scholarly journals The dynamics of internalizing and externalizing comorbidity across the early school years

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4pt1) ◽  
pp. 1033-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia J. Willner ◽  
Lisa M. Gatzke-Kopp ◽  
Bethany C. Bray
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Transition Analysis ◽  
Symptom Profiles ◽  
Symptom Profile ◽  
Developmental Course ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

AbstractHigh rates of comorbidity are observed between internalizing and externalizing problems, yet the developmental dynamics of comorbid symptom presentations are not yet well understood. This study explored the developmental course of latent profiles of internalizing and externalizing symptoms across kindergarten, first grade, and second grade. The sample consisted of 336 children from an urban, low-income community, selected based on relatively high (61%) or low (39%) aggressive/oppositional behavior problems at school entry (64% male; 70% African American, 20% Hispanic). Teachers reported on children's symptoms in each year. An exploratory latent profile analysis of children's scores on aggression/oppositionality, hyperactivity/inattention, anxiety, and social withdrawal symptom factors revealed four latent symptom profiles: comorbid (48% of the sample in each year), internalizing (19%–23%), externalizing (21%–22%), and well-adjusted (7%–11%). The developmental course of these symptom profiles was examined using a latent transition analysis, which revealed remarkably high continuity in the comorbid symptom profile (89% from one year to the next) and moderately high continuity in both the internalizing and externalizing profiles (80% and 71%, respectively). Internalizing children had a 20% probability of remitting to the well-adjusted profile by the following year, whereas externalizing children had a 25% probability of transitioning to the comorbid profile. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that a common vulnerability factor contributes to developmentally stable internalizing–externalizing comorbidity, while also suggesting that some children with externalizing symptoms are at risk for subsequently accumulating internalizing symptoms.

scholarly journals Externalizing and internalizing symptoms and coping strategies in young victims of abuse

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Moreno-Manso ◽  
Mª. Elena García-Baamonde ◽  
Eloísa Guerrero-Barona ◽  
Mª. José Godoy-Merino ◽  
Mónica Guerrero-Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Coping Style ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Symptoms

AbstractThis research analyses the internalizing and externalizing symptoms and the coping strategies of young victims of abuse. These young people are in residential care under protective measures due to abuse. The participants were 61 youths (32 male and 29 female) between 12 and 17 years of age. Different works of research stress the need for an early identification of the psychopathological symptomatology that these adolescents may present in order to provide an adequate psycho-educational intervention. The relationship between the adolescents’ psychopathological symptomatology and the coping strategies and styles they use to resolve problems is studied. It is also analyzed whether internalizing and externalizing problems predict the style and coping strategies of adolescents. Two tests were used: 1. Child and Adolescent Evaluation System (SENA); 2. Adolescent Coping Scales (ACS). The results indicate that young victims of abuse have internalizing and externalizing symptoms. These adolescents are characterized by an unproductive coping style, as well as by the use of coping strategies that are not very functional and ineffective for resolving conflicts. The psychopathological symptomatology is related to and predicts an unproductive coping style, badly adapted to solving daily problems (worrying, blaming oneself, not coping, ignoring the problem, or keeping it to oneself). This research has allowed us to identify the presence of several areas of vulnerability in these young persons which could be playing an important role in their psychosocial maladjustment. The research suggests the design of intervention strategies, for both groups and individuals, aimed at mitigating and modifying the sources of the problems in victims of child abuse.

Transdiagnostic dimensions in obsessive-compulsive and related disorders: associations with internalizing and externalizing symptoms

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ivar Snorrason ◽  
Courtney Beard ◽  
Andrew D. Peckham ◽  
Thröstur Björgvinsson
Keyword(s):  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Order Structure ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Cravings ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Symptoms

