The role of child maltreatment and attachment style in adolescent relationship violence

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTINE WEKERLE ◽  
DAVID A. WOLFE
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Relationship Violence ◽  
School Students ◽  
Important Relationship

Utilizing attachment theory as a basis for conceptualizing close relationships among adolescents, this study investigated two important relationship risk factors (child maltreatment, and adolescent self-perceived insecure attachment style) as predictors of “offender” and “victim” experiences in youth relationships. In addition to considering the influence of these risk factors, we further considered their interaction in predicting conflict in close relationships. Of interest was the extent to which attachment styles may function as a moderator of the relationship between childhood abuse and current abuse in teen close relationships. High school students (N = 321) in grades 9 and 10 completed questionnaires tapping their histories of maltreatment, currently viewed styles of attachment, and conflict in close relationships over the past 6 months. Maltreatment alone emerged as the most consistent predictor, accounting for 13–18% of the variance in male's physically, sexually, and verbally abusive behaviors; in contrast, it was not highly predictive of female's abusive behaviors. Maltreatment was predictive of victimization experiences for both males and females. Attachment style did not substantially add to the prediction of relationship conflict beyond maltreatment; however, avoidant attachment style emerged repeatedly as a significant predictor of female abusiveness and victimization. Attachment self-ratings were found to function as a moderator of child maltreatment in predicting primarily male coercive behavior towards a relationship partner as well as predicting male's experience of coercion from a partner. Thus, the presence of childhood maltreatment and adolescent self-perceived insecure attachment style applies predominantly to male youth. The implication of these gender differences for understanding relationship violence is discussed.

scholarly journals Aspects of Love: The Effect of Mortality Salience and Attachment Style on Romantic Beliefs

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Smith ◽  
Emma Massey
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Mortality Salience ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Relationship Assessment ◽  
Cultural World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Assessment Questionnaire

Two studies are reported which explore romance as a means of terror management for participants with secure and insecure attachment styles. Mikulincer and Florian (2000) have shown that while mortality salience increases the desire for intimacy in securely attached individuals, the insecurely attached use cultural world views rather than close relationships to cope with fear of death. Study 1 used the romantic belief scale to compare the effects of attachment style and mortality salience on the cultural aspects of close relationships and showed that the only the insecurely attached were more romantic following mortality salience. Study 2 replicated this effect and demonstrated that this difference was not simply due to lower self-esteem in the insecurely attached. The additional inclusion of the Relationship assessment questionnaire failed to provide any evidence that the securely attached were affected by the mortality salience manipulation, even on a more interpersonal measure.

scholarly journals Risk factors and the prevalence of anorexia nervosa among female students in Serbia

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovana Lazarevic ◽  
Borjanka Batinic ◽  
Tatjana Vukosavljevic-Gvozden
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Female Students ◽  
The Body ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment

Background/Aim. The widespread symptoms of anorexia nervosa (AN) in young women require to draw professional attention to this problem in Serbia. In previous research on AN, insecure attachment styles, perfectionism and concerns about body shape were identified as notable risk factors. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of AN among female students and assess the importance of these factors in its development. Methods. The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40), the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale (ECR), the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS) and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) were applied to a sample of 500 randomly selected female students of the University of Belgrade, the mean age of 22.44 years (min 18, max 35). In addition, Body Mass Index (BMI) was also calculated. Results. Although 38 (7.6%) female students displayed symptoms of AN (EAT > 30) and 13 (2.6%) had BMI indicating anorexia nervosa syndrome (BMI ? 17.50 kg/m2), only 1 (0.2%) student fulfilled both criteria. The majority of female students (60.4%) had some type of insecure attachment style. There is a significant influence of attachment styles on symptoms of AN: female students with insecure attachment styles have a significantly higher mean score on the EAT compared to those with secure attachment style (F = 7.873; p < 0.01). There was a positive correlation between scores on the EAT and FMPS (r = 0.217; p < 0.01), and scores on the EAT and BSQ (r = 0.388; p < 0.01). Conclusions. The obtained results show the prevalence of AN of 0.2% among female students and indicate the importance of insecure attachment styles, perfectionism and concern about body shape as risk factors. Activities for the prevention of AN in this subpopulation should include internet-based therapy and special counseling services with specific programs focusing on emotion-regulation skills through mindfulness, acceptance and commitment techniques, as well as specific cognitive-behavioral techniques.

