Resilience in children threatened by extreme adversity: Frameworks for research, practice, and translational synergy

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann S. Masten
Keyword(s):  
Research Evidence ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Resilience Theory ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
Positive Adaptation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Parallel Frameworks ◽  
Original Objective ◽  
Resilience Science

AbstractThis article delineates parallel frameworks that grew out of the research on risk and resilience over the past four decades, a framework for research and a framework for practice, and then discusses the promise of an emerging synthesis. The research framework defined the meaning, models, and methods that successfully guided four waves of research to date on the nature and processes involved in human resilience. The applied framework emerged in response to urgent needs of children and families faced by adversity and those charged with helping them, resulting in guidelines for translating the unfolding but incomplete research evidence into action. The application of a resilience approach transformed practice in many fields concerned with promoting resilience in people at risk for problems, revolutionizing the mission, models, measures, and methods of practice to align with the emphasis on positive adaptation and strengths defining a resilience-based approach. Yet these interventions rarely translated back to inform and refine resilience theory in ways that would accelerate progress to promote resilience more effectively. The concluding section on translational synergy discusses the potential for a synthesis of basic and applied resilience frameworks as the next steps toward realizing the original objective and promise of resilience science.

Risk and Resilience in Development

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann S. Masten
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Positive Adaptation ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Resilience Science

Findings from five decades of research on risk and resilience in children and youth are highlighted in this chapter, with a focus on positive adaptation in the context of conditions that could pose a significant threat to function or development. The origins of developmental research on risk and resilience are briefly reviewed, followed by definitions of core concepts, and an overview with illustrations of central models that have guided this body of work. Findings on promotive and protective factors for resilience across diverse studies of children and youth show striking consistency, suggesting that fundamental adaptive systems support and protect human adaptation and development in the context of adversity. Exciting new technologies and scientific advances in molecular genetics, neuroscience, and the methods for studying dynamic, interdependent systems have opened new horizons for research on risk and resilience. The rising wave of future resilience science is focused on multiple levels of analysis and their integration, ranging from neurobiological processes of resilience to preparations for surviving large-scale disasters.

scholarly journals Beyond Mindfulness

Open Theology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Plante
Keyword(s):  
Research Evidence ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Religion And Spirituality ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Quality Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Enormous Amount ◽  
Consulting Psychology ◽  
Areas Of Interest

AbstractSince the publication of Bergin’s classic 1980 paper “Psychotherapy and Religious Values” in the Journal of Clinical and Consulting Psychology, an enormous amount of quality research has been conducted on the integration of religious and spiritual values and perspectives into the psychotherapy endeavor. Numerous empirical studies, chapters, books, blogs, and specialty organizations have emerged in the past 35 years that have helped researchers and clinicians alike come to appreciate the value of religion and spirituality in the psychotherapeutic process. While so much has been accomplished in this area of integration, so much more needs to occur in order for the psychotherapeutic world to benefit from the wisdom of the great religious and spiritual traditions and values. While state-of-the-art quality research has and continues to demonstrate how religious and spiritual practices and values can be used effectively to enhance the benefits of behavioral and psychological interventions, too often the field either gets overly focused on particular and perhaps trendy areas of interest (e.g., mindfulness) or fails to appreciate and incorporate the research evidence supporting (or not supporting) the use of certain religiously or spiritually informed assessments and interventions. The purpose of this article is to reflect on where the field integrating religion, spirituality and psychotherapy has evolved through the present and where it still needs to go in the future. In doing so I hope to reflect on the call for integration that Bergin highlights in his classic 1980 paper.

scholarly journals Drug information update. Lithium and chronic kidney disease: Debates and dilemmas

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumeet Gupta ◽  
Udayan Khastgir
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
Information Update ◽  
Resistant Depression

SummaryLithium is an established treatment for bipolar disorder and an augmenting agent for treatment-resistant depression. Despite awareness of renal adverse effects, including chronic kidney disease, for the past five decades, there has been a lack of research evidence. This has led to debates around the existence and magnitude of the risk. This article discusses the current evidence base regarding the link between lithium and chronic kidney disease, monitoring of renal functions and its clinical implications.