Abstract Background Hierarchical structural models of psychopathology rarely extend to obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders. The current study sought to examine the higher-order structure of the obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs) in DSM-5: obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), hoarding disorder (HD), body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder; HPD) and excoriation (skin-picking) disorder (SPD). Methods Adult patients in a partial hospital program (N = 532) completed a dimensional measure of the five OCRDs. We used confirmatory factor analysis to identify the optimal model of the comorbidity structure. We then examined the associations between the transdiagnostic factors and internalizing and externalizing symptoms (i.e. depression, generalized anxiety, neuroticism, and drug/alcohol cravings). Results The best fitting model included two correlated higher-order factors: an obsessions-compulsions (OC) factor (OCD, BDD, and HD), and a body-focused repetitive behavior (BFRB) factor (HPD and SPD). The OC factor, not the BFRB factor, had unique associations with internalizing symptoms (standardized effects = 0.42–0.66) and the BFRB factor, not the OC factor, had small marginally significant unique association with drug/alcohol cravings (standardized effect = 0.22, p = 0.088). Conclusions The results mirror findings from twin research and indicate that OCD, BDD, and HD share liability that is significantly associated with internalizing symptoms, but this liability may be relatively less important for BFRBs. Further research is needed to better examine the associations between BFRBs and addictive disorders.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Co-Occurrence of Internalizing and Externalizing Depression Symptoms in a Community Sample of Australian Male Truck Drivers

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon M. Rice ◽  
Helen M. Aucote ◽  
Dina Eleftheriadis ◽  
Anne Maria Möller-Leimkühler
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Truck Drivers ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Symptom Ratings ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

Trucking industry employees are known to be at risk of elevated levels of stress and a range of behaviors that may compromise their mental health. Clinical reports indicate that in response to negative emotional states, men tend to engage in a cluster of externalizing behaviors including irritability, anger and aggression, risk taking, and substance misuse. However, as such symptoms fall outside standard diagnostic depression criteria, the diagnosis and treatment of depression in men may be impeded. The present exploratory study reports retrospective symptom ratings of internalizing and externalizing depression symptoms from 91 Australian male truck drivers. Moderate correlation between externalizing and internalizing symptoms was reported across the sample, though internalizing symptoms were reported more frequently. However, consistent with prediction, those meeting probable depression caseness ( n = 20) reported three times the number of externalizing symptoms relative to those in the nonclinical group (Cohen’s d = 1.31). Externalizing symptoms may be a particular phenotypic feature of depression in men, and assessment of such symptoms may assist in the detection of those unwilling to disclose typical internalizing symptoms (i.e., sadness, hopelessness). Results also highlight the need for targeted research into stress-related and mental health outcomes of men in high health risk occupations such as truck driving.

scholarly journals Personality traits and combat exposure as predictors of psychopathology over time

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Koffel ◽  
M. D. Kramer ◽  
P. A. Arbisi ◽  
C. R. Erbes ◽  
M. Kaler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Combat Exposure ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Symptoms

Background.Research suggests that personality traits have both direct and indirect effects on the development of psychological symptoms, with indirect effects mediated by stressful or traumatic events. This study models the direct influence of personality traits on residualized changes in internalizing and externalizing symptoms following a stressful and potentially traumatic deployment, as well as the indirect influence of personality on symptom levels mediated by combat exposure.Method.We utilized structural equation modeling with a longitudinal prospective study of 522 US National Guard soldiers deployed to Iraq. Analyses were based on self-report measures of personality, combat exposure, and internalizing and externalizing symptoms.Results.Both pre-deployment Disconstraint and externalizing symptoms predicted combat exposure, which in turn predicted internalizing and externalizing symptoms. There was a significant indirect effect for pre-deployment externalizing symptoms on post-deployment externalizing via combat exposure (p< 0.01). Negative Emotionality and pre-deployment internalizing symptoms directly predicted post-deployment internalizing symptoms, but both were unrelated to combat exposure. No direct effects of personality on residualized changes in externalizing symptoms were found.Conclusions.Baseline symptom dimensions had significant direct and indirect effects on post-deployment symptoms. Controlling for both pre-exposure personality and symptoms, combat experiences remained positively related to both internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Implications for diagnostic classification are discussed.

scholarly journals Parent–child relationship quality and family transmission of parent posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and child externalizing and internalizing symptoms following fathers' exposure to combat trauma

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4pt1) ◽  
pp. 947-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Snyder ◽  
Abigail Gewirtz ◽  
Lynn Schrepferman ◽  
Suzanne R. Gird ◽  
Jamie Quattlebaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Positive Engagement ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Symptoms

