food And Feeding ◽  
Plankton Population

The present investigation was conducted in the Agronomy field laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during May 1999 to August 1999 to reveal the food and feeding habits of Amblypharyngodon mola in the rice field ecosystem. Percentage of frequency of occurrence and percentage in number methods were used for the qualitative and quantitative estimation of plankton population. Results showed that, during the present study, the water quality parameters were within the suitable range for optimal fish growth and plankton population was abundant in the water of the rice plots. Gut content analysis of A. mola revealed a sum of 32 genera of phytoplankton belonging to Chlorophyceae (17), Euglenophyceae (2), Cyanophyceae (7) and Bacillariophyceae (6) and 8 genera of zooplankton under Rotifera (3), Cladocera (2) and Copepoda (3). In general, Navicula, Fragilaria, Chlorella, Chrysococcus, Closterium, Oscillatoria and Gomphosphaeria were found abundant both in the water of the rice plots and in the gut contents of A. mola indicating that, these genera are preferred food of this fish in the rice field ecosystem. Gut content analysis also exposed that, phytoplankton was the major food item constituting 94.38% of the gut contents’ composition of A. mola whereas zooplankton comprised only 5.62%. The results of this study conclude that, the A. mola is planktivorous in nature, feeding mostly on phytoplankton and could be a suitable species for integrated rice-fish farming.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v11i1.8245 Our Nature Vol.11(1) 2013: 61-75

scholarly journals Diurnal variations in the concentrations of volatile fatty acids in the alimentary tracts of wild rabbits

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J. Henning ◽  
F. J. R. Hird
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Excretion Pattern ◽  
Colon And Rectum ◽  
High Concentrations

1. Wild rabbits were caught during both phases of the excretory cycle and their gut contents were analysed for volatile fatty acids (VFA).2. All rabbits were found to have high concentrations of VFA in the caecum and in the proximal colon. Acetic was the most abundant acid followed by n-butyric, then propionic.3. VFA concentrations in the caecum and in the proximal colon of rabbits caught during the day and during the night were similar. Hard pellets from the distal colon and rectum of rabbits caught during the night had considerably less VFA than did the soft pellets from rabbits caught during the day.4. Owing to the ingestion of soft faeces, the VFA content of stomach material was greater in rabbits caught during the day than in those caught at night.5. The results are discussed in terms of the mechanism of the diurnal excretion pattern and the role of coprophagy in the rabbit.

scholarly journals Molecular analyses of gut contents: elucidating the feeding of co-occurring salps in the Lazarev Sea from a different perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 545-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Metfies ◽  
Anja Nicolaus ◽  
Lena Von Harbou ◽  
Ulrich Bathmann ◽  
Ilka Peeken
Keyword(s):  
454 Pyrosequencing ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Selective Feeding ◽  
Gut Content ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Dominant Component ◽  
Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer

AbstractThe diet of Antarctic salps was elucidated by investigating their gut content using automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) and 454-pyrosequencing. Salp samples were collected during the Lazarev Sea Krill Study in the western Weddell Sea (summer 2005–06 and 2007–08, autumn 2004 and winter 2006). Two salp species,Salpa thompsoniandIhlea racovitzai, both occur in the Southern Ocean and can overlap geographically and seasonally. We provide evidence that, despite the non-selective feeding mechanism, the two co-occurring salp species might have different niches within a habitat. ARISA-patterns of 93 gut content samples revealed strong differences between the two salp species, even at the same sampling site. These differences were confirmed by 454-pyrosequencing of the V4-18S rDNA of ten salps. The pyrosequencing data indicate that flagellates, in particular dinophyceae, constitute a high proportion of the sequence reads identified in the gut content of both salp species. However, within the dinophyceae, differences in the read composition were detected between the two salp species. This supports the findings of a previous study where fatty acid signatures indicate a flagellate-based diet, even though microscopic analyses identified diatoms as the dominant component of salp gut contents.

Analysis of fibrin formation and proteolysis during intravenous administration of ancrod

Blood ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 2793-2802
Author(s):  
Carl-Erik Dempfle ◽  
Sotiria Argiriou ◽  
Klaus Kucher ◽  
H. Müller-Peltzer ◽  
Klaus Rübsamen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Products ◽  
Monomer Unit ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Fibrinogen Concentration ◽  
Stroke Treatment ◽  
Soluble Fibrin ◽  
Fibrin Monomer ◽  
High Concentrations