“Two Eyes on the Past”

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-92
Author(s):  
James Waller
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Daily Exercise ◽  
History Of

The past in Northern Ireland is always present and always contested. This chapter is not a rehashing of the complex history of the north of Ireland nor is it an attempt to place blame for the origin or continuation of the sectarian divide that defines it. A legion of scholars have addressed the former, and the latter—“the conflict about the conflict”—is a daily exercise for most everyone in Northern Ireland. Rather, this chapter offers a broad survey of that scarified history in recognition that understanding the origins of those competing social identities and the ways in which they became cemented over generations, is essential context and a necessary reference point for our coming analysis of risk and resilience in contemporary Northern Ireland.

Remote and rural dementia care: why is this important for policy, research, practice and the lived experience of dementia?

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Anthea Innes ◽  
Debra Morgan ◽  
Jane Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Dementia Care ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Policy Practice

This chapter sets out the need for a focus on remote and rural dementia care. It highlights the need to consider the interconnections between policy, practice and research evidence and the lived experience of people living with dementia in remote and rural areas. The chapter provides an overview of the structure and aims of the book.

scholarly journals What influences PhD graduate trajectories during the degree: a research-based policy agenda

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 1011-1043
Author(s):  
Lynn McAlpine ◽  
Montserrat Castello ◽  
Kirsi Pyhaltö
Keyword(s):  
Research Evidence ◽  
Doctoral Programs ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Critical Research ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
The Past ◽  
Timely Completion ◽  
Systematized Review ◽  
Institutional Contexts ◽  
Doctoral Experience

AbstractDuring the past two decades, PhD graduate numbers have increased dramatically with graduates viewed by governments as a means to advance the knowledge economy and international competitiveness. Concurrently, universities have also invested in policies to monitor satisfaction, retention, and timely completion—and researchers have expanded the study of PhD experience. We, as such researchers, have increasingly received invitations from university decision-makers to present research evidence which might guide their doctoral programs. Their interest provoked us to do a qualitative systematized review of research on doctoral experience—seeking evidence of practices that influenced retention, satisfaction, and completion. The result contributes a synthesis of the critical research evidence that could be used to inform doctoral education policy. We also demonstrate the possibilities of such evidence by suggesting some potential recommendations, while recognizing that there is no direct relationship between research results and their transformation into particular institutional contexts in ways that enhance doctoral experience. We hope our initiative will be taken up and extended by other researchers, particularly the research gaps we note, so we can collectively support the use of research evidence to influence both doctoral policies and practices—with the goal to better prepare PhD researchers for their futures and better support their supervisors.

Introduction: Emerging Adulthood Theory and Research

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Jensen Arnett
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
The Past ◽  
Aims And Scope ◽  
Explosive Expansion ◽  
To Come

This chapter provides an introduction to the Oxford Handbook of Emerging Adulthood. It begins with an overview of the aims and scope of the handbook. Then it summarizes briefly the content of the chapters to come. The handbook is comprised of 35 chapters organized into 10 parts, with each part containing from two to six chapters. The chapters cover a broad range of areas, from structural factors (such as social class) to relationships (from family to friends) to risk and resilience. The final section of this introductory chapter presents suggestions for the future of the field. The explosive expansion of the field over the past 15 years is noted, and suggestions are made for the field to focus more on EAs who do not attend college, devote more research to international variations in EA, and examine the transition from EA to the next life stage.

Reflexive Qualitative Research

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Luttrell
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
The Past ◽  
Reflexive Practice ◽  
Research Relationships ◽  
Collective Ethos

Reflexivity can be regarded as part of a continuous research practice. Qualitative researchers work within and across social differences (e.g., cultural, class, race, gender, generation) and this requires them to navigate different layers of self-awareness—from unconscious to semiconscious to fully conscious. Because researchers can be aware on one level but not on others, reflexivity is facilitated by using an eclectic and expansive toolkit for examining the role of the researcher, researcher-researched relationships, power, privilege, emotions, positionalities, and different ways of seeing. Over the past fifty years, there has been a progression of reflexive practice as well as disciplinary debates about how much self-awareness and transparency are enough and how much is too much. The shift can be traced from the early practitioners of ethnography who did not reflect on their positions, power or feelings (or at least make these reflections public), to those who acknowledged that their emotions could be both revealing and distorting, to those who interrogated their multiple positionalities (mostly in terms of the blinders of Western/race/class/gender/generation), to those calling for the mixing and blurring of different genres of representation as important tools of reflexivity. Reflexivity is not a solitary process limited to critical self-awareness, but derives from a collective ethos and humanizes rather than objectifies research relationships and the knowledge that is created.

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