scholarly journals TYPES OF ATTACHMENT OF STUDENTS AND THEIR SUCCESS IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

2017 ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
E. E. Volkova
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Adult Attachment Interview ◽  
School Students ◽  
Avoidant Attachment ◽  
Trust Relationships ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mother And Child

The article presents the results of empirical studies of successful performance in students with different types of attachment. The following research methods were chosen: conversation method, questionnaires, projective technique and testing method represented by the following procedures: "Adult Attachment Interview", projective drawing techniques, "Mother and Child". A significant difference between the successes of training in high school students was noted with avoidant type of attachment  with  respect  to  students  with  reliable  and  ambivalent  types.  Students with a reliable and ambivalent attachment styles are more successful in their performance, those with avoidant attachment style are less successful. The worst performance of students with avoiding attachment types can be explained by the fact that they are unlikely to perceive criticism positively, it is difficult for them to build trust relationships with adults and peers, they have inherent infantile behavior. The results of the study provide a basis for the development of programs aimed at preventing school failure prospective students and increase the success of learning in students who are in the learning process. 

scholarly journals The Research of Relationship among Smile Developing Software, Internet Addiction, and Attachment Style

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2057
Author(s):  
Hao-Chiang Koong Lin ◽  
Meng-Chun Tsai ◽  
Kuang-Hsiang Wu
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
School Students ◽  
Internal Working Model ◽  
Mean Values

By developing a software tool that helps students cultivate the habit of smiling, this study aims to enhance students’ interpersonal relationships and ability to interact with others and therefore effectively decrease their Internet addiction. The study participants were students from a vocational high school in Tainan, Taiwan. To begin with, it examined the choices of attachment styles and levels of Internet addiction among high school students enrolled in a practical skills program. The students used the software tool for fourteen consecutive days and completed their smile task, which was followed by a post-test questionnaire. The result shows that for interpersonal interactions, changes in the mean values for three types of attachment styles decrease (namely anxious–preoccupied, dismissive–avoidant, and fearful–avoidant styles). In particular, the dismissive–avoidant style was reported with the most prominent change of −1.267, and it was the only variable with a higher average value. This study also applied Bartholomew and Horowitz’s two-dimensional internal working model and found that the participants had demonstrated positive developments in their own self-internal modes and, in particular, others’ internal modes.

ASOSIASI ANTARA ATTACHMENT STYLES DALAM HUBUNGAN ROMANTIS PADA RELATIONSHIP SATISFACTION (KEPUASAAN DALAM SUATU HUBUNGAN)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wina Lova Riza
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Assessment Scale ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Positive Direction ◽  
Experiences In Close Relationships ◽  
Relationship Assessment

