Association of direct and indirect aggression and victimization with self-harm in young adolescents: A person-oriented approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 727-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiva Daukantaitė ◽  
Lars-Gunnar Lundh ◽  
Margit Wångby-Lundh
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Indirect Aggression ◽  
Adolescent Girls And Boys ◽  
High Aggression ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Aggressive Victims ◽  
One Year ◽  
Severe Psychopathology

AbstractWe sought to determine which patterns of direct and indirect aggression and victimization are most clearly associated with self-harm in adolescent girls and boys cross-sectionally at two time points, as well as prospectively over one year. A cluster analysis using the LICUR procedure (Bergman, 1998) was employed to identify stable patterns of aggression and victimization in a community cohort of 883 Swedish adolescents (51% girls; mean age 14.5). The results showed that a pattern combining high aggression with high victimization was consistently associated with high levels of self-harm in both genders, both cross-sectionally and prospectively. Additionally, this pattern of aggressive victims was a clear risk factor for the development of repetitive self-harm over a one-year period in both girls (odds ratio 13.58) and boys (odds ratio 5.72). We also found several gender differences: In girls, subgroups characterized by high victimization (aggressive victims and non-aggressive victims) had the highest levels of self-harm, whereas in boys the patterns characterized by high aggression (aggressive victims and aggressive non-victims) seemed more relevant. The findings concerning the aggressive victim cluster are clear warning signs of severe psychopathology and possible psychiatric diagnosis in this subgroup of girls and boys.

Māori health outcomes in an intensive care unit in Aotearoa New Zealand

2021 ◽  
pp. 0310057X2198971
Author(s):  
M Atif Mohd Slim ◽  
Hamish M Lala ◽  
Nicholas Barnes ◽  
Robert A Martynoga
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
One Year ◽  
Maori Health

Māori are the indigenous people of New Zealand, and suffer disparate health outcomes compared to non-Māori. Waikato District Health Board provides level III intensive care unit services to New Zealand’s Midland region. In 2016, our institution formalised a corporate strategy to eliminate health inequities for Māori. Our study aimed to describe Māori health outcomes in our intensive care unit and identify inequities. We performed a retrospective audit of prospectively entered data in the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society database for all general intensive care unit admissions over 15 years of age to Waikato Hospital from 2014 to 2018 ( n = 3009). Primary outcomes were in–intensive care unit and in-hospital mortality. The secondary outcome was one-year mortality. In our study, Māori were over-represented relative to the general population. Compared to non-Māori, Māori patients were younger (51 versus 61 years, P < 0.001), and were more likely to reside outside of the Waikato region (37.2% versus 28.0%, P < 0.001) and in areas of higher deprivation ( P < 0.001). Māori had higher admission rates for trauma and sepsis ( P < 0.001 overall) and required more renal replacement therapy ( P < 0.001). There was no difference in crude and adjusted mortality in–intensive care unit (16.8% versus 16.5%, P = 0.853; adjusted odds ratio 0.98 (95% confidence interval 0.68 to 1.40)) or in-hospital (23.7% versus 25.7%, P = 0.269; adjusted odds ratio 0.84 (95% confidence interval 0.60 to 1.18)). One-year mortality was similar (26.1% versus 27.1%, P=0.6823). Our study found significant ethnic inequity in the intensive care unit for Māori, who require more renal replacement therapy and are over-represented in admissions, especially for trauma and sepsis. These findings suggest upstream factors increasing Māori risk for critical illness. There was no difference in mortality outcomes.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus and Toxoplasma gondii in Feral Cats on St. Kitts, West Indies

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Xinyu Chi ◽  
Kexin Fang ◽  
Liza Koster ◽  
Jevan Christie ◽  
Chaoqun Yao
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Feral Cats ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
One Year

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a cosmopolitan protozoan parasite that infects all warm-blooded species including humans. The definitive hosts of T. gondii are felid vertebrates including the domestic cat. Domestic cats shed oocysts for approximately two weeks in their feces after the primary infection. It has been shown that feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) positive cats have a higher prevalence of and a higher titer of antibodies to T. gondii than those of FIV-negative cats. The main purposes of this study were to determine FIV prevalence and to investigate the oocysts shedding in FIV-positive and FIV-negative feral cats on St. Kitts. Fecal samples were collected from feral cats while their FIV statues were determined using a commercial SNAP kit. Total fecal DNA of each cat was tested for the presence of T. gondii DNA using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) consistently detecting one genome equivalent. A FIV-positive status was detected in 18 of 105 (17.1%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 9.9%−24.3%) feral cats sampled. Furthermore, males were three times more likely to be FIV positive than females (p = 0.017) with an odds ratio of 3.93 (95% CI: 1.20–12.89). Adults were found to have at least twice the prevalence of FIV compared to cats younger than one year of age (p = 0.056) with an odds ratio of 3.07 (95% CI: 0.94–10.00). Toxoplasma gondii DNA was not detected in the feces of any of the 18 FIV-positive (95% CI: 0%−0.18%) and 87 FIV-negative cats (95% CI: 0%−0.04%). A follow-up study with a much bigger sample size is needed to prove or disprove the hypothesis that FIV-positive cats have a higher prevalence of shedding T. gondii oocysts than FIV-negative cats.