Ancrod is a purified fraction of venom from the Malayan pit viper, Calloselasma rhodostoma, currently under investigation for treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Treatment with ancrod leads to fibrinogen depletion. The present study investigated the mechanisms leading to the reduction of plasma fibrinogen concentration. Twelve healthy volunteers received an intravenous infusion of 0.17 U/kg body weight of ancrod for 6 hours. Blood samples were drawn and analyzed before and at various time points until 72 hours after start of infusion. Ancrod releases fibrinopeptide A from fibrinogen, leading to the formation of desAA-fibrin monomer. In addition, a considerable proportion of desA-profibrin is formed. Production of desA-profibrin is highest at low concentrations of ancrod, whereas desA-profibrin is rapidly converted to desAA-fibrin at higher concentrations of ancrod. Both desA-profibrin and desAA-fibrin monomers form fibrin complexes. A certain proportion of complexes carries exposed fibrin polymerization sites EA, indicating that the terminal component of the protofibril is a desAA-fibrin monomer unit. Soluble fibrin complexes potentiate tissue-type plasminogen activator-induced plasminogen activation. Significant amounts of plasmin are formed when soluble fibrin in plasma reaches a threshold concentration, leading to the proteolytic degradation of fibrinogen and fibrin. In the present setting, high concentrations of soluble fibrin are detected after 1 hour of ancrod infusion, whereas a rise in fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products, and plasmin-α2–plasmin inhibitor complex levels is first detected after 2 hours of ancrod infusion. Ancrod treatment also results in the appearance of cross-inked fibrin degradation productd-dimer in plasma.

scholarly journals Galactooligosaccharides and Xylo-oligosaccharides Altering the Caecal Microbiome, Metabolome, and Transcriptome of Chickens Revealed by a Multi-Omics Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaowu Yang ◽  
Mohan Qiu ◽  
Chunlin Yu ◽  
Han Peng ◽  
Xiaoyan Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Myristic Acid ◽  
Transcriptome Sequencing ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Chicken Breast ◽  
Gut Content ◽  
Flavor Compound ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Backgroud Studies have shown that prebiotics could affect meat quality, but the underlying mechanism are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate whether prebiotics affect chicken’s meat quality through gut microbiome and metabolome. Methods The gut content were collected from chickens fed with or without prebiotics (galactooligosaccharides or xylo-oligosaccharides) and subjected to microbiome and metabolome analyses, and chicken breast was performed transcriptome sequencing. Results The prebiotics altered proportions of microbiota in gut contents at different levels, especially microbiota in the phylum of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, such as genus of Alistipes, Bacteroides, and Faecalibacterium. The prebiotics also altered contents of caecal metabolites such as lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC), intramuscular fat and flavor compound (Benzaldehyde and myristic acid). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) induced by prebiotics were significantly involved in regulation of lipolysis inadipocytes and adipocytokine signaling pathway. Changes in gut microbiota and metabolites were remarkably correlated such as Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes was respectively positively and negatively correlated with lysoPC. DEGs were also interacted with caecal metabolites. Conclusion These findings integrated and incorporated link among gut microbiota, metabolites and transcriptome, which proposed prebiotics may affect meat quality and flavor of chickens.

scholarly journals THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT IN CORAL REEFS OF THE TAYRONA NATIONAL NATURAL PARK (COLOMBIAN CARIBBEAN) IN RESPONSE TO SEASONAL UPWELLING

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Bayraktarov ◽  
Martha L Bastidas Salamanca ◽  
Christian Wild
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Current Velocity ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Exposed Site ◽  
Water Currents ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
Water Current Velocity ◽  
Sheltered Site

Coral reefs are subjected to physical changes in their surroundings including wind velocity, water temperature, and water currents that can affect ecological processes on different spatial and temporal scales. However, the dynamics of these physical variables in coral reef ecosystems are poorly understood. In this context, Tayrona National Natural Park (TNNP) in the Colombian Caribbean is an ideal study location because it contains coral reefs and is exposed to seasonal upwelling that strongly changes all key physical factors mentioned above. This study therefore investigated wind velocity and water temperature over two years, as well as water current velocity and direction for representative months of each season at a windand wave-exposed and a sheltered coral reef site in one exemplary bay of TNNP using meteorological data, temperature loggers, and an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) in order to describe the spatiotemporal variations of the physical environment. Findings revealed that water temperatures (28.7 ± 0.8 °C and maximal 30.3 °C during non-upwelling; 25.1 ± 1.7 °C and minimal 20.3 °C during upwelling) exhibited no significant differences between sites and were negatively correlated with wind velocities (0.4 ± 0.3 m s-1 during non-upwelling and 1.8 ± 1.0 m s-1 with a maximum of 4.1 m s-1 during upwelling). Water current velocity was significantly higher at the exposed compared to the sheltered site during non-upwelling periods at a water depth of 8-10 m. During upwelling, water current velocities were also higher at the exposed site (6.4 cm s-1 exposed and 5.9 cm s-1 sheltered), but when wind speed surpassed 1.7 m s-1, no spatial differences occurred. Water currents showed a clockwise circulation during upwelling following the wind fields, but no clear circulation pattern during non-upwelling. Significant positive correlation between wind and water current velocity was detected at the sheltered, but not at the exposed site. Wind-stress at the exposed site affected water currents throughout the entire water column (at least 10 m deep) during both seasons, but reached only until 3-4 m water depth at the sheltered site during non-upwelling and down to 10 m during upwelling. Consequently, organisms at the exposed site experience constantly high water current exposure throughout the year. This may explain the pronounced site-specific reef community composition differences as water current velocity and circulation control distribution of invertebrate larvae and supply with plankton and essential nutrients.