 This study aims to investigate the association between perceptions of childhood experiences with parents, attachment styles (avoidant, anxious/ambivalent, and security) in romantic relationships, and relationship satisfaction (satisfaction in relationships) with a sample of lecturers and employees of UBP in Karawang who have married or having a romantic relationship. The method used in this study is a regression method with the aim to find out the extent of the influence of one independent variable with the dependent variable. In other words, researchers intend to see the effect of variable attachment styles with relationship satisfaction. The research instrument used was to use two questionnaires with a Likert scale, namely the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R) questionnaire and the relationship assessment scale. From the results of the study using multivariate correlation analysis with the SPSS 24 program, a significant value of 0.009 was obtained with a probability (p) of 0,000; because p <0.05, it indicates a significant relationship with a positive direction between attachment styles and relationship satisfaction. In addition, the following are the results of grouping the results of respondents' attachment style. From a total of 88 respondents, 50 of them (57%) have a fearful attachment style, 17 people (19%) have a dismissing attachment style, 11 people (13%) have a preocupied attachment style, and 10 (11%) have type of secure attachment style.   Keywords: Attachment Styles, Relationship Satisfication, Romantic Relationship  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki asosiasi antara persepsi pengalaman masa kanak-kanak dengan orang tua, attachment styles (avoidant, anxious/ambivalent, dan security) dalam hubungan romantis, dan relationship satisfacation (kepuasaan dalam hubungan) dengan sampel dosen dan karyawan UBP Karawang yang telah menikah atau sedang menjalani hubungan romantis. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode regresi dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana pengaruh satu variabel indenpenden dengan variabel dependen. Dengan kata lain, peneliti bermaksud untuk melihat pengaruh variabel attachment styles dengan relationship satisfaction. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan dua kuesioner dengan skala likert, yaitu kuesioner Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R) dan relationship assessment scale. Dari hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan analsis korelasi multivariat dengan program SPSS 24 diperoleh nilai signifikan sebesar 0,009 dengan probabilitas (p) 0,000; karena p < 0,05, maka menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan dengan arah positif antara attachment styles dengan relationship satisfaction. Sebagai tambahan, berikut dipaparkan hasil pengelompokkan hasil attachment style responden. Dari total 88 preponden, 50 orang diantaranya (57%) memiliki tipe fearful attachment style, 17 orang (19%) memiliki tipe dismissing attachment style, 11 orang (13%) memiliki tipe preocupied attachment style, dan 10 orang (11%) memiliki tipe secure attachment style.   Kata Kunci: Attachment Styles, Relationship Satisfication, Romantic Relationship

scholarly journals Assessing the Effects of Childhelp’s Speak Up be Safe Child Abuse Prevention Curriculum for High School Students

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisol Juarez Diaz ◽  
Diane Moreland ◽  
Wendy Wolfersteig
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Child Abuse Prevention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Abuse Prevention ◽  
School Students ◽  
Prevention Curriculum ◽  
Speak Up

Abstract Purpose This study examined the Childhelp Speak Up Be Safe (CHSUBS) child abuse prevention curriculum for high school students and addressed a gap in evidence-based child maltreatment prevention programs. CHSUBS is grounded in theory and was developed to 1) provide students with the skills they need to prevent or interrupt child abuse, bullying, and neglect, and 2) increase student knowledge about safety related to abuse. Methods Utilizing a cluster-randomized controlled trial design, the three high schools were randomly assigned to participate in the CHSUBS curriculum or the control group. Survey items measured the efficacy of the curriculum in grades 9 through 12. Surveys were implemented at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and after 6 months for a follow-up. Analyses included exploratory factor analyses and a paired samples t–test to determine whether increases in child maltreatment knowledge and resistance skills were gained. Results Findings showed positive significant results that child maltreatment knowledge and resistance skills were significantly different from pre to post for the CHSUBS group and showed no significant control group changes. Conclusions High school students in the CHSUBS group appeared to gain both child maltreatment knowledge and resistance skills. Future studies on prevention programming for high school students might show results that lead to a reduction in child maltreatment and an increase in better health outcomes for adolescents.

Contraceptive Use Among Korean High School Adolescents: A Decision Tree Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 105984052098753
Author(s):  
Sung Hae Kim ◽  
Yoona Choi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Sexual Health Education ◽  
School Students

Although the rate of sexual intercourse among adolescents has increased in Asian countries, including Korea, many sexually active adolescents still do not use contraception. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for contraceptive nonuse among adolescents using decision tree analysis of the 2018 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey data from 2,460 high school students who had an experience of sexual intercourse. The findings indicated that the highest risk group who did not use contraception during sexual intercourse did not receive sexual health education in school and was involved in habitual or purposeful drug use. The experience of ever receiving treatment due to violence and the experience of sexual intercourse after drinking were also identified as risk factors for contraceptive nonuse. To encourage contraceptive use, development of standard sexual health education, counseling, and educational intervention intended to prevent risky behaviors is needed.

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