Does perianal disease influence the efficacy of combination therapy in Crohn’s disease?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui de Sousa Magalhães ◽  
Sofia Xavier ◽  
Tiago Cúrdia Gonçalves ◽  
Francisca Dias de Castro ◽  
Bruno Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Clinical Remission ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Perianal Disease ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
P Value ◽  
Disease Relapse ◽  
Endoscopic Remission ◽  
Remission Rates ◽  
One Year

Background: Perianal disease is associated with a disabling course of CD. We aim to study the impact of perianal disease on CD remission rates, after a one-year course of infliximab in combination therapy with azathioprine. Methods: Cohort, retrospective, single centre study, including consecutive CD patients on combination therapy, followed for one year since induction. The outcome variable was split into clinical and endoscopic remission. The correlation towards the outcome variable was assessed with univariate and multivariate analysis, and a survival assessment, using SPSS software. Results: We assessed 74 CD patients, of whom 41 (55.4%) were female, with a mean age of 36 years-old. Thirty-nine percent of the patients presented perianal disease at diagnosis (n=29). We documented 70.3% clinical and 47.2% endoscopic remissions. Several variables had statistical significance towards the outcomes (endoscopic and clinical remission) in the univariate analysis. After adjusting for confoundment, patients with perianal disease presented an odds ratio of 0.20 for achieving endoscopic remission (odds ratio 0.201 CI [0.054-0.75] p-value 0.017) and an odds ratio of 0.203 for achieving clinical remission (OR 0.203 CI [0.048-0.862] p-value 0.031). Sixty-six patients (89.2%) presented an initial response to treatment, from whom, 20 (30.3%) exhibited at least one disease relapse (clinical and/or endoscopic). Patients with perianal disease presented higher probability of disease relapse, displaying statistically significant difference on Kaplan-Meyer curves (Breslow p-value 0.043). Conclusion: In the first year of combination therapy, perianal disease is associated with an 80% decrease in endoscopic and clinical remission rates and higher ratio of disease relapse.

Prevalence of and factors associated with insufficient physical activity among adolescents: evidence from a nationwide survey in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Md Mokbul Hossain ◽  
Fahmida Akter ◽  
Abu Abdullah Mohammad Hanif ◽  
Md Showkat Ali Khan ◽  
Abu Ahmed Shamim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
World Health ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Adolescent Girls And Boys ◽  
The World ◽  
Insufficient Physical Activity ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract The World Health Organization set a target of a 15% relative reduction in the prevalence of insufficient physical activity (IPA) by 2025 among adolescents and adults globally. In Bangladesh, there are no national estimates of the prevalence of IPA among adolescents. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of and risk factors associated with IPA among adolescent girls and boys. Data for 4865 adolescent girls and 4907 adolescent boys, collected as a part of a National Nutrition Surveillance in 2018–19, were analysed for this study. A modified version of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used to collect physical activity data. The World Health Organization recommended cut-off points were used to estimate the prevalence of IPA. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with IPA. Prevalences of IPA among adolescent girls and boys were 50.3% and 29.0%, respectively, and the prevalence was significantly higher among early adolescents (10–14 years) than late adolescents (15–19 years) among both boys and girls. The IPA prevalence was highest among adolescents living in non-slum urban areas (girls: 77.7%; boys: 64.1%). For both boys and girls, younger age, non-slum urban residence, higher paternal education and increased television viewing time were significantly associated with IPA. Additionally, residing in slums was significantly associated with IPA only among the boys. Higher maternal education was associated with IPA only among the girls. This study identified several modifiable risk factors associated with IPA among adolescent boys and girls in Bangladesh. These factors should be addressed through comprehensive public health interventions to promote physical activity among adolescent girls and boys.

Disordered Eating Precursors in Pre- and Early Adolescent Girls and Boys

1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela K. Keel ◽  
Jayne A. Fulkerson ◽  
Gloria R. Leon
Keyword(s):  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Early Adolescent ◽  
Adolescent Girls And Boys
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