Childhood polyvictimization and marijuana use trajectories

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
ChienTi Plummer Lee ◽  
Joshua Mersky ◽  
Ian Marsee ◽  
Bernard Fuemmeler
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Multinomial Logit Regression ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Recreational Marijuana ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Despite public sentiment to the contrary, recreational marijuana use is deleterious to adolescent health and development. Prospective studies of marijuana use trajectories and their predictors are needed to differentiate risk profiles and inform intervention strategies. Using data on 15,960 participants in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, variable-centered approaches were used to examine the impact of childhood polyvictimization on marijuana onset, marijuana use from age 15 to 24 years, and marijuana dependence symptoms. Zero-Inflated Poisson latent class growth analysis (ZIP-LCGA) was used to identify marijuana use subgroups, and their associations with childhood polyvictimization were tested via multinomial logit regression within ZIP-LCGA. Results showed that the overall probability and frequency of marijuana use increased throughout adolescence, peaked in early adulthood, and diminished gradually thereafter. Polyvictimization was associated with earlier onset and greater overall use, frequency of use, and dependence symptoms. ZIP-LCGA uncovered four subgroups, including non-users and three classes of users: adolescence-limited users, escalators, and chronic users. Polyvictimization distinguished non-users from all classes of marijuana users. The findings underscore the lasting developmental implications of significant childhood trauma. Children who experience polyvictimization represent a group that may benefit from selective interventions aimed at preventing early, frequent, chronic, and dependent marijuana use.

scholarly journals Puff, The Magic Dragon, and the Estate Planner

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Gerry W. Beyer ◽  
Brooke Dacus
Keyword(s):  
Life Insurance ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Illegal Drugs ◽  
Estate Planning ◽  
Insurance Policies ◽  
Recreational Marijuana ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

With the legalization of medical and recreational marijuana in almost half of the states, practitioners need to be aware of the interface between marijuana and estate planning. This Article provides a discussion of the major issues that arise in this context. After bringing readers current with the history of legalized marijuana, the Article focuses on how marijuana use may impact a user’s capacity to execute a will and other estate planning documents. The Article then examines other estate planning concerns such as will and trust provisions conditioning benefits on the non-use of “illegal drugs” and the impact of marijuana use on life insurance policies. The Article wraps up with a discussion of how an estate planner may deal with marijuana-based assets when planning an estate and how to value those assets after the owner has died.

Labeling and the Differential Impact of School Discipline on Negative Life Outcomes: Assessing Ethno-Racial Variation in the School-to-Prison Pipeline

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 1489-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Racheal Pesta
Keyword(s):  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
School Discipline ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Exclusionary Discipline ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
School Exclusion ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Future Outcomes ◽  
The Impact

The relationship between educational attainment and involvement in the criminal justice system is one of the most consistent findings in the criminological literature. Contributing to this relationship is the increased and disproportionate use of exclusionary discipline, particularly among ethno-racial minorities. Exclusionary discipline is correlated with negative life outcomes however; scholars have yet to examine the impact of school discipline on behavioral outcomes across race and ethnicity. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent and Adult Health, this study addresses this gap by modeling the pathways from school exclusion to future dropout, delinquency, and criminal offending for White, Black, and Hispanic youth. Results suggest significant differences in the effect of school exclusion on future outcomes across ethno-racial groups.

scholarly journals Criminal Justice Contacts and Psychophysiological Functioning in Early Adulthood: Health Inequality in the Carceral State

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-306
Author(s):  
Courtney E. Boen
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Weighting Procedures ◽  
New Evidence

Despite increased attention to the links between the criminal justice system and health, how criminal justice contacts shape health and contribute to racial health disparities remains to be better understood. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 5,488) and several analytic techniques—including a quasi-treatment–control design, treatment-weighting procedures, and mediation analyses—this study examines how criminal justice contacts shape inflammatory and depressive risk and contribute to black–white health gaps. Findings revealed that incarceration is associated with increased C-reactive protein and depressive risk, particularly for individuals who experienced long durations of incarceration. Arrests are also associated with mental health, and mediation analyses showed that racial disparities in arrests and incarceration were drivers of black–white gaps in depressive symptoms. Together, this study provides new evidence of the role of the criminal justice system in shaping health and patterning black–white health gaps from adolescence through early adulthood.

