Household Archaeology at Cerén, El Salvador

1990 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payson D. Sheets ◽  
Harriet F. Beaubien ◽  
Marilyn Beaudry ◽  
Andrea Gerstle ◽  
Brian McKee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Household Archaeology ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Access To Resources ◽  
Residential Group ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Storage Distribution

AbstractIn the summer of 1989, major discoveries were made at the site of Joya de Cerén, El Salvador, where sudden depositions of volcanic ash in a.d. 600 resulted in unusually favorable conditions of preservation. The theoretical framework for the research is household archaeology, the study of prehistoric household groups. Household archaeology, as applied to Cerén can take advantage of the extraordinary preservation to study households in terms of their key activities of (a) production, including food, implements, vessels, and structures; (b) “pooling,” including storage, distribution, maintenance, and curation activities; (c) transmission of knowledge and material goods including access to resources; (d) reproduction in both the biological and sociocultural senses; and (e) co-residence/membership in the functioning residential group. One of the major finds was a possible codex or Precolumbian manuscript.

scholarly journals The Settlement experience of Salvadoran refugees

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Escobar Olivo
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Structuration Theory ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Canadian Government

This narrative qualitative study explored the lived experiences of Salvadoran refugees who came to Canada after fleeing the civil war in El Salvador. The research aimed to examine the experience of Salvadoran refugees who arrived between 1980 and 1992. During this period, the Canadian government enacted special measures which allowed for Salvadorans to seek refuge in Canada. The experiences shared by participants explored their experience with the traumas of war, migration and eventual settlement in Toronto. The theoretical framework drew on the coloniality of power and structuration theory. These experiences were considered within a broader context of what it meant to be a Salvadoran refugee in Toronto, both in ongoing connections to their country of origin and their country of settlement over thirty years later. The narratives of the participants provide insights into the complex negotiations into the experiences of refugees forced to flee and reorient themselves in a new society. Key words: Salvadoran, refugees, experiences, civil war, identity, Latinx, Toronto

Apercu sur le Quaternaire de Salvador (Amerique centrale)

1961 ◽  
Vol S7-III (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Jean Tricart
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Explosive Activity ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Volcanic Region ◽  
Relative Dating ◽  
Late Tertiary

Abstract El Salvador is essentially a volcanic region in which an older, presumably late Tertiary, complex of andesite and basalt flows and breccias and younger, more acid Quaternary rocks are represented. Following a long period of inactivity during which the Tertiary volcanic masses were considerably eroded, episodic explosive activity occurred in the Quaternary, accompanied by the formation of extensive calderas and ejection of considerable ash. Paleosols were developed in the intervals between explosions, which permit relative dating of the successive episodes. The last stages of activity were characterized by extrusion of mud flows, torrential gullying, and deposition of thick piedmont detrital beds accompanied by reworking of volcanic ash which was redeposited in dammed lakes and other depressions. The development of calcareous crusts in places constitutes evidence of significant climatic fluctuations. There is also evidence of differential subsidence in coastal areas.

The Analysis and Distribution of Volcanic Ash-Tempered Pottery in the Lowland Maya Area

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Simmons ◽  
Gerald F. Brem
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Maya Area ◽  
Lowland Maya

Petrographic analysis of potsherds from Dzibilchaltun and other Maya sites conclusively establishes the presence of volcanic ash temper in ceramics from northern Yucatan. The distribution of ash-tempered ceramics in time and space suggests import of ash in bulk from sources in highland Guatemala or El Salvador in exchange for salt. The homogeneous nature of the ash in northwestern Yucatan supports the idea that certain trading organizations enjoyed exclusive access to that region, while competing for markets in other lowland areas.

scholarly journals Strong motion data centre

1971 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
D. Denham ◽  
G. R. Small
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Australian Bureau ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Strong Motion Data ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Data Centre ◽  
Unconsolidated Material ◽  
Storage Distribution

A Strong Motion Data Centre, for the collection, storage, distribution and preliminary analysis of accelerograms from the Australian and New Guinean regions, has recently been established at Canberra by the Australian Bureau of Mineral Resources. The work undertaken at the Centre is described and examples of the processing facilities available are given. Extensive use is made of computers in the analysis of the accelerograms and the plotting of the results. By December 1970 thirteen accelerographs had been obtained, by several institutions, for installation in the Australian and New Guinea regions and 24 accelerograms had been received at the Centre for analysis. The instruments located on unconsolidated material at Lae, Yonki and Panguna are currently producing about 5 accelerograms per year and the maximum ground acceleration recorded so far, of 0.12g, was obtained at Panguna, where the accelerograph is located on recent unconsolidated volcanic ash.