AbstractTransactional cascades among child internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and fathers’ and mothers’ posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were examined in a sample of families with a male parent who had been deployed to recent military conflicts in the Middle East. The role of parents’ positive engagement and coercive interaction with their child, and family members’ emotion regulation were tested as processes linking cascades of parent and child symptoms. A subsample of 183 families with deployed fathers and nondeployed mothers and their 4- to 13-year-old children who participated in a randomized control trial intervention (After Deployment: Adaptive Parenting Tools) were assessed at baseline prior to intervention, and at 12 and 24 months after baseline, using parent reports of their own and their child's symptoms. Parents’ observed behavior during interaction with their children was coded using a multimethod approach at each assessment point. Reciprocal cascades among fathers’ and mothers’ PTSD symptoms, and child internalizing and externalizing symptoms, were observed. Fathers’ and mothers’ positive engagement during parent–child interaction linked their PTSD symptoms and their child's internalizing symptoms. Fathers’ and mothers’ coercive behavior toward their child linked their PTSD symptoms and their child's externalizing symptoms. Each family member's capacity for emotion regulation was associated with his or her adjustment problems at baseline. Implications for intervention, and for research using longitudinal models and a family-systems perspective of co-occurrence and cascades of symptoms across family members are described.

scholarly journals Internalizing Symptom Profiles Among Youth in Foster Care: A Comparison Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmin Moussavi ◽  
Kyrre Breivik ◽  
Gro Janne Wergeland ◽  
Bente Storm Mowatt Haugland ◽  
Marit Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foster Care ◽  
General Population ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Symptom Profiles ◽  
Symptom Profile ◽  
Youth In Foster Care ◽  
Latent Profile

Background: A high prevalence of anxiety and depression is found among youth in foster care. There is limited knowledge on the anxiety and depression symptom profiles of youth in foster care. We examined latent profiles of anxiety and depression symptoms across three unique youth samples and whether youth in foster care were more or less likely to belong to specific symptom profiles than their peers recruited from clinical or general youth populations. We also investigated if these profiles were predicted by sex and age.Methods: Self-reported anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed by Spence Children's Anxiety Scale and Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire. Data were pooled from three youth samples (N = 2,005; mean age = 13.9 years, range = 11–18 years) comprising youth in foster care (n = 245), a clinical youth sample (n = 107), and a general population youth sample (n = 1,653). Symptom profiles were identified using latent profile analyses. Multinominal logistic regression was used to predict the latent profile membership.Results: Three profiles that differed both in symptom level and shape were identified and labeled as low, medium, and high symptom profile. Compared to the general population youth sample, youth in foster care had a higher likelihood of belonging to the high symptom profile, but not the medium symptom profile. Youth from the clinical sample had an increased risk of belonging to the medium and high symptom profiles compared to the youth in foster care and general population youth samples. Across samples, girls yielded a higher likelihood of having a medium or high symptom profile. Increasing age was associated with a higher likelihood of being in the high symptom profile.Conclusion: Compared to their counterparts in the general population, youth in foster care are at risk of belonging to a class of youth with high symptom levels across subtypes of internalizing symptoms, indicating the importance of systematic and broad assessment of internalizing symptoms among these youth. Knowledge on the symptom profiles of anxiety subtypes and depression increases our understanding of the treatment needs of youth in foster care.

scholarly journals Refugee Children’s Social–Emotional Capacities: Links to Mental Health upon Resettlement and Buffering Effects on Pre-Migratory Adversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12180
Author(s):  
Ruth Speidel ◽  
Emma Galarneau ◽  
Danah Elsayed ◽  
Shahdah Mahhouk ◽  
Joanne Filippelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Refugee Children ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Symptoms