scholarly journals Life Course Pathways From Childhood SES to Age-Related Declines in Kidney Function Across Adulthood

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 832-832
Author(s):  
Agus Surachman ◽  
Alexis Santos ◽  
Jonathan Daw ◽  
Lacy Alexander ◽  
Christopher Coe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Age is a strong predictor of declines in kidney function across adulthood. Using data from 2,045 adults (ages 25-84) in the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study, we examined the life course pathways through which low parental education, through adult SES and body mass index (BMI), was associated with faster age-related declines in kidney function. Kidney function declines by 0.8 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year across adulthood. Lower parental education, through adult SES and BMI, was associated with higher kidney function among younger adults (Est = -1.61, SE = 0.62, 95%CI = -2.62, -0.60), but lower kidney function among older adults (Est = 0.93, SE = 0.51, 95%CI = 0.11, 1.79). The impact of early socioeconomic adversity on kidney function is initiated by kidney hyperfiltration in early adulthood and followed by faster declines and development into disease state in later adulthood.

scholarly journals The influence of early familial adversity on adolescent risk behaviors and mental health: Stability and transition in family adversity profiles in a cohort sample

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Wadman ◽  
Rachel M. Hiller ◽  
Michelle C. St Clair
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Economic Hardship ◽  
Parental Conflict ◽  
Family Adversity ◽  
Adolescent Risk ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAlthough familial adversity is associated with poorer outcomes in childhood and adulthood, little research has looked at the influence of stability or transition between distinct familial adversity subgroups or the impact in adolescence. Using data from the 9-month, 3-, 5-, and 14-year time waves of the Millennium Cohort Study (n > 18,000), we used latent class analysis to identify distinct classes of early familial adversity (marital instability/conflict, “suboptimal” parenting, economic disadvantage, and parental mental health problems) and the impact of these adversity classes on adolescent (a) mental health (including self-harm), (b) risk taking, (c) criminality, and (d) victimization. Four profiles were identified largely differing on economic hardship, family composition, and parental conflict. Across the first three time points, 72% of the sample remained stable, with the remainder transitioning between classes. Adolescents in the higher risk groups (particularly categorized by economic hardship or high parental conflict) had poorer outcomes in adolescence. Transitioning to a higher adversity group at any time in the first 5 years was associated with poorer outcomes but was particularly pronounced when the transition occurred when the child was under 3 years. These findings demonstrate the broad consequences of early familial adversity and the need for targeted early support for at-risk families.

Marijuana Use Among Justice-Involved Youths After California Statewide Legalization, 2015–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (9) ◽  
pp. 1386-1392
Author(s):  
Emily Kan ◽  
Jordan Beardslee ◽  
Paul J. Frick ◽  
Laurence Steinberg ◽  
Elizabeth Cauffman
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Marijuana Legalization ◽  
Recreational Marijuana ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
The Law ◽  
National Attitudes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Recreational Use

Objectives. To determine the impact of California’s recreational marijuana legalization on marijuana use among justice system–involved (JSI) adolescents and young adults, and to distinguish whether any changes resulted from legalization (passing the law) or from implementation of the law. Methods. We compared changes in JSI youths’ marijuana use in 2 states: California (n = 504), where recreational marijuana use was recently legalized, and Pennsylvania (n = 478), where recreational use is still prohibited. Furthermore, we examined changes in marijuana use across 3 key time periods (October 2015–June 2018): before legalization, after legalization but before implementation, and after implementation. Results. California JSI youths did not demonstrate a significant increase in marijuana use after legalization (b = −0.010; P = .950) or implementation (b = −0.046; P = .846). However, in Pennsylvania, rates of marijuana use increased significantly after legalization (b = 0.602; P = .001) but not after implementation (b = 0.174; P = .533). Conclusions. Although recreational marijuana legalization was not associated with changes in marijuana use among youths in California, we observed increased rates of use in Pennsylvania after legalization in California. Recreational marijuana laws may be indirectly related to youths’ marijuana use by supporting more permissive national attitudes toward marijuana.