scholarly journals Pretreatment Method for DNA Barcoding to Analyze Gut Contents of Rotifers

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-Ji Oh ◽  
Paul Henning Krogh ◽  
Hyun-Gi Jeong ◽  
Gea-Jae Joo ◽  
Ihn-Sil Kwak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Gut Content ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Pretreatment Method ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Rotifer Species

We designed an experiment to analyze the gut content of Rotifera based on DNA barcoding and tested it on Asplanchna sp. in order to ensure that the DNA extracted from the rotifer species is from the food sources within the gut. We selected ethanol fixation (60%) to minimize the inflow effects of treated chemicals, and commercial bleach (the final concentration of 2.5%, for 210 s) to eliminate the extracellular DNA without damage to the lorica. Rotifers have different lorica structures and thicknesses. Therefore, we chose a pretreatment method based on Asplanchna sp., which is known to have weak durability. When we used the determined method on a reservoir water sample, we confirmed that the DNA fragments of Chlorophyceae, Diatomea, Cyanobacteria, and Ciliophora were removed. Given this result, Diatomea and cyanobacteria, detected from Asplanchna, can be considered as gut contents. However, bacteria were not removed by bleach, thus there was still insufficient information. Since the results of applying commercial bleach to rotifer species confirmed that pretreatment worked effectively for some species of rotifers food sources, in further studies, it is believed to be applicable to the gut contents analysis of more diverse rotifers species and better DNA analysis techniques by supplementing more rigorous limitations.

scholarly journals Novel [NiFe]- and [FeFe]-Hydrogenase Gene Transcripts Indicative of Active Facultative Aerobes and Obligate Anaerobes in Earthworm Gut Contents

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (17) ◽  
pp. 5842-5850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Schmidt ◽  
Pia K. Wüst ◽  
Susanne Hellmuth ◽  
Katharina Borst ◽  
Marcus A. Horn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Redox Conditions ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Redox Potentials ◽  
Gut Content ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hydrogenase Gene ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Gene Transcripts ◽  
Earthworm Gut

ABSTRACTThe concomitant occurrence of molecular hydrogen (H2) and organic acids along the alimentary canal of the earthworm is indicative of ongoing fermentation during gut passage. Fermentative H2production is catalyzed by [FeFe]-hydrogenases and group 4 [NiFe]-hydrogenases in obligate anaerobes (e.g.,Clostridiales) and facultative aerobes (e.g.,Enterobacteriaceae), respectively, functional groups that might respond differently to contrasting redox conditions. Thus, the objectives of this study were to assess the redox potentials of the alimentary canal ofLumbricus terrestrisand analyze the hydrogenase transcript diversities of H2producers in glucose-supplemented gut content microcosms. Although redox potentials in the core of the alimentary canal were variable on an individual worm basis, average redox potentials were similar. The lowest redox potentials occurred in the foregut and midgut regions, averaging 40 and 110 mV, respectively. Correlation plots between hydrogenase amino acid sequences and 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that closely related hydrogenases belonged to closely related taxa, whereas distantly related hydrogenases did not necessarily belong to distantly related taxa. Of 178 [FeFe]-hydrogenase gene transcripts, 177 clustered in 12Clostridiales-affiliated operational taxonomic units, the majority of which were indicative of heretofore unknown hydrogenases. Of 86 group 4 [NiFe]-hydrogenase gene transcripts, 79% and 21% were affiliated with organisms in theEnterobacteriaceaeandAeromonadaceae, respectively. The collective results (i) suggest that fermenters must cope with variable and moderately oxidative redox conditions along the alimentary canal, (ii) demonstrate that heretofore undetected hydrogenases are present in the earthworm gut, and (iii) corroborate previous findings implicatingClostridiaceaeandEnterobacteriaceaeas active fermentative taxa in earthworm gut content.

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