Refugee children who experience severe pre-migratory adversity often show varying levels of mental health upon resettlement. Thus, it is critical to identify the factors that explain which refugee children experience more vs. less healthy outcomes. The present study assessed child social–emotional capacities (i.e., emotion regulation, sympathy, optimism, and trust) as potential moderators of associations between child, parental, and familial pre-migratory adversities and child mental health (i.e., internalizing and externalizing symptoms) upon resettlement. Participants were N = 123 five- to 12-year-old Syrian refugee children and their mothers living in Canada. Children and mothers reported their pre-migratory adverse life experiences, and mothers reported their children’s current social–emotional capacities, internalizing symptoms, and externalizing symptoms. Greater familial (i.e., the sum of children’s and their mother’s) pre-migratory adversity was associated with higher child internalizing and externalizing symptoms upon resettlement. Higher emotion regulation and optimism were associated with lower internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and higher sympathy was associated with lower externalizing symptoms. In contrast, higher trust was associated with higher internalizing symptoms. Finally, higher child optimism buffered against the positive association between familial pre-migratory adversity and child internalizing symptoms. In sum, select social–emotional capacities may serve as potential protective factors that support mental health and buffer against the deleterious effects of pre-migratory adversity in refugee children.

scholarly journals Are Danish adolescents’ internalizing and externalizing symptoms associated with their substance use?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Vallentin-Holbech ◽  
K R Thomsen ◽  
C Stock
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Harmful Alcohol ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Symptoms

Abstract Background Several studies have found that externalizing symptoms are associated with harmful substance use. Also, findings suggest that girls are more likely to report internalizing symptoms compared to boys. This study assessed the association between internalizing and externalizing symptoms (independent variables) and substance use and alcohol-related harms (dependent variables). Furthermore, it was investigated whether associations differentiate among boys and girls. Methods Data from Danish students aged 13-17 years (N = 2601) were collected using online self-administrated questionnaires measuring demographics, substance use (drunkenness, binge drinking, smoking, cannabis use and other illicit drug use) and alcohol-related harms. Externalizing and internalizing symptoms were measured using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. To test associations multilevel logistic regressions were applied for each dependent variable including both internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Gender differences were tested separately. Results The study population comprised of 1235 boys (47%) and 1366 girls (53%) from 42 schools in the region of Southern Denmark. Strong positive associations between externalizing symptoms and substance use were found for both boys and girls. When internalizing symptoms were present, boys demonstrated a negative association with binge drinking (OR: 0.90, p &lt; 0.001), drunkenness (OR: 0.91, p = 0.001) and alcohol-related harms (OR: 0.91, p = 0.006). Among girls, a negative association was only found for binge drinking (OR: 0.94, p = 0.009). Conclusions This study demonstrated strong positive associations between externalizing symptoms and substance use both among boys and girls and showed that internalizing problems protect particularly boys from harmful alcohol use. The findings suggest that Danish girls should be considered equally to Danish boys regarding externalizing symptoms and substance use. Key messages Boys with internalizing problems are more protected against harmful alcohol use compared to girls. Targeting gender-specific risk factors should be considered when developing prevention programmes.

scholarly journals Personality-specific pathways from peer victimization to adolescent alcohol misuse: A multilevel longitudinal moderated mediation analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavie M Laroque ◽  
Elroy Boers ◽  
Mohammad H Afzali ◽  
Patricia J Conrod
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Lagged Effects ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Symptoms

Peer victimization is common in adolescence and have been associated with a broad variety of psychopathology and alcohol use. The present study assessed whether peer victimization has a time-varying effect on alcohol use through internalizing and externalizing symptoms and whether this indirect association throughout time is moderated by personality. This 5-year longitudinal study (3,800 grade 7 adolescents) used Bayesian multilevel moderated mediation models: independent variable was peer victimization; moderators were four personality dimensions (anxiety sensitivity, hopelessness, impulsivity, and sensation seeking); internalizing symptoms (anxiety, depressive symptoms) and externalizing symptoms (conduct, hyperactivity problems) were the mediators; and alcohol use, the outcome. Results indicated significant between, within, and lagged effects on alcohol use through internalizing and externalizing symptoms. There was significant between and within effects on alcohol use through internalizing symptoms for adolescents with high anxiety sensitivity and hopelessness, and significant between, within, and lagged effects on alcohol use through externalizing for adolescents with high impulsivity and sensation seeking. These findings implicate two risk pathways that account for how peer victimization enhances alcohol use risk and emphasize the importance of personality profiles that can shape the immediate and long-term consequences of victimization. Keywords: multilevel moderated mediation model, victimization, personality, psychopathology, alcohol use.

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