scholarly journals Typology of Customer Retention Schemes in the Private Sports Sector During COVID-19: Analyzing the Behavior of Martial Arts Instructors Using Latent Class Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Customer Retention ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Technological Means ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training

The COVID-19 pandemic brought new challenges in all aspects of life. It largely brought the sports sector to a halt: major events were postponed or canceled, while gyms and training centers were closed due to repeated lockdowns and social distancing rules and regulations. In the private sports sector, some instructors adopted technological means of maintaining contact with their students in an attempt to retain customers and maintain a high volume of cash flow. Our work focuses on the martial arts (MA) sector in Israel during two crucial periods in 2020: The first lockdown of March through June, when all sports activities were banned, and the period following it, when trainers were allowed to commence training under some regulations. Using data collected from 199 MA instructors, we test for their level and means of engagement with trainees during the lockdown, and the impact these had on customer retention in the period that followed. Using latent class analysis, we establish an empirically based typology of retention schemes (low contact, high contact, and maverick), and test whether these influenced the financial performance of MA studios. Our findings show that the financial damage and the return rate of trainees do not vary between the three types. We offer some insights into the uniqueness of the MA field, and how this may explain these counter-intuitive results.

The Impact of Recreational Marijuana Legislation in Washington, DC on Marijuana Use Cognitions

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (13) ◽  
pp. 2165-2173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paige Clarke ◽  
Tonya Dodge ◽  
Michelle L. Stock
Keyword(s):  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Recreational Marijuana ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Early Life Conditions, Adulthood Experiences, and Edentulism at Older Ages

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 800-800
Author(s):  
Haena Lee ◽  
Linda Waite
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Childhood Conditions ◽  
Early Life Conditions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The role of childhood in shaping overall adult health has been well documented, especially for physical and mental health, but much less is known about the impact of early disadvantage on oral health in later life. Using data from the 2006 and 2012 Health and Retirement Study, we investigate the link between childhood financial and psychosocial adversity and edentulism over a six-year period among U.S. adults aged 51 and older. We find that those growing up with parents with fewer resources face higher risks of having lost all their tooth at baseline and during the follow-up. Adulthood socioeconomic status and health behaviors are strongly associated with the risk of edentulism, net of childhood conditions. However, the effect of low parental resources on the onset of edentulism persists when accounting for these life course factors. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Oral Health Interest Group.

scholarly journals Commentary on Jones J, Jones KN and Peil J (2018) The impact of the legalization of recreational marijuana on college students. Addictive Behaviors 77: 255–259, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.08.015

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117822181982760
Author(s):  
Jacob Jones ◽  
K Nicole Jones
Keyword(s):  
Marijuana Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Addictive Behaviors ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Recreational Marijuana ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

With the broadening legislative changes surrounding legalized recreational marijuana in the United States, tracking the impact of such changes is imperative. As such, in a recent article published in Addictive Behaviors, we identified several emerging trends in the first state to legalize recreational marijuana, Colorado. Since our publication, similar research from other states that have legalized recreational marijuana (Oregon and Washington) has emerged. Here, we attempt to expand on our findings and identify patterns across the research, by comparing and contrasting our results to research in other states with legalized recreational marijuana. We identified several trends including, but not limited to, the rates of marijuana use rising after decriminalization, but not the retail sale of recreational marijuana; recreational marijuana legalization leading to a decrease in the relationship between marijuana and alcohol use; and the identification of binge drinkers as a high-risk population for marijuana use after recreational legalization. We also explore the complicated relationship between marijuana use and academic performance, and point out areas where future research is needed.

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