Ecological Justice and the Capabilities Approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-136
Author(s):  
Anna Wienhues
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Capabilities Approach ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
Ecological Justice ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Fully Functioning

This chapter presents an alternative theoretical framework for grounding ecological justice: the capabilities approach. Rather than focusing on the distribution of some material goods themselves, the focus of the capabilities approach lies on the functionings — that is, doings and beings — and the capabilities — that is, opportunities or freedoms to achieve these functionings — of humans. The provision of these capabilities, which require different inputs depending on the individual in question, are at the heart of its concern. In other words, capability theorists are concerned with the opportunities that individuals need to live fully functioning — or flourishing — lives. On first examination, the capabilities approach has a lot of intuitive force in the domain of ecological justice, arguably because of its close connection to the concepts of needs and flourishing. However, accounts of interspecies justice based on the capabilities approach have been met with powerful criticism which leads to the conclusion that the project of expanding the capabilities approach into the nonhuman sphere will require considerable adjustments, and consequently the task of developing interspecies justice should rather be left to less anthropomorphist approaches.

Religion and the Regime

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 676-712
Author(s):  
Karrie J. Koesel
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
The State ◽  
Access To Resources ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Religion And State ◽  
State Relations ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Religious Actors ◽  
Gain Access

What is the nature of religion and state relations in authoritarian regimes? How do religious and regime actors negotiate the terms of their relationship;what do the two sides want from one another; and how cooperative or conflictual are their interactions? To address these questions, the author compares religion-regime relations in contemporary Russia and China—two autocracies with long histories of religious repression, diverse religious profiles, and distinct relations between religion and the state. The article introduces a new theoretical framework anchored in interests and subnational authoritarian politics to explain how religious and political authorities negotiate their relationship and the constraints and opportunities that shape their interaction. Although there are many reasons to expect different types of religion-regime relations across Russia and China, the data demonstrate that subnational governments and diverse religious actors often forge innovative partnerships to govern more efficiently, gain access to resources, and safeguard their survival.

Two-Factor Learning for Launch: How Entrepreneurs Can Increase the Probability of Positive Responses to Their Minimum Viable Products

2021 ◽  
pp. 251512742199478
Author(s):  
Jason Lortie ◽  
Kevin C. Cox ◽  
Scott Kelly ◽  
Troy Bolivar
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Learning ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Organizational Knowledge ◽  
Incremental Innovation ◽  
Environmental Response ◽  
Motivating Factors ◽  
Access To Resources ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Informed Decisions ◽  
The Relationship

Lean startup methodologies are believed to reduce the overall risk and cost for launching new businesses. Many of these methodologies provide processes and tools that aid new entrepreneurs in their attempts to make informed decisions before, during, and after the launch of their minimum viable product (MVP). Drawing on theories from the Knowledge Based View, Organizational Learning, Lean Entrepreneurship, and Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory of Hygiene and Motivating Factors, we propose a theoretical framework of incremental innovation and lean launch that is capable of increasing the probability of the MVP receiving a positive environmental response. Our framework models the phenomena of responses to MVPs within a specific market through knowledge of existing offerings and the ideas we introduce around satisfaction and dissatisfaction as two separate continuums of responses intended customers may have to MVPs. Additionally, we propose that the relationship between individual and organizational knowledge can be moderated by the individual’s level of embeddedness, and that the relationship between organizational knowledge and the environmental response to the MVP can be moderated by the organization’s capabilities and access to resources.

Age and extent of the Ilopango TBJ Tephra inferred from a Holocene chronostratigraphic reference section, Lago De Yojoa, Honduras

2005 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Mehringer ◽  
Andrei M. Sarna-Wojcicki ◽  
Lance K. Wollwage ◽  
Payson Sheets
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Major Element ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Volcanic Field ◽  
Element Abundances ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Tephra Layers ◽  
Silicic Volcanic ◽  
Reference Section

Eruption of central El Salvador's Ilopango Volcano early in the first millennium A.D. caused death, cultural devastation, and exodus of southern Mesoamericans. It also left a time-stratigraphic marker in western El Salvador and adjacent Guatemala—the Ilopango Tierra Blanca Joven, or TBJ tephra. Mineral suites and major element abundances identify a silicic volcanic ash in cores from Lago de Yojoa, Honduras, as Ilopango TBJ. This extends its reported range more than 150 km to the northeast. Analyses of glass from the TBJ tephra from the Chalchuapa archaeological site, El Salvador, and from Lago de Yojoa, Honduras, establish the first major element reference fingerprint for the TBJ tephra. The Lago de Yojoa cores also hold two previously undated trachyandesitic tephra layers originating from the nearby Lake Yojoa Volcanic Field. One fell shortly before 11,000 14C yr B.P. and the other about 8600 14C yr B